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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Phytochrome localisation ; Avena ; Immunochemistry ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have analysed the intracellular localisation of phytochrome in oat coleoptile cells by electron microscopy and confirm and extend light-microscopical findings of previous authors. We used indirect immuno-labeling with polyclonal antibodies against 60-KDa phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings, and a gold-coupled second antibody, on ultrathin sections of LR-white-embedded material. In dark-grown seedlings, phytochrome-labeling is distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Organelles and membranes are not labeled. After photoconversion of the red-absorbing form of phytochrome to the far-red absorbing form (Pfr) (5-min red light; 660 nm), the label is sequestered uniquely in electron-dense areas within the cytoplasm. These areas are irregularly shaped, are often located in the vicinity of the vacuole, are not surrounded by a membrane, exclude cellular organelles and ribosomes and are not found in dark-grown material; an immediate 5-min farred light pulse after the red light does not cause these structures to disappear. After a dark period of 3–4 h following red-light irradiation, these electron-dense structures disappear together with any specific labeling. We suggest a Pfr-induced aggregation of an unknown, phytochrome-binding protein or proteins.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 392-400 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Phytochrome destruction ; Phytochrome synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytochrome content, the rate of phytochrome accumulation after a light/dark transition and the rate of phytochrome destruction after a 1.5 d reaccumulation period in darkness were measured in light grown Avena sativa L. seedlings. The results using spectrophotometrical methods (Norflurazon treated seedlings) and the radio-immunoassay (RIA) (green seedlings) were almost identical. The rate of phytochrome synthesis was analysed by measuring the activity of poly(A+)-RNA coding for the phytochrome apoprotein. It was demonstrated that the rate of phytochrome synthesis is different in light and in dark. These results were confirmed by measuring the incorporation of radioactive label in vivo. Five minutes red (and 5 min far-red) light strongly reduces the rate of phytochrome synthesis. Even after prolonged dark periods only 50% of the initial rate of phytochrome synthesis is recovered for light and dark grown seedlings which received one red light pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 224-230 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Coleoptile growth ; Mesocotyl growth ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of continuous red and far-red light and of brief light pulses on the growth kinetics of the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and primary leaf of intact oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings were investigated. Mesocotyl lengthening is strongly inhibited, even by very small amounts of Pfr, the far-red light absorbing form of phytochrome (e.g., by [Pfr]≈0.1% of total phytochrome, established by a 756-nm light pulse). Coleoptile growth is at first promoted by Pfr, but apparently inhibited later. This inhibition is correlated in time with the rupturing of the coleoptile tip by the primary leaf, the growth of which is also promoted by phytochrome. The growth responses of all three seedling organs are fully reversible by far-red light. The apparent lack of photoreversibility observed by some previous investigators of the mesocotyl inhibition can be explained by an extremely high sensitivity to Pfr. Experiments with different seedling parts failed to demonstrate any further obvious interorgan relationship in the light-mediated growth responses of the mesocotyl and coleoptile. The organspecific growth kinetics, don't appear to be influenced by Pfr destruction. Following an irradiation, the growth responses are quantitatively determined by the level of Pfr established at the onset of darkness rather than by the actual Pfr level present during the growth period.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 154 (1982), S. 231-240 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Phytochrome ; Coleoptile growth ; High irradiance reaction ; Light and growth ; Mesocotyl growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluence rate response curves for light-induced inhibition of mesocotyl growth and promotion of coleoptile growth in etiolated Avena sativa L. (cv. Victory) were developed. The irradiation time was 24 h. Fluence rates between 10-6 and 105 nmol m-2s-1 and 30 wavelengths between 563 and 1,093 nm were used. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Both organs exhibit a low fluence rate response as well as a high fluence rate response. 2. The mesocotyl response is more sensitive to light than the coleoptile response. 3. The low fluence rate response of the mesocotyl shows a threshold of sensitivity at about 10-7 nmol m-2s-1 (i.e., total fluence of 5·10-2 nmol m-2 during the experiment) in the red and a saturation (about 70% inhibition of growth) at 10-4 nmol m-2s-1 (50 nmol m-2). 4. The action spectrum for the low fluence rate response parallels the Pr absorption spectrum. Alterations induced by screening are discussed. 5. The action spectrum demonstrates an exponential decrease in apparent photoconversion cross-section (Pr→Pfr) up to about 800 nm. Between 800 and 1,093 nm the photoconversion cross-section is only weakly dependent on wavelength. 6. The action spectrum for the high fluence rate response shows a broad peak in the red, a trough at 723 nm, and a sharp peak at 740–750 nm.
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