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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (19)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • Springer Nature  (9)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-consistent domain theory in soft-ferromagnetic media. II. Basic domain structures in thin-film objects (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 1104-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A construction method for determining the domain structure in ideally soft-ferromagnetic cylindrical objects with plane-parallel top and bottom surfaces of arbitrary shape is presented. The self-consistent theory is confined to two-dimensional solenoidal dipole distributions in which the dipoles are parallel to the top and bottom surfaces. It is proved that the basic domain structure is uniquely defined in simply connected objects, while an extra criterion has to be added in order to guarantee the uniqueness in the multiply connected ones. The treatment is based on differential geometrical principles. The object edge is partitioned into segments, in which each segment is situated in between two adjacent edge points where the radii of curvature of convex edge segments are locally minimal. To each edge segment, a region is attributed, in which M is uniquely specified by the course of M along that edge segment. In the cross section of regions corresponding to different edge segments, domain walls provide an adequate separation of the dipole distribution imposed by these segments. The extremities of these domain walls are found in the singular points of the evolute corresponding to the extremities of the edge segments and in the points where a number of walls meet. It is proved that the basic domain structure is the locus of centers of all circles inside the object that touch the object edge at at least two points. A number of experimentally observed basic structures are given, and the relevance of the definition of basic structures in multiply connected objects is examined. OFF
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337352
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of the three-dimensional solenoidal magnetization configurations in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4330-4332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method for constructing three-dimensional solenoidal magnetization distributions, with invariant magnitude of m, in arbitrarily shaped objects is presented. The formalism harks back to the theory developed by van den Berg for two-dimensional m distributions. The space within a general object Ω is partitioned into i subspaces Ωi, described by a family of surfaces to which the magnetization is tangent. A characteristic equation which defines the course of m at each of the surfaces is derived. A boundary condition for m arises naturally, or can be chosen to determine m at the surface. Within the above framework an infinite number of solutions are generated that, in general, exhibit singularities. Special attention, also from the topological point of view, is paid to the m distributions having point defects only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340191
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A guarded parallel-plate instrument for measuring the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3466-3474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A description is given of the construction and operating procedure of a parallel-plate apparatus for the measurement of the thermal conductivity coefficient of fluids. This instrument can be operated at pressures up to 150 MPa and at temperatures down to 77 K. The use of platinum resistance temperature sensors allows measurements with temperature differences between upper and lower plate as small as 1 mK, which together with the small plate separation of 155 μm, makes the instrument suitable for both the normal fluid region as well as for the region very close to the critical point. The complete working equations for the instrument are presented and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140494
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of cross-tie wall in thin Co films resolved by magnetic force microscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3635-3637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the magnetic domain structure of a thin polycrystalline Co film by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Domain walls of the cross-tie type have been observed for a Co film of 50 nm thickness. Due to the high lateral resolution of MFM we have been able to study the magnetic structure of a single cross tie. We have determined locations of Bloch lines within a domain wall comparing the experimental data with a theoretical model of a cross-tie wall. In order to explain our experimental results we have proposed a model for the interaction between a MFM tip and a cross-tie wall. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115754
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on "Structure of the plasma sheath in collisional to weakly collisional plasmas'' [Phys. Fluids B 2, 647 (1990)] (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1300-1301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently, Zawaideh et al. published a paper [Phys. Fluids B 2, 647 (1990)] asserting that they had obtained, from a more accurate set of fluid equations, physically reasonable plasma sheath solutions of an oscillating nature violating Bohm's criterion. In contrast to this statement, it is shown here that the violation of Bohm's criterion is based on an incorrect interpretation of the plasma sheath concept and that the oscillations are due to an incorrect initial condition in the calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859823
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of argon in the critical region (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6944-6963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the thermal conductivity of argon at temperatures from 302 K down to 150.8 K and at densities up to 25 mol L−1. The data were obtained with a steady-state method and we employed a guarded parallel-plate apparatus designed especially for investigating the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region. To interpret the data in the critical region a scaled crossover equation of state for argon in the critical region has been constructed. Equations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of argon as a function of density and temperature are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468322
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of methane in the critical region (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 10535-10555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the thermal conductivity of methane at temperatures from 308 K down to 190.585 K, which is just 21 mK above the critical temperature, and at densities up to 14 mol L−1. The data were obtained with an improved guarded parallel-plate cell with a new cryostat that was built especially for measurements in the critical region of methane. The new experimental data have a higher accuracy than those reported previously in the literature and enable us to examine the validity of the currently available theoretical description of the asymptotic and nonasymptotic behavior of the thermal conductivity of fluids in the critical region. Equations for the thermal conductivity of methane in a wide range of temperatures and densities are also presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472943
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-consistent domain theory in soft ferromagnetic media. I. Solenoidal distributions in elliptical thin-film elements (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 2168-2173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The basic concepts of a self-consistent domain theory for the class of ideal soft ferromagnetic media is unfolded. The treatment is based on micromagnetic equilibrium and stability equations which are simplified by removing the contributions due to the intrinsic anisotropy and the spatial variation term in the exchange energy density. Only the solenoidal magnetization distributions in thin film objects are investigated. This limitation makes confinement to two-dimensional dipole distributions possible. Cauchy's method of characteristics is employed to derive dipole distributions that satisfy the relation ∇⋅M=0, where M is the magnetization, and the constitutive equation. It is proved that the characteristic base curves are straight lines perpendicular to the magnetization vector. In an ellipse, four different characteristic base curves that do not coincide intersect at one single point in certain regions, thus generating ambiguities in the magnetization direction. It is demonstrated that these ambiguities originate in the incompatibility of the magnetization distribution that is imposed by the various segments of the edge of the ellipse. Based on differential geometrical principles, a partitioning of the edge into segments is introduced, and along with it two adjoining regions in which the magnetization direction is uniquely determined are defined. It is proved that a domain wall is required in the cross section of both regions to accomplish a dipole configuration in stable equilibrium. Experimental confirmation is given by means of the ferrofluid pattern of a 3500-A(ring)-thick Permalloy layer with elliptical geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334357
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contactless potentiometer based on giant magnetoresistance sensors : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4310-4312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a magnetic sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, which can be used as a contactless potentiometer. The sensor consists of a novel GMR sensor scheme with an artificial antiferromagnetic subsystem. The sensor gives a sinusoidal signal in dependence on the direction of a rotating external magnetic field Hrot. With two sensors in a planar setup, the whole 360° angle range can easily be covered. The amplitude ΔR/R of the signal is about 5%. The signal amplitude runs through a very flat maximum and changes only by 5% within a field range of about 4.4–27.2 kA/m. This large field range, the magnetic window (Hw), is the main advantage of this sensor compared to other magnetic sensor physical principles for contactless potentiometers. Therefore, large mounting tolerances and variations in the field strength of the rotating permanent magnet can be accepted. The temperature dependence of the sensor is linear both for the ground resistance (R0) and the signal amplitude (ΔR), allowing simple and effective electronic temperature compensation. The sensor can be operated up to 150 °C. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364811
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal conductivity of an equimolar methane–ethane mixture in the critical region (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 717-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured the thermal conductivity of an equimolar mixture of methane and ethane in the vicinity of the critical point. The new experimental data confirm that the thermal conductivity of a mixture does not diverge at the critical point but crosses over to a finite limiting behavior at the critical point. A quantitative representation of the thermal-conductivity data has been obtained in terms of a recently developed extension of the mode-coupling theory that incorporates the crossover between the behavior of the thermal conductivity close to and far away from the critical point. The same theory enables us also to predict other transport properties of the mixture in the vicinity of the critical point. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476611
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