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  • Cambridge University Press  (6)
  • American Meteorological Society  (1)
  • Copernicus Publications (EU)  (1)
  • The Oceanography Society  (1)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Description: At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: The World Ocean Circulation Experiment, carried out between 1990 and 1997, provided the most comprehensive oceanic survey of radiocarbon to date. Approximately 10,000 samples were collected in the Pacific Ocean by U.S. investigators for both conventional large volume p counting and small volume accelerator mass spectrometry analysis techniques. Results from six cruises are presented. The data quality is as good or better than previous large-scale surveys. The 14C distribution for the entire WOCE Pacific data set is graphically described using mean vertical profiles and sections, and property-property plots.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Description: AMS radiocarbon results from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment in the Pacific Ocean show dramatic changes in the inventory and distribution of bomb-produced 14C since the time of the GEOSECS survey (8/73–6/74). Near-surface Δ14C values for the eastern portion of both the northern and southern subtropical gyres decreased by 25–50‰, with the change being greater in the north. Equatorial near-surface values have increased by ca. 25‰. Changes in the 250–750-m depth range are dramatically different between the northern and southern basins. The intermediate and mode waters of the southern basin have increased by as much as 75‰ since GEOSECS. Waters of similar density in the northern hemisphere are not exposed to the Southern Ocean circulation regime and are significantly less ventilated, showing maximum changes of ca. 50‰.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Description: Fieldwork for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) radiocarbon program was recently completed. Ca. 9000 samples were collected for analysis using both conventional β-counting techniques and the newer AMS technique. The mean uncertainty for the β analyses is 3‰; for AMS analyses, ca. 4.5‰.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-09-18
    Description: While the exchange of water through Yucatan Strait is reasonably well known, the age of the deep water in both the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is not. We recently measured the radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico from a line of stations along 90°30′W. The mean apparent age of water below 900 m, the depth of the Florida Strait sill, was found to be about 740 yr relative to the 1950 14C standard. Depending on how the corrections for biological activity in the upper water are applied, this converts to a “true” age of between 231 ± 28 and 293 ± 74 yr. These ages agree with a previous estimate of the age of the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico based on heat flows, put upper limits on the age of the deep water in the Caribbean Sea, and provide constraints on modelers for the return of deep water from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean. This might be important in the event of a future deep water oil or other chemical spill in the region.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description: This study uses potential vorticity and other tracers to identify the pathways of the densest form of Circumpolar Deep Water in the South Pacific, termed “Southwest Pacific Bottom Water” (SPBW), along the 28.2 kg m−3 surface. This study focuses on the potential vorticity signals associated with three major dynamical processes occurring in the vicinity of the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge: 1) the strong flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), 2) lateral eddy stirring, and 3) heat and stratification changes in bottom waters induced by hydrothermal vents. These processes result in southward and downstream advection of low potential vorticity along rising isopycnal surfaces. Using δ3He released from the hydrothermal vents, the influence of volcanic activity on the SPBW may be traced across the South Pacific along the path of the ACC to Drake Passage. SPBW also flows within the southern limb of the Ross Gyre, reaching the Antarctic Slope in places and contributes via entrainment to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. Finally, it is shown that the magnitude and location of the potential vorticity signals associated with SPBW have endured over at least the last two decades, and that they are unique to the South Pacific sector.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of water samples. This update of GLODAPv2, v2.2019, adds data from 116 cruises to the previous version, extending its coverage in time from 2013 to 2017, while also adding some data from prior years. GLODAPv2.2019 includes measurements from more than 1.1 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 840 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control, especially systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 116 new cruises with the data from the 724 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2 data product. They correct for errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices, taking into account any known or likely time trends or variations. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH, and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The compilation also includes data for several other variables, such as isotopic tracers. These were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: other
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 25, no. 3 (2012): 152-153, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2012.89.
    Description: Research Vessel Icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer departed Cape Town, South Africa, on May 3, 1996, to complete the Indian Ocean portion of the "S04" line, a circumnavigation of Antarctica that was part of the US contribution to the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The WOCE Line S04I voyage ended at Hobart, Tasmania, on July 4, 1996, following completion of 108 stations, despite suspension of science operations for seven days on June 8, when the Palmer was diverted to deliver emergency food supplies to Russia's Mirny Station in the Davis Sea. During this extreme south cruise, with Thomas Whitworth III (Texas A&M University) and James H. Swift (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) as co-chief scientists, a total of 816 radiocarbon samples were collected by author Key at 31 stations, and these samples were later analyzed by author McNichol at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in McNichol, A., Key, R., & Guilderson, T. Global ocean radiocarbon programs. Radiocarbon, (2022): 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2022.17.
    Description: The importance of studying the radiocarbon content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DI14C) in the oceans has been recognized for decades. Starting with the GEOSECS program in the 1970s, 14C sampling has been a part of most global survey programs. Early results were used to study air-sea gas exchange while the more recent results are critical for helping calibrate ocean general circulation models used to study the effects of climate change. Here we summarize the major programs and discuss some of the important insights the results are starting to provide.
    Description: Authors received funding from the National Science Foundation OCE-85865400 (APM) and a Woods Hole Oceanographic Technical Staff Award (APM).
    Keywords: Dissolved inorganic carbon ; Ocean models ; Oceanography ; Radiocarbon
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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