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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (6)
  • Wiley  (1)
  • 1
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    Network topology and rainfall controls on the variability of combined sewer overflows and loads (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Water and pollutant fluxes from combined sewer overflows (CSO) have a significant impact on receiving waters. The random nature of rainfall forcing dominates the variability of sewer discharges, pollutant loads, and concentrations. An analytical model developed here, shows how sewer network topology and rainfall properties variously impact the stochasticity of CSO functioning. Probability distributions of sewer discharge and concentration compare well with the results from a calibrated Storm Water Management Model in an application to a sewershed located in Dresden, Germany. The model is determined by only four parameters, three of which can be predicted a priori, two from the rainfall record and one from the network topology using geomorphological flow recession theory, while the fourth can be estimated from a short discharge time series. The sensitivity of CSO and wastewater treatment loads to network structure suggests simple topologies may be more vulnerable to poor performance. The analytical model is useful for evaluating various CSO management strategies to reduce adverse impacts on receiving waters in a probabilistic setting.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of multiple scattering processes on the electron mobility in low density methanol gas (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 8633-8638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron drift mobility μ has been measured in CH3OH gas in the temperature range 303≤T≤363 K and in the number density range 2.4×1017≤n≤2.1×1019 cm−3. It is usually assumed—although there is no foundation for it—that at such low gas densities the "zero-field'' density-normalized mobility (μn) does not depend on n, i.e. it can be described by the so-called Lorentz single collision approximation [see, e.g., N. Gee and G. R. Freeman, Can. J. Chem. 61, 1664 (1983)]. We observed, however, a density dependence of (μn) which can be explained approximately in terms of coherent and incoherent multiple scattering corrections where the coherent contribution due to correlations between the scatterers predominates at lower temperatures. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spectra and the relative yield of solvated electrons produced by resonant photodetachment of iodide anion in ethylene glycol in the temperature range 296≤T≤453 K (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 5910-5914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have produced solvated electrons (esolv−) in ethylene glycol (EG) by irradiation of a 248 nm laser pulse in the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) band of I− (resonant photodetachment). We report on the optical absorption spectra of esolv− as a function of temperature. A red-shift of the position of the absorption maximum, Δ(h-dash-bar)ωmax(approximate)−0.4 eV, corresponding to d((h-dash-bar)ωmax)/dT=−(2.49±0.07)×10−3 eV K−1 in the temperature range 296≤T≤453 K is reported. The observed absorbance of esolv− at (h-dash-bar)ωmax increases by a factor of about 60 when the temperature is increased from 296 to 453 K. This effect can be explained only partially by the favorable red-shift of the CTTS spectrum of I− with respect to the laser wavelength by increasing the temperature. The self diffusion coefficient in EG is by a factor of 25 lower than in water at 298 K and increases strongly with temperature. It is concluded that a reaction step with a diffusion controlled escape probability for the electron determines the yield of esolv−. The results are, therefore, analyzed according to a simple kinetic model proposed by Staib and Borgis [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 9027 (1996)]. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481163
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron and anion mobility in low density hydrogen cyanide gas. I. Dipole-bound electron ground states (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 531-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We measured the mobility of excess electrons in the polar hydrogen cyanide gas (D=2.985 D) at low densities as a function of density and temperature by the so-called pulsed Townsend method. Experiments were performed at 294 and 333 K in the gas number density range 1.23×1017≤n≤3.61×1018 cm−3. We found a strong density dependence of the "zero-field" density-normalized mobility (μn). Only about 10% of the observed density variation can be qualitatively explained by coherent and incoherent multiple scattering effects. With increasing gas density an increasing number of linear HCN dimers is formed which due to the high dipole moment (D=6.552 D) represent much stronger electron scatterers than the HCN monomers. It was found that the dimers may be only in part responsible for the observed density effect. Therefore, we consider a transport process where short-lived dipole-bound electron ground states (lifetime ≥12 ps) as quasilocalized states are involved. For comparison the electron mobility in saturated 2-aminoethanol vapor with a dipole moment of similar size (D=3.05 D) does not show any anomalous density behavior in the temperature range 298≤T≤435 K. In contrast to this the electron mobility in saturated but also in nonsaturated CH3CN gas (D=3.925 D) shows a density behavior similar to that in HCN. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476969
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron and anion mobility in low density hydrogen cyanide gas. II. Evidence for the formation of anionic clusters (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the drift mobility of anions in low-density hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas. They are formed by attachment of photoinjected excess electrons to HCN molecules. Mobility isotherms for the temperatures 294, 333, and 373 K were determined in the HCN number density range 9.36×1017≤n≤1.21×1020 cm−3.The density-normalized mobility (μanionn) of the anions shows a rather strong density dependence. At least in the limit of very low density the value (μanionn)0 of some postulated anions can be tested by the statistical adiabatic channel model (SACM) for ion-dipole molecule capture processes published recently by Troe [J. Chem. Phys. 105, 6249 (1996)]. The observed density variation can be explained by cluster anion formation. But additionally one has to consider the influence of HCN dimer formation in the drift gas on the anion mobility. It is further shown that the experimental mobilities recently obtained for cluster ions like NO+(CH3CN)2 and NO+(CH3CN)3 in acetonitrile are in total contradiction not only to our experimental results but also to theory. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476590
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron and anion mobility in low density hydrogen cyanide gas. I. Dipole-bound electron ground states (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 3959-3970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We measured the mobility of excess electrons in the polar hydrogen cyanide gas (D=2.985 D) at low densities as a function of density and temperature by the so-called pulsed Townsend method. Experiments were performed at 294 and 333 K in the gas number density range 1.23×1017≤n≤3.61×1018 cm−3. We found a strong density dependence of the "zero-field" density-normalized mobility (μn). Only about 10% of the observed density variation can be qualitatively explained by coherent and incoherent multiple scattering effects. With increasing gas density an increasing number of linear HCN dimers is formed which due to the high dipole moment (D=6.552 D) represent much stronger electron scatterers than the HCN monomers. It was found that the dimers may be only in part responsible for the observed density effect. Therefore, we consider a transport process where short-lived dipole-bound electron ground states (lifetime ≥12 ps) as quasilocalized states are involved. For comparison the electron mobility in saturated 2-aminoethanol vapor with a dipole moment of similar size (D=3.05 D) does not show any anomalous density behavior in the temperature range 298≤T≤435 K. In contrast to this the electron mobility in saturated but also in nonsaturated CH3CN gas (D=3.925 D) shows a density behavior similar to that in HCN. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Electron and anion mobility in low density hydrogen cyanide gas. I. Dipole-bound electron ground states" [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 531 (1998)] (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 4129-4129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477014
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