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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of the surface structure of diblock copolymer films using microscopy and x-ray scattering (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 2376-2386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface structure of a model system was measured in real space by atomic force and optical microscopies, and compared with that obtained from measurements in reciprocal space by x-ray reflectivity and off-specular scattering at grazing incidence. Experiments were performed on films of symmetric diblock copolymers of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate, whose surfaces were covered by micrometer-size islands or holes (domains) of uniform height. The correlation functions extracted from the images of the film surfaces show weak peaks in the real-space domain distribution. The corresponding structures were also found in reciprocal space. The height of the domains obtained from the scattering measurements was found to be in excellent agreement with that obtained by atomic force microscopy. We developed a formalism using the kinematical approximation for the analysis of the x-ray-scattering measurements. We used a multilayer film model with roughness at each interface and relief domains at the surface. We extracted the domain–domain correlation functions for the x-ray-scattering analysis from the atomic force and optical microscopy images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464165
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multipurpose monochromator for the Basic Energy Science Synchrotron Radiation Center Collaborative Access Team beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source x-ray facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2191-2193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Basic Energy Science Synchrotron Radiation Center (BESSRC) Collaborative Access Team (CAT) will construct x-ray beamlines at two sectors of the Advanced Photon Source facility. In most of the beamlines the first optical element will be a monochromator, so that a standard design for this critical component is advantageous. The monochromator is a double-crystal, fixed exit scheme with a constant offset designed for ultrahigh vacuum windowless operation. In this design, the crystals are mounted on a turntable with the first crystal at the center of rotation. Mechanical linkages are used to correctly position the second crystal and maintain a constant offset. The main drive for the rotary motion is provided by a vacuum compatible Huber goniometer isolated from the main vacuum chamber. The design of the monochromator is such that it can accommodate water, gallium, or liquid-nitrogen cooling for the crystal optics. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MBE grown CdTe photoconductor array detector for x-ray measurements : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2320-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A photoconductor array was made using molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) grown CdTe. CdTe has been found to be an excellent material for high-energy photon detection. The objective is to develop an array detector with high efficiency and fast response toward x rays. There is considerable interest in the development of new x-ray detectors for use in the new synchrotron-radiation sources. Photoconductor arrays with gaps ranging from 5 to 50 μm between elements and 100 μm pitch size have been fabricated. The temporal response of the detectors was measured using 100 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses. The temporal response of the photoconductor arrays is as fast as 21 ps rise time and 38 ps full width half maximum (FWHM). Spatial and energy responses were obtained using x rays from rotating anode (ANL) and synchrotron-radiation sources (NSLS, beam line X-18 B). The spatial resolution of the photoconductor obtained was 75 μm FWHM, for a 50 μm beam size. The best results were obtained for those arrays with the best crystal qualities. Linear response up to an energy of 15 keV was observed. Also observed was that a substantial number of x-ray photons were effectively absorbed within the MBE CdTe layer. The array detector did not show any evidence of radiation damage after x-ray exposures of several days. When the detector is cooled to 230 K the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by more than an order of magnitude. These results demonstrate that MBE grown CdTe is a suitable choice to meet the detector requirements for synchrotron-radiation applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145676
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argonne National Laboratory X6B beamline at NSLS: A versatile facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1688-1690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: With high-intensity, high-energy resolution, energy tunability, and flexibility of operation, the Argonne National Laboratory X6B beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has become a versatile facility for a variety of x-ray diffraction, scattering, and spectroscopy experiments. The beamline can be operated in either focused or unfocused beam mode, depending on the requirement of specific experiments. We describe the x-ray optics and beamline performance, and present selected experimental results to demonstrate the main features of the X6B beamline. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145884
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreflectance study of surface photovoltage effects at (100)GaAs surfaces/interfaces (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 260-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a photoreflectance study of surface photovoltage (VS) effects on the determination of Fermi level pinning (VF) on (100) n-GaAs in air and with W-metal coverage (in situ) as a function of temperature (77 K〈T〈450 K) and light intensity (I). The dependence of VS on T and I can be explained by a modification the theory of M. Hecht [Phys. Rev. B 41, 7918 (1990)] yielding a value of VF=0.73±0.02 V. The effect of metal coverage is to reduce the influence of VS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104682
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elliptical multipole wiggler facility at the Advanced Photon Source : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1839-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of circularly polarized radiation is advantageous for the study of magnetic materials using x-ray scattering techniques. The APS is an ideal source of x-ray radiation for such studies. We present a description of the elliptical multipole wiggler (EMW) [S. Yamamoto, H. Kawata, H. Kitamura, and M. Ando, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2672 (1989)] to be constructed at the APS. This device has been chosen for reasons of tunability and special polarization properties. This insertion device is capable of producing circularly polarized x rays on axis. The EMW period will be λu=16 cm, the number of full strength poles in the hybrid structure is 31, and the device length is 2.8 m. The hybrid magnetic structure produces a peak vertical magnetic field with Ky=14 and the electromagnet provides horizontal magnetic field with Kx=1–2. The frequency of the horizontal field change is up to 10 Hz. The beamline will consist of three stations operating in tandem with only one station receiving x rays at any one time. The three stations have three distinct functions, namely Compton scattering, magnetic scattering, and surface scattering. Special considerations will be made to insure the proper control of the polarization when using circular polarized light. The design of the elliptical multipole wiggler beam line will follow an approach very close to that developed by Kawata et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1885 (1989)]. Our objective is to obtain a high photon flux with energies above 40 keV and well characterized polarization. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145799
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An energy dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline, X6A, at NSLS (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An energy dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy instrument has been built at the X6A beam port of the x-ray ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). This instrument allows the collection of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and/or x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra for many elements on the millisecond time scale. The beamline employs a four-point crystal bender and a rectangular Si 220 crystal to access incident energies between 6.5 and 21 keV. Because the polychromator focuses the synchrotron beam to a narrow 100-μm line, this experimental apparatus is ideal for x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments in special environments such as at high pressures, for in situ experiments, and/or for very small samples. In this manuscript we will describe the instrument design and present data with which to evaluate the instrument. This beamline is available through the NSLS user proposal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144778
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New CdTe photoconductor array detector for x-ray applications (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A CdTe photoconductor array x-ray detector was grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a Si(100) substrate. The temporal response of the photoconductor arrays is as fast as 21 ps rise time and 38 ps full width half-maximum (FWHM). The spatial resolution of the photoconductor was good enough to provide 75 μm FWHM using a 50 μm synchrotron x-ray beam. A substantial number of x-ray photons are absorbed effectively within the MBE CdTe layer as observed from the linear response up to 15 keV. These results demonstrate that MBE grown CdTe is a suitable choice of the detector materials to meet the requirements for x-ray detectors. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113684
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A shutter design for time domain studies using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1172-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In general, a variable repetition rate of the x-ray bunches is needed to explore time domain problems using x-rays. In some instances, the results of several hundreds or thousands of x-ray pulses must be averaged requiring the sample to be in the same time-dependent state each time the monitoring pulse strikes. The important point is that before a second x-ray pulse hits the sample, the system must return to its initial relaxed ground state prior to another spectrum pulse in order to prepare the same excited state again. Our key design principle employs a subsonic, rotating mirror whose period is slaved to the synchrotron intrapulse period. The synchrotron x-ray bunches will be reflected a distance of about 2 m to a narrow 0.5-mm slit just in front of the sample. A mirror rotating at a low 7500 rpm (125 Hz) is sufficient to select a single synchrotron pulse for the Advanced Photon Source. The very precise phase stability required by this method is currently available in rotating mirror devices for laser scanning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143125
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