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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave properties of pulsed laser deposited Sc-doped barium hexaferrite films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4981-4983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of thick BaScxFe12−xO19 (0.3〈x〈0.6) scandium hexaferrite films were measured by static and microwave field techniques. Films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation onto c-plane sapphire at oxygen pressures of 20 and 50 mTorr. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements as corroborated by x-ray data showed that the films below 3 μm had easy axis of magnetization (c-axis) normal to the film plane with saturation magnetization values of 3.0–3.8 kG. From the ferrimagnetic resonance frequency versus external magnetic field, we deduced a g value of 1.96±0.03 and uniaxial anisotropy field of ∼10 kOe. The ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth for the film thicker than 5 μm was maximum at 32 GHz and decreased with increasing frequency, indicating evidence for nonuniform magnetic field scattering internally. However, the linewidths were lower for films having thickness below 3 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373222
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    A multidimensional platform for the purification of non-coding RNA species (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: A renewed interest in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has led to the discovery of novel RNA species and post-transcriptional ribonucleoside modifications, and an emerging appreciation for the role of ncRNA in RNA epigenetics. Although much can be learned by amplification-based analysis of ncRNA sequence and quantity, there is a significant need for direct analysis of RNA, which has led to numerous methods for purification of specific ncRNA molecules. However, no single method allows purification of the full range of cellular ncRNA species. To this end, we developed a multidimensional chromatographic platform to resolve, isolate and quantify all canonical ncRNAs in a single sample of cells or tissue, as well as novel ncRNA species. The applicability of the platform is demonstrated in analyses of ncRNA from bacteria, human cells and plasmodium-infected reticulocytes, as well as a viral RNA genome. Among the many potential applications of this platform are a system-level analysis of the dozens of modified ribonucleosides in ncRNA, characterization of novel long ncRNA species, enhanced detection of rare transcript variants and analysis of viral genomes.
    Keywords: RNA characterisation and manipulation
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Automated seismic waveform location using Multichannel Coherency Migration (MCM)–II. Application to induced and volcano-tectonic seismicity (2018)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Summary〈/div〉Locating microseismic events is essential for many areas of seismology including volcano and earthquake monitoring and reservoir engineering. Due to the large number of microseismic events in these settings, an automated seismic location method is required to perform real time seismic monitoring. The measurement environment requires a precise and noise-resistant event location method for seismic monitoring. In this paper, we apply Multichannel Coherency Migration (MCM) to automatically locate microseismic events of induced and volcano-tectonic seismicity using sparse and irregular monitoring arrays. Compared to other migration-based methods, in spite of the often sparse and irregular distribution of the monitoring arrays, the MCM can show better location performance and obtain more consistent location results with the catalogue obtained by manual picking. Our MCM method successfully locates many triggered volcano-tectonic events with local magnitude smaller that 0, which demonstrates its applicability on locating very small earthquakes. Our synthetic event location example at a carbon capture and storage site shows that continuous and coherent drilling noise in industrial settings will pose great challenges for source imaging. However, automatic quality control techniques including filtering in the frequency domain and weighting are used to automatically select high quality data, and can thus effectively reduce the effects of continuous drilling noise and improve source imaging quality. The location performance of the MCM method for synthetic and real microseismic datasets demonstrates that the MCM method can perform as a reliable and automatic seismic waveform analysis tool to locate microseismic events.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 2051-1965
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
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    Lagged climatic effects on carbon fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and postpone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes, but this lagged effect is often ignored. In this study, we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China, including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia (Neimeng site, NM), an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai (Haibei site, HB) and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet (Dangxiong site, DX), to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO 2 exchange. Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands. In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors, we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them ‘yearly’ statistics in this study. To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the carbon fluxes, the climatic ‘yearly’ statistics were kept still and the ‘yearly’ statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time. Important Findings Soil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine HB and DX, respectively, while the NM site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor. The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months, even half a year lag effects on CO 2 exchange at the three studied sites, while moisture’s effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner, except at NM. In general, the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem. Our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate, so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability. An improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Differentially expressed glycosylated patterns of {alpha}-1-antitrypsin as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of lung cancer (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-30
    Description: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. Thus, there is a critical need for diagnostic biomarkers with adequate sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer detection. Glycans in glycoproteins are significantly altered in cancer, and may serve as a tool for identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers. Recent studies have reported changes in α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) glycosylation in lung cancer serum, tissue and cell lines. In this study, a lectin microarray was used to detect glycosylation changes in serum A1AT from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and benign pulmonary diseases. Differentially expressed glycosylated patterns of A1AT were identified by lectin arrays and were confirmed by lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that galactosylated A1AT could distinguish non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from benign pulmonary diseases (AUC = 0.834); fucosylated A1AT showed exceptional capability in distinguishing ADC from benign diseases (AUC = 0.919) or other lung cancer subtypes (AUC = 0.844), and A1AT containing poly-LacNAc could detect SCLC from benign diseases (AUC = 0.905) or NSCLC (AUC = 0.707). The present study indicates that glycosylated patterns of A1AT may serve as potential biomarkers for detection of lung cancer. Further studies in larger sample sizes are necessary to validate the clinical utility of these markers.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Soft x-ray ptychography studies of nanoscale magnetic and structural correlations in thin SmCo5 films (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-03
    Description: High spatial resolution magnetic x-ray spectromicroscopy at x-ray photon energies near the cobalt L 3 resonance was applied to probe an amorphous 50 nm thin SmCo 5 film prepared by off-axis pulsed laser deposition onto an x-ray transparent 200 nm thin Si 3 N 4 membrane. Alternating gradient magnetometry shows a strong in-plane anisotropy and an only weak perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which is confirmed by magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy images showing over a field of view of 10  μ m a primarily stripe-like domain pattern but with local labyrinth-like domains. Soft x-ray ptychography in amplitude and phase contrast was used to identify and characterize local magnetic and structural features over a field of view of 1  μ m with a spatial resolution of about 10 nm. There, the magnetic labyrinth domain patterns are accompanied by nanoscale structural inclusions that are primarily located in close proximity to the magnetic domain walls. Our analysis suggests that these inclusions are nanocrystalline Sm 2 Co 17 phases with nominally in-plane magnetic anisotropy.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Hearing Aid for Vertebrates via Multiple Episodic Adaptive Events on Prestin Genes (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-23
    Description: Auditory detection is essential for survival and reproduction of vertebrates, yet the genetic changes underlying the evolution and diversity of hearing are poorly documented. Recent discoveries concerning prestin , which is responsible for cochlear amplification by electromotility, provide an opportunity to redress this situation. We identify prestin genes from the genomes of 14 vertebrates, including three fishes, one amphibian, one lizard, one bird, and eight mammals. An evolutionary analysis of these sequences and 34 previously known prestin genes reveals for the first time that this hearing gene was under positive selection in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of tetrapods. This discovery might document the genetic basis of enhanced high sound sensibility in tetrapods. An investigation of the adaptive gain and evolution of electromotility, an important evolutionary innovation for the highest hearing ability of mammals, detects evidence for positive selections on the MRCA of mammals, therians, and placentals, respectively. It is suggested that electromotility determined by prestin might initially appear in the MRCA of mammals, and its functional improvements might occur in the MRCA of therian and placental mammals. Our patch clamp experiments further support this hypothesis, revealing the functional divergence of voltage-dependent nonlinear capacitance of prestin from platypus, opossum, and gerbil. Moreover, structure-based cdocking analyses detect positively selected amino acids in the MRCA of placental mammals that are key residues in sulfate anion transport. This study provides new insights into the adaptation and functional diversity of hearing sensitivity in vertebrates by evolutionary and functional analysis of the hearing gene prestin .
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Weak orders on multichannel information spaces and their applications in evaluating (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-06
    Description: In this paper, the problems of binary relations on one special subspace of n -dimensional fuzzy number space and their applications in ranking imprecise multidimensional digital information are investigated. Some binary relations on the fuzzy number subspace or on a bounded subset of the subspace are defined; their characteristics are discussed and their properties are studied. It is shown that they are weak orders on the subspace or on a bounded subset of the subspace. Practical examples are included to demonstrate how to evaluate items which possess multidimensional and imprecise or uncertain attributes using the new ideas of weak orders.
    Print ISSN: 0265-0754
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-6887
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Independent Birth of a Novel TRIMCyp in Tupaia belangeri with a Divergent Function from Its Paralog TRIM5 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-26
    Description: The origin of novel genes and their evolutionary fates are long-standing questions in evolutionary biology. These questions become more complicated for genes conserved across various lineages, such as TRIM5 , an antiretroviral restriction factor and a retrovirus capsid sensor in immune signaling. TRIM5 has been subjected to numerous pathogenic challenges and undergone dynamic evolution, making it an excellent example for studying gene diversification. Previous studies among several species showed that TRIM5 gained genetic and functional novelty in a lineage-specific manner, either through gene duplication or a cyclophilin A retrotransposing into the TRIM5 locus, creating the gene fusion known as TRIM5-Cyclophilin A ( TRIMCyp ). To date, the general pattern of TRIM5 across the mammalian lineage remains elusive. In this study, we surveyed 36 mammalian genomes to verify a potentially novel TRIM5 pattern that uniquely seems to have occurred in tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri ), and found that both gene duplication and retrotransposition worked jointly to form a specific TRIM5/TRIMCyp cluster not found among other mammals. Evolutionary analyses showed that tree shrew TRIMCyp ( tsTRIMCyp ) originated independently in comparison with previously reported TRIMCyps and underwent strong positive selection, whereas no signal of positive selection was detected for other tree shrew TRIM5 ( tsTRIM5 ) genes. Functional assay results suggest a functional divergence between tsTRIMCyp and its closest paralog TRIM5-4 , likely reflecting different fates under diverse evolutionary forces. These findings present a rare example of novel gene origination resulting from a combination of gene duplication, retrotransposition, and exon shuffling processes, providing a new paradigm to study genetic innovations and evolutionary fates of duplicated genes.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Variable selection in regression with compositional covariates (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-25
    Description: Motivated by research problems arising in the analysis of gut microbiome and metagenomic data, we consider variable selection and estimation in high-dimensional regression with compositional covariates. We propose an 1 regularization method for the linear log-contrast model that respects the unique features of compositional data. We formulate the proposed procedure as a constrained convex optimization problem and introduce a coordinate descent method of multipliers for efficient computation. In the high-dimensional setting where the dimensionality grows at most exponentially with the sample size, model selection consistency and $\ell _{\infty }$ bounds for the resulting estimator are established under conditions that are mild and interpretable for compositional data. The numerical performance of our method is evaluated via simulation studies and its usefulness is illustrated by an application to a microbiome study relating human body mass index to gut microbiome composition.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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