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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: We develop and apply an explosively driven two-shockwave tool in material damage experiments on Sn. The two shockwave tool allows the variation of the first shockwave amplitude over range 18.5 to 26.4 GPa, with a time interval variation between the first and second shock of 5 to 7  μ s. Simulations imply that the second shock amplitude can be varied as well and we briefly describe how to achieve such a variation. Our interest is to measure ejecta masses from twice shocked metals. In our application of the two-shockwave tool, we observed second shock ejected areal masses of about 4 ± 1 mg/cm 2 , a value we attribute to unstable Richtmyer-Meshkov impulse phenomena. We also observed an additional mass ejection process caused by the abrupt recompression of the local spallation or cavitation of the twice shocked Sn.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: We have assembled together our ejecta measurements from explosively shocked tin acquired over a period of about ten years. The tin was cast at 0.99995 purity, and all of the tin targets or samples were shocked to loading pressures of about 27 GPa, allowing meaningful comparisons. The collected data are markedly consistent, and because the total ejected mass scales linearly with the perturbations amplitudes they can be used to estimate how much total Sn mass will be ejected from explosively shocked Sn, at similar loading pressures, based on the surface perturbation parameters of wavelength and amplitude. Most of the data were collected from periodic isosceles shapes that approximate sinusoidal perturbations. Importantly, however, we find that not all periodic perturbations behave similarly. For example, we observed that sawtooth (right triangular) perturbations eject more mass than an isosceles perturbation of similar depth and wavelength, demonstrating that masses ejected from irregular shaped perturbations cannot be normalized to the cross-sectional areas of the perturbations.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5363-5371 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Values of the ratio of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient to mobility DL/μ for electrons in He, Ar, Kr, and Xe are derived from current waveforms obtained during earlier measurements of electron mobility. The electric field to gas density ratios E/N cover the wide range of 10−3 to 20 Td, thereby bridging previous experiments at low E/N to recent experiments at high E/N. Here 1 Td=1×10−21 V m2. The corresponding DL/μ values range from 0.0066 eV for thermal electrons at 77 K to 10 eV. In addition to the well-known peak in DL/μ for Ar at E/N between 0.01 and 0.1 Td caused by the Ramsauer minimum in the momentum transfer cross section, we find previously unreported low-energy peaks in DL/μ vs E/N in Kr and Xe and previously unreported pronounced leveling-off in DL/μ at E/N(approximately-greater-than)8 Td in Ar, Kr, and Xe. Calculations of transport coefficients using numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation and cross section sets in the literature give good agreement with experiment from E/N producing thermal electrons up to average energies ≈10 eV and E/N up to 100 Td, the upper limit of our calculations. The leveling off of DL/μ at high E/N is caused by inelastic collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 891-897 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present two simple models for calculating photoabsorption spectra of bent symmetric triatomic molecules, one designed for light-heavy-light systems with an inactive bending mode and a more general one with no assumptions about atomic mass ratios and where bending motion may be active. Both models are extensions of an earlier model [R. T Pack, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 4765 (1976)] for the photodissociation of collinear symmetric triatomic molecules which showed that excitation to a single dissociative electronic state can give absorption spectra with rich structure due to bound degrees of freedom perpendicular to the dissociation coordinate. Similarly, the present models predict structure in the absorption spectra which is easily understood in terms of the vibrational frequencies and bond lengths, and the steepness and height of the excited state barrier. As a test case, we use the models to calculate the photoabsorption spectra of the X 1A1→A 1B1 transition in water which is known to involve a single dissociative excited state surface. We find that these models, which only require knowledge of the ground-state potential-energy surface near the minimum and the excited state potential-energy surface in the barrier region, are quite successful and may serve as simple tools to investigate photoabsorption spectra of other molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4234-4238 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An approximate anisotropic intermolecular potential for the Xe–SF6 interaction is developed by fitting the Morse–Morse–Morse–Spline–Van der Waals potential form to interaction virial coefficient, diffusion coefficient and collision-induced light scattering data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Accurate 3D coupled channel calculations for total angular momentum J=0 for the reaction F+H2→HF+H using a realistic potential energy surface are analyzed. The reactive scattering is formulated using the hyperspherical (APH) coordinates of Pack and Parker. The adiabatic basis functions are generated quite efficiently using the discrete variable representation method. Reaction probabilities for relative collision energies of up to 17.4 kcal/mol are presented. To aid in the interpretation of the resonances and quantum structure observed in the calculated reaction probabilities, we analyze the phases of the S matrix transition elements, Argand diagrams, time delays and eigenlifetimes of the collision lifetime matrix. Collinear (1D) and reduced dimensional 3D bending corrected rotating linear model (BCRLM) calculations are presented and compared with the accurate 3D calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 6378-6388 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We apply a simple model for the photodissociation absorption spectra of bent symmetric triatomic molecules to the Wulf–Chappuis band system of ozone (10 000–22 000 cm−1 ) to assign the electronic states and the diffuse vibrational bands involved. The conical intersection between the two lowest 1A‘ states is treated in an approximate way, and the role of the lowest excited triplet states is explored. The results indicate that the Wulf band is probably due to the 3A2 state of ozone which gains intensity through spin–orbit coupling. The 1 1A‘ (1A2) state gives rise to the featureless red wing of the Chappuis band. Most of the structure in the Chappuis band is reproduced in the model and is due to the 2 1A‘ (1B1) state as was previously supposed. A more complete treatment of the conical intersection and nonadiabatic effects will be necessary to quantitatively reproduce all features of the experimental spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 8239-8247 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report results of ab initio configuration-interaction calculations on the lowest excited 1A2 and 1B1 states of ozone near their C2v minima and also at several nearby Cs geometries, where these two states become the lowest 1A‘ states. We find that in C2v symmetry these two states have a seam intersection very near the 1B1 minimum which becomes a conical intersection for small distortions to Cs geometries. The influence of this intersection on the Wulf and Chappuis bands of ozone is discussed and a new interpretation of these bands is presented. We also demonstrate the existence of a second conical intersection involving these same two states for D3h symmetries, where they become degenerate components of a 1E‘ state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4125-4138 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results of picosecond photon echo and optical hole burning experiments are reported for four ionic dyes in ethanol glass. At low temperatures, the dephasing times deduced from the hole widths are as much as nine times shorter than those measured by the two-pulse echo because of the effect of spectral diffusion. The temperature dependences found are of the form aTα+b exp (−ΔE/kT) due to glass two level system dynamics (T〈4 K) and a process that activates exponentially at higher temperatures, possibly from a pseudolocal mode or glass optical phonon. Comparing the ratios of echo to hole burning measured dephasing times for the four dyes suggests that the dephasing is influenced by the existence of distinct local ethanol solvation shells in addition to the dynamics of the bulk solvent. A theoretical description of solvent shell effects is achieved through the use of a two spatial domain model of the glass dynamics. Calculations of dynamic perturbations from distinct solvation shell and bulk solvent regions show that the observed differences between the dyes' dephasing ratios can be explained if the ionic chromophores alter glass dynamics locally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 3511-3519 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We continue development of the theory of reactive (rearrangement) scattering using adiabatically adjusting, principal axis, hyperspherical (APH) coordinates. The behavior of the solutions for small θ (oblate symmetric top) configurations is examined, and it is shown that the exact surface functions need not be continuous at θ=0. A procedure for testing the importance of the small θ region and the adequacy of the usual APH centrifugal sudden basis of surface functions is presented and illustrated by example calculations on the even parity, J=1, H3 system. A list of corrections to earlier papers in the series is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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