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  • Springer  (445)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of the polychaete Capitella sp. I on microbial activity in an organic-rich marine sediment contaminated with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 679-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polychaetes belonging to the genus Capitella are often present in high numbers in organic-rich sediments polluted with, e.g., oil components, and Capitella spp. may have a great impact on the biogeochemistry of these sediments. We examined the influence of Capitella sp. I on microbial activity in an organic-rich marine sediment contaminated with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene. Capitella sp. I were added to microcosms (10 000 ind m−2) and the impact of a pulse-sedimentation of fluoranthene-contaminated sediment (3 mm layer) was studied for a period of 12 d after sedimentation. The sediment oxygen uptake and total sediment metabolism (TCO2 production) increased in cores with worms (71 to 131%), whereas the anaerobic activity, measured as sulfate reduction rate 12 d after sedimentation, was lower compared to cores without worms. The effect of fluoranthene on sulfate reduction was most pronounced in the presence of worms, with a 34% reduction versus 16% in cores without worms. The reduced sulfur pools in cores with worms were smaller than in cores without worms, suggesting that the reduced anaerobic activity was caused by increased oxidation of the sediment, which may favor O2 and other electron-acceptors (e.g. NO3 −, Fe3+, Mn4+) in organic matter decomposition. The sediment oxygen uptake and TCO2 production did not show significant changes due to fluoranthene treatment, indicating that these parameters were either less sensitive to fluoranthene stress or recovered more rapidly (i.e. within 48 h) than sulfate reduction rates. Bioturbation by Capitella sp. I altered the depth profile of fluoranthene such that fluoranthene was found in deeper sediment layers (down to 2 cm) where diffusional loss and microbial breakdown probably are reduced relative to surface layers. In cores without worms, fluoranthene was found down to 1 cm, with 75% remaining in the upper 5 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050135
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on the quantitative structure of quasi-stationary tropical cyclone in the vicinity of the eye (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 33 (1998), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Keywords: Atmospheric interface ; eye radius ; perturbation expansion ; vortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A fully mature tropical cyclone is a complicated phenomenon, in which effects such as boundary-layer friction, latent heat release, and so on, must be accounted for, in order to give a complete description of the flow. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated here that a two-layer compressible atmosphere model, with a sharp interface separating the layers, is capable of giving a non-linear vortex-type solution at the lowest order of approximation. The ‘eye’ of the cyclone is formed when the interface is drawn down to sea level. Heat energy from the ocean into the cyclone and secondary flow within the vortex are both incorporated. The model provides an approximate description of cyclone behaviour, in terms that are easily understood. More complete descriptions are apparently only possible numerically, however, with a corresponding loss of ease of comprehension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004240724305
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  • 3
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    Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Inventory Coastal Prairie Wetlands Along the Upper Gulf Coast, Texas (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Print ISSN: 0277-5212
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-6246
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Impact of the polychaete Capitella sp. I on microbial activity in an organic-rich marine sediment contaminated with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-26
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (2017)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer, 40(11), pp. 2265-2278, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6–7% over the current levels with a 1 °C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bonded silicon-on-sapphire wafers and devices (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2526-2527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) has been prepared by direct wafer bonding. The silicon layer was thinned to about 10 μm by mechanical grinding and chemical etching. P-N junction diodes were fabricated in the bonded SOS and compared with epitaxially grown SOS. The reverse bias leakage current was almost 15× less in the bonded SOS. A generation lifetime of 10 μs can be estimated from the junction leakage. The effects of processing temperatures on the bonded SOS were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352345
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact UHV valve with field replaceable windows : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1282-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There are many applications in synchrotron radiation research where window valves can be usefully employed. Examples include gas cells for monochromator calibration, filters for high-order light rejection, and as vacuum isolation elements between machine and experimental vacua. Often these devices are fairly expensive, and have only fixed (i.e., nonremovable) windows. The development of a new type of seal technology by VAT for their series 01 valves provides a gate surface which is free from obstructions due to internal mechanical elements. This feature allows a threaded recess to be machined into the gate to receive a removable window frame which can carry standard size Luxel thin-film windows. The combination of these features results in a DN 40 (2.75-in. conflat flange) valve which provides a clear aperture of 21-mm diameter for the window material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143100
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional steady free surface flow into a semi-infinite mat sink (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 10 (1998), S. 2781-2785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The steady, potential flow of a fluid into a semi-infinite "mat" sink in two dimensions is examined, the mat sink being a region along the flat bottom, where the vertical outflow velocity is specified by −V(x). The fluid possesses a free surface that is drawn right down into the sink. An integral equation technique is employed and solved numerically. Solutions are found for the supercritical case, where the Froude number F〉1, and free surface profiles are presented for two different forms of the outflow velocity profile V(x). © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869801
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow system and 9.5 GHz microwave resonators for time-resolved and steady-state electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in compressed and supercritical fluids (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2505-2510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An apparatus for the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection of stable and transient free radicals in pressurized liquids and supercritical fluids is described. The construction of a quartz EPR sample cell capable of withstanding pressures up to 3000 psi (204 atm) and the components of a high pressure flow system are explained and illustrated. In order to accommodate the thick-walled, high pressure sample tube, two X-band (9.5 GHz) microwave cavities were fabricated. One is a brass, cylindrical TE011 cavity for time-resolved (direct detection) EPR experiments where field modulation was not necessary, and the other is a silver wire-wound cylindrical TE011 cavity, mounted in a quartz support tube. The wire-wound cavity allows for simultaneous light excitation and field modulation for steady-state EPR. Both cavities are fitted with tunable end plates to facilitate tuning at X band in the face of large frequency shifts when the sample tube is introduced to the resonator and to allow for operation with smaller sample tubes at ambient pressure. Microwave coupling, flow optimization, and UV-light access for both cavities are described, and sample spectra in both time-resolved and steady-state modes are reported. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148149
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast 35-GHz time-resolved EPR apparatus (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A time-resolved Q-band (35-GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) apparatus with a 25-ns rise time and 10-ns time resolution is described. Built around the Varian E110 microwave bridge, a detailed description of the resonator, flow system, optical alignment, and preamplifier electronics is given. The resonator is a TE103 rectangular cavity with front and back cutoff flanges attached to allow maximum laser light access. An adjustable Gordon coupler was constructed to achieve critical coupling to the cavity. Two separate designs of quartz sample flow cell are described, one for low dielectric organic solvents and one for aqueous samples. The standard diode detection system as shipped by Varian was used, but the signal from the detector diode was branched into two separate amplifiers, one the standard preamplifier for automatic frequency control lock-in operation, the other based on a Comlinear op-amp which gave fast rise times (9 ns) before the signal was trapped by a boxcar signal averager. Test systems clearly showed that the instrument response is no longer limited by the quality factor of the cavity but by the laser pulse width and jitter. Strong, spin-polarized EPR signals from the photolysis of dimethoxyphenylacetophenone, which were well separated due to their large g-factor difference, were distinguished at sampling delay times as early as 10 ns after the laser flash producing the radicals. A sensitivity comparison to X-band is made using the acetone/2-propanol system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144208
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