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  • Springer  (210)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (18)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of surface morphology in wafer bonding (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The strain patterns detected by x-ray topography in wafers bonded for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology were found related to the flatness nonuniformity of the original wafers. Local stresses due to the bonding process are estimated to be about 1×108 dynes/cm2. The stress is reduced about 100 times for the thin (0.5 μm) SOI films. Most of the wafer deformation occurs during room temperature mating of the wafers. The deformation is purely elastic even at 1200 °C. The magnitude of the stress appears insignificant for complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347760
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and related compounds (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 4040-4043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of CH2OH, CH3O, and their cations. The resulting G2 adiabatic ionization potential for CH3O of 10.78 eV supports the new value of 10.726±0.008 eV reported by Ruscic and Berkowitz [J. Chem. Phys. 95, xxxx (1991)] from a photoionization study. A previous photoelectron result of 7.37±0.03 eV is probably an incorrect assignment. The G2 ionization potential for CH2OH is 7.45 eV, consistent with the experimental value of 7.55 eV. The calculated O–H and C–H bond dissociation energies of CH3OH are 105.0 and 96.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The results suggest that the D0(H–CH2OH) from kinetics measurements may be too low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147712
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 452-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The detailed design of the magnetic diagnostic for ITER is presented. The system consists of groups of pickup coils and flux loops on the vessel wall, the back plate, and the divertor. These sensors provide the measurements for the equilibrium reconstruction and the fluctuation analysis. The system is supplemented by Rogowski coils for halo current measurements and by a diamagnetic loop. The complete system meets the measurement requirements, matching those of contemporary large divertor tokamaks. The maximum radiation exposure is such that the sensors will survive for the lifetime of the ITER. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ITER physics program and implications for plasma measurements (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1250-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148221
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-pulse analog integration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2679-2682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The presence of variable offsets at the input stage of analog integrators produces drifts in the output which limit the duration for which integration can be carried out at specified accuracy. In this article an integration system is demonstrated, accurate to within a few millivoltseconds over a time scale of several hours, with no special temperature control of the environment. The principle is to alternate between two individual integrators. While one integrates the signal, the other performs a drift measurement. This provides information sufficient to construct a continuous integral, and to perform time-dependent drift compensation. Estimates are given to show that the scheme could meet the magnetic diagnostic requirements of the next generation long-pulse devices for the magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasmas. Modifications to the system tested are suggested, which could significantly further extend the period of accurate integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143855
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the energy content of the JET tokamak plasma with a diamagnetic loop (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2087-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An accurate and reliable measurement of poloidal β is essential to assess the performances of Joint European Torus (JET). The diamagnetic loop can measure β values as low as 0.1 in JET discharges with a plasma current larger than 2×106 A. The instrumentation used includes a flux loop rigidly fitted on a toroidal field (TF) coil, a large Rogowski coil measuring the TF busbar current, and a displacement gauge measuring the TF coil expansion. The fluxes to be compensated originate, in order of importance, from the TF current, the eddy current in the vessel, the TF coil expansion, and the stray coupling with the poloidal fields. The TF and eddy currents must be particularly well compensated on JET since the plasma current starts before the toroidal field has reached its plateau value. Comparison between the diamagnetic and other evaluations of β shows a good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138747
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in aerobic chemostat cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aerobic; chemostat; growth kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultivations were conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains NRRL Y132, ATCC 4126 and CBS 8066, using a complex medium. At low dilution rates all three strains utilised glucose oxidatively with high biomass yield coefficients, no ethanol production and very low steady-state residual glucose concentrations in the culture. Above a threshold dilution rate, respiro-fermentative (oxido-reductive) metabolism commenced, with simultaneous respiration and fermentation occurring, which is typical of Crabtree-positive yeasts. However, at high dilution rates the three strains responded differently. At high dilution rates S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 produced 7–8 g ethanol L−1 from 20 g glucose L−1 with concomitant low levels of residual glucose, which increased markedly only close to the wash-out dilution rate. By contrast, in the respiro-fermentative region both S. cerevisiae ATCC 4126 and NRRL Y132 produced much lower levels of ethanol (3–4 g L−1) than S. cerevisiae CBS 8066, concomitant with very high residual sugar concentrations, which was a significant deviation from Monod kinetics and appeared to be associated either with high growth rates or with a fermentative (or respiro-fermentative) metabolism. Supplementation of the cultures with inorganic or organic nutrients failed to improve ethanol production or glucose assimilation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 231–236.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900813
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A variable-depth search algorithm for the recursive bipartitioning of signal flow graphs (1995)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 159-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Graph partitioning ; local search ; real timevideo signal processing ; Graphen-Partitionierung ; Lokale Suche ; Real-time Videosignalverarbeitung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Videoalgorithmen transformieren Videosignale, also die zur Bilderzeugung notwendigen Informationseinheiten, um Bildqualität oder die Möglichkeiten spezieller Features, wie Teletext oder Bild-in-Bild-Wiedergabe, zu erhöhen. Eigene, anwendungsspezifische und häufig nur einem Videoalgorithmus zuteilbare, schnelle Videosignalprozessoren sind für die Ausführung von Videoalgorithmen verantwortlich. Die Zuordnung der Algorithmen und Prozessoren ist, aufgrund der großen Zahl zu beachtender Restriktionen, ein NP-schweres Problem, so daß eine Aufspaltung in die drei Teilprobleme Terminierung, Partitionierung und Scheduling von Operationen sinnvoll wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden das Partitionierungsproblem und die Beschreibung von Videoalgorithmen mittels Signalflußgraphen betrachtet. Ein auf lokaler Suche basierendes Lösungsverfahren erzeugt rekursiv Bipartitionen des Graphen, die komplexe Nachbarschaften variabler Tiefe generieren. Rechenergebnisse zeigen, daß die vielzitierte Universalität und Flexibilität lokaler Suchverfahren erfolgreich zur Lösung schwieriger, stark restringierter Probleme genutzt werden können.
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the use of local search techniques for mapping video algorithms onto programmable high-performance video signal processors. The mapping problem is very complex due to many constraints that need to be satisfied in order to obtain a feasible solution. The complexity is reduced by decomposing the mapping problem into three subproblems, namely delay management, partitioning, and scheduling. We present the partitioning problem and the representation of video algorithms by signal flow graphs. Furthermore, we propose a solution strategy that is based on recursive bipartitioning of these graphs. The bipartitions are generated using a variable-depth search algorithm. The results demonstrate that the frequently cited flexibility of local search techniques can be successfully exploited in handling complicated problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719261
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientational birefringence of uniaxially compressed PMMA networks in the unswollen state (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 708-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: PMMA ; association ; photoelasticity ; optical anisotropy ; crosslinking density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Swollen PMMA networks show significant deviations from the theory of rubber elasticity. The unusual mechanical, optical and swelling properties have been explained by the existence of associations, well known for PMMA solutions. Unswollen PMMA networks show stress optical properties which are very similar to the networks swollen in carbon tetrachloride which is known as a strong complexing solvent. This indicates that associations exist in the bulk material. Swelling in carbon tetrachloride does not change the content of associations, only the glass transition temperature is reduced. Increasing the amount of crosslinking agent proves that the stress optical coefficient depends on the crosslinking density. This is contrary to the theoretical predictions. An explanation given by the effect of short network chains is not satisfactory. However, the consideration of a crosslinking chain instead of a crosslinking point gives a sufficient explanation. An oriented crosslinking chain gives a positive contribution to the total optical anisotropy while a PMMA chain shows a change from negative values (hindered rotation) to positive values (free rotation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422851
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