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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1250-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148221
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 452-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The detailed design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER is presented. The system consists of groups of pickup coils and flux loops on the vessel wall, the back plate, and the divertor. These sensors provide the measurements for the equilibrium reconstruction and the fluctuation analysis. The system is supplemented by Rogowski coils for halo current measurements and by a diamagnetic loop. The complete system meets the measurement requirements, matching those of contemporary large divertor tokamaks. The maximum radiation exposure is such that the sensors will survive for the lifetime of the ITER. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149390
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of surface morphology in wafer bonding (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The strain patterns detected by x-ray topography in wafers bonded for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology were found related to the flatness nonuniformity of the original wafers. Local stresses due to the bonding process are estimated to be about 1×108 dynes/cm2. The stress is reduced about 100 times for the thin (0.5 μm) SOI films. Most of the wafer deformation occurs during room temperature mating of the wafers. The deformation is purely elastic even at 1200 °C. The magnitude of the stress appears insignificant for complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347760
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-pulse analog integration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2679-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The presence of variable offsets at the input stage of analog integrators produces drifts in the output which limit the duration for which integration can be carried out at specified accuracy. In this article an integration system is demonstrated, accurate to within a few millivoltseconds over a time scale of several hours, with no special temperature control of the environment. The principle is to alternate between two individual integrators. While one integrates the signal, the other performs a drift measurement. This provides information sufficient to construct a continuous integral, and to perform time-dependent drift compensation. Estimates are given to show that the scheme could meet the magnetic diagnostic requirements of the next generation long-pulse devices for the magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasmas. Modifications to the system tested are suggested, which could significantly further extend the period of accurate integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143855
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and related compounds (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 4040-4043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and their cations. The resulting G2 adiabatic ionization potential for CH3O of 10.78 eV supports the new value of 10.726±0.008 eV reported by Ruscic and Berkowitz [J. Chem. Phys. 95, xxxx (1991)] from a photoionization study. A previous photoelectron result of 7.37±0.03 eV is probably an incorrect assignment. The G2 ionization potential for CH2OH is 7.45 eV, consistent with the experimental value of 7.55 eV. The calculated O–H and C–H bond dissociation energies of CH3OH are 105.0 and 96.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that the D0(H–CH2OH) from kinetics measurements may be too low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460759
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the energy content of the JET tokamak plasma with a diamagnetic loop (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2087-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An accurate and reliable measurement of poloidal β is essential to assess the performances of Joint European Torus (JET). The diamagnetic loop can measure β values as low as 0.1 in JET discharges with a plasma current larger than 2×106 A. The instrumentation used includes a flux loop rigidly fitted on a toroidal field (TF) coil, a large Rogowski coil measuring the TF busbar current, and a displacement gauge measuring the TF coil expansion. The fluxes to be compensated originate, in order of importance, from the TF current, the eddy current in the vessel, the TF coil expansion, and the stray coupling with the poloidal fields. The TF and eddy currents must be particularly well compensated on JET since the plasma current starts before the toroidal field has reached its plateau value. Comparison between the diamagnetic and other evaluations of β shows a good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138747
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition of the coastal fish fauna around Elephant Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 825-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the coastal fish fauna around Elephant Island (northern South Shetland Islands) was investigated during seven bottom trawl surveys of FRV “Walther Herwig”, FV “Polarstern” and FRV “Yuzhmorgeologiya” from 1981 to 1998. Low-Antarctic (or lesser or peri-Antarctic) fish species were the predominant element of the coastal fish fauna. Large-scale fishing from 1978 to 1981 reduced stock sizes of the most abundant species Champsocephalus gunnari and Notothenia rossii to the extent that only a small fraction of the initial stock remained. After the period of intensive fishing, Gobionotothen gibberifrons became the most abundant species around the island. The by-catch species, which had probably been less affected by harvesting, recovered by the end of the 1980s/beginning of the 1990s. Fish biomass was highest in the 100- to 400-m depth range. An MDS plot revealed the existence of five groups of species that overlapped in their distribution to some extent. One important factor that separated the five groups was depth. Other factors that might have been important in structuring the vertical distribution of the fish fauna, such as bottom topography and sediment type, could not be investigated. Species composition was dominated by a few abundant low-Antarctic species. In four of the five groups, G. gibberifrons was by far the most abundant species, after C. gunnari and N. rossii had been largely eliminated due to fishing. Only in the 100- to 200-m depth range was C. gunnari more abundant than G. gibberifrons. In the 400- to 500-m depth stratum, a high-Antarctic species, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, and Lepidonotothen squamifrons, a species of Patagonian origin which lacks antifreeze glycopeptides, gained some importance. Species richness showed a positive trend with increasing depth. Evenness and Hill's N1 index were highest in the shallowest and deepest depth strata. Hill's N2 index was lowest in depth strata 3 and 4, which had the most even distribution of the abundant fish species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface structure of Antarctic fish eggs and its use in identifying fish eggs from the Southern Ocean (1989)
    Springer
    Polar biology 9 (1989), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The surface structure of eggs of Notothenia neglecta, Nototheniops larseni, Nototheniops nudifrons (Nototheniidae), Champsocephalus gunnari and Chaenocephalus aceratus (Channichthyidae), collected near Elephant Island (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean) and of Notothenia rossii rossii (Nototheniidae) from Kerguelen waters (Indian sector of the Southern Ocean) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eggs of N. larseni differed from the other species by containing a micropyle with two micropyle pits. External morphological characteristics of the egg envelope such as the ultrastructure of the zona radiata, its interpore distances and the diameter of the micropyle were species-specific and could aid in the identification of fish eggs collected from the Southern Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297176
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of photocorrosion on cadmium sulfide suspensions applied in animal inhalation studies with CdS particles (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium sulfide aerosol (90 μg Cd/m3) was generated from an aqueous suspension for 12 weeks and the ratio of Cd++/Cdtotal in the suspension and the resulting aerosol was determined. After 4 weeks the concentration of Cd++ in the suspension and the aerosol leveled off at 43.5±11.4% and 35.8±6.8%, respectively. Therefore, lung tumors in rats observed after inhalation exposure to such CdS aerosols (Glaser et al. 1990) may have been caused not only by the effect of CdS but also by the influence of inhaled Cd++ or CdSO4. The contribution of CdS particles to the observed lung tumor rate depends on the bioavailability of CdS retained in the lungs. The photochemical decay of CdS in aqueous suspensions only occurred when exposed to light and adjusting the suspension up to pH 3 did not increase the decomposition rate of CdS. Ethanolic suspensions of CdS are much more stable than aqueous ones and experiments with suspensions kept under shield gases showed that the decay of CdS is not dependent on oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213299
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