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  • Articles  (47)
  • Springer  (47)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Geosciences  (25)
  • Computer Science  (22)
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  • Articles  (47)
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 55 (1995), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: Interval analysis ; range computation ; inclusion monotonicity ; Bernstein coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bekanntlich ist der Wertebereich eines Polynomsf über einem Intervall durch den kleinsten und größten Koeffizienten vonf bezüglich der Bernstein Basis auf dem Intervall eingeschränkt. Dadurch wird eine IntervallerweiterungF vonf definiert, die sogenannte Bernstein Form. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, daß die Bernstein Form inklusionsmonoton ist, d. h. wenn.X⊇Y dannF(X)⊇F(Y).
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that the range of polynomialf over an interval is bounded by the smallest and the largest coefficient off with respect to the Bernstein basis over the interval. This defines an interval extensionF off, which is called Bernstein form. In this paper we show that the bernstein form is inclusion monotone, i.e.X⊇Y impliesF(X)⊇F(Y).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 12 (1978), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Fungi ; Soil ecology ; Sustainable agriculture ; Tillage ; Prairie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Amounts of fungal biomass in adjacent cultivated and uncultivated soils in central Iowa were estimated and compared by quantifying soil ergosterol concentrations and lengths of fungal hyphae present. Both indices of fungal biomass, with one exception, indicated that there was at least twice as much fungal biomass in uncultivated soil as in cultivated soil. Levels of microbial biomass carbon in uncultivated soils were also determined to be at least twice that in cultivated soils. Data collected in this study indicate that fungi may be more significantly affected by agricultural soil management practices than other components of the soil microbial community. For two of the soils examined, calculated estimates denote that fungal biomass carbon represented approximately 20% of the total microbial biomass carbon in cultivated soil and about 33% of the microbial biomass carbon in uncultivated soil. Results of this study indicate that conventional agricultural practices result in a significant reduction of fungal biomass production in soil. Implications of differences in fungal biomass between the soils are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 53 (1994), S. 323-335 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: Nonlinear equation systems ; interval arithmetic ; safe starting regions ; tightening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Startintervallen mit garantierter Konvergenz für ein gegebenes nichtlineares Gleichungssystem vorgestellt. Die Methode ist eine verbesserung der gebräuchlichen, auf dem Fixpunkt Theorem basierenden Methode. Die Verbesserung wird durch Einschließen der Komponenten des Gleichungssystems durch univariate Intervallpolynome, deren Lösungsmengen berechnet werden, erzielt. Diese Operation wird “Einengung” genannt. Erste experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Einengung im allgemeinen die Anzahl der Intervallhalbierungen und somit die Rechenzeit reduziert. Die Reduktion scheint umso signifikanter, je höher die Anzahl der Variablen ist.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we present a method for finding safe starting regions for a given system of non-linear equations. The method is an improvement of the usual method which is based on the fixed point theorem. The improvement is obtained by enclosing the components of the equation system by univariante interval polynomials whose zero sets are found. This operation is called “tightening”. Preliminary experiments show that the tightening operation usually reduces the number of bisections, and thus the computing time. The reduction seems to become more dramatic when the number of variables increases.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 31 (1940), S. 198-205 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 33 (1943), S. 444-445 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 34 (1943), S. 243-270 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegen die Einpassung des afrikanischen Werdeganges in den Rahmen eines uralten ONO gerichteten Felderbaues der Kruste werden Bedenken geltend gemacht. Einer Deutung der Großtektonik im Sinne der Verschiebungstheorie wird der Vorzug gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 69 (1980), S. 452-472 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Large amounts of methane and carbon dioxide, among other gases, are dissolved in the deep water of Lake Kivu. There is no dispute about the primarily magmatic origin of the carbon dioxide, but models of the genesis of the methane have been contradictory up to now. They have been based on too few and partly too inaccurate data. On the basis of new measurements obtained from gas and sediment samples, some of the old concepts have been further developed to a new model. According to this model, the methane is generated mainly by bacteria from the organic carbon of the sediment. It probably also contains minor amounts of thermocatalytic methane. About 70% of the organic carbon of the upper sediment is derived from mainly magmatic carbon dioxide (“old” carbon), which enters the biozone of the lake from the deep water by eddy diffusion and is assimilated there. The remaining 30% comes from atmospheric carbon dioxide (“young” carbon) assimilated in the biozone. But because methane also migrates into the lake from deeper sediment, the14C-content in the methane dissolved in the lake water is not 30% modern but only ca. 10% modern. More isotopic measurements on plankton, methane, carbon dioxide and sediment samples are necessary to support this model.
    Abstract: Résumé De grandes quantités de méthane et d'oxyde carbonique sont dissoutes dans les eaux profondes du Lac Kicu. Alors qu'on est en général d'accord sur l'origine surtout magmatique de l'oxyde carbonique, les modèles devant représenter la genése du méthane sont contradictoires. Ils reposent sur des données trop peu nombreuses et en partie trop inexactes. A l'aide de nouveaux résultats de mesures faites sur des échantillons de gaz et du sédiment, on a développé un nouveau modèle, à partir des anciennes représentations. D'après celui-ci, le méthane provient pour sa plus grande part du carbone organique du sédiment, transformé par des bactéries. Il contient probablement des traces d'un méthane de thermocatalyse. Le carbone organique du sédiment supérieur provient pour 70% de l'oxyde carbonique surtout magmatique (carbone »ancien«), des eaux profondes parvenu, par échanges turbulents, dans la biozone du lac, où l'oxyde carbonique est assimilé. Les 30% restant proviennent de l'oxyde carbonique atmosphérique (carbone »jeune«) assimilé dans la biozone. Le méthane des couches profondes du sédiment migrant dans le lac, la teneur en14C de méthane dissous dans les eaux du lac n'est pas de 30% modernes, mais de 10% modernes. D'autres recherches sur les isotopes d'échantillons du plancton, du méthane, de l'oxyde carbonique et du sédiment du Lac Kivu seront nécessaires pour confirmer ce modéle.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Tiefenwasser des Kivusees sind u. a. große Mengen an Methan und Kohlendioxid gelöst. Während über den hauptsächlich magmatischen Ursprung des Kohlendioxids weitgehend Einigkeit besteht, sind die bisherigen Modellvorstellungen zur Genese des Methans widersprüchlich. Sie beruhen auf zu wenigen und zum Teil zu ungenauen Meß-daten. Mit Hilfe neuer Meßergebnisse an Gas- und Sedimentproben des Kivusees wurden einige der alten Vorstellungen zu einem neuen Modell weiterentwickelt. Danach ist das Methan hauptsächlich bakteriell aus dem organischen Kohlenstoff des Sediments entstanden. Wahrscheinlich enthält es auch geringe Beimengungen thermokatalytischen Methans. Der organische Kohlenstoff des oberen Sediments stammt zu rd. 70% aus dem vorwiegend magmatischen Kohlendioxid („alter“ Kohlenstoff), das aus dem Tiefenwasser durch turbulenten Austausch in die Biozone des Sees gelangt und dort assimiliert wird. Die restlichen 30% stammen aus dem in der Biozone assimilierten atmosphärischen Kohlendioxid („junger“ Kohlenstoff). Weil jedoch auch Methan aus tieferen Sedimentschichten in den See wandert, beträgt der14C-Gehalt des im Seewasser gelösten Methans nicht 30% modern, sondern nur ca. 10% modern. Weitere Isotopenuntersuchungen an Plankton-, Methan-, Kohlendioxid- und Sedimentproben sind notwendig, um das Modell abzusichern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 20 (1995), S. 95-117 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Inductive Logic Programming ; Bias Shift ; Predicate Invention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The task of predicate invention in Inductive Logic Programming is to extend the hypothesis language with new predicates if the vocabulary given initially is insufficient for the learning task. However, whether predicate invention really helps to make learning succeed in the extended language depends on the language bias currently employed. In this paper, we investigate for which commonly employed language biases predicate invention is an appropriate shift operation. We prove that for some restricted languages predicate invention does not help when the learning task fails and we characterize the languages for which predicate invention is useful. We investigate the decidability of the bias shift problem for these languages and discuss the capabilities of predicate invention as a bias shift operation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 20 (1995), S. 95-117 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Inductive Logic Programming ; Bias Shift ; Predicate Invention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The task of predicate invention in Inductive Logic Programming is to extend the hypothesis language with new predicates if the vocabulary given initially is insufficient for the learning task. However, whether predicate invention really helps to make learning succeed in the extended language depends on the language bias currently employed. In this paper, we investigate for which commonly employed language biases predicate invention is an appropriate shift operation. We prove that for some restricted languages predicate invention does not help when the learning task fails and we characterize the languages for which predicate invention is useful. We investigate the decidability of the bias shift problem for these languages and discuss the capabilities of predicate invention as a bias shift operation.
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