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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: High cooling power 4 K cryocoolers are in high demand given their broad applications in such fields as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and low temperature superconductors. ARS has recently designed and developed a high cooling power 4 K pneumatic-drive GM cryocooler which achieves a typical cooling power of 1.75 W/4.2 K. Steady input power of our newly developed helium compressor supplied to the cold head is 11.8 kW at 60 Hz. The operational speed of the cold head is 30 RPM. The effects of geometries and operational conditions on the cooling performance of this 4 K GM cryocooler are also experimentally tested.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: In this work, based on wide bandgap Ga 2 O 3 films, we demonstrated a fully transparent bipolar resistive random access memory (RRAM) device with very high average transmittance of 91.7% in the visible region. The semiconducting In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) films were used as symmetric electrodes to reduce sneak current. Different I-V performance will introduce a change in the overall oxygen vacancy distribution by an opposite polarity of electroforming voltage. The temperature dependent of I-V characteristics will be fitted to the hopping conduction mechanism for both of the high-resistance states (HRS) and low-resistance states (LRS) with semiconducting nature. The activation energy and trap spacing of LRS were lower and shorter than that of HRS. A model of resistive switching mechanism related to correlated barrier hopping theory has been proposed for the fully transparent IGZO/Ga 2 O 3 /IGZO RRAM device.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-08-20
    Description: The hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) films have been fabricated as resistive switching medium by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology. The constructed Ag/nc-Si:H/Pt structure exhibits stable three nonvolatile resistance states. Tristate resistive states with large ratio 10 2 and 10 5 , less variation of resistance, and long retention exceeding 2.3 × 10 5  s are observed in Ag/nc-Si:H/Pt stack. The temperature dependence of high resistance state (HRS) and intermediate resistance state (IRS) both show semiconductor behavior, and the temperature dependence of low resistance state (LRS) represents metallic property. Fitting results demonstrated that the conduction mechanism of HRS, IRS, and LRS showed space charge limited conduction (SCLC), tunneling, and ohmic characteristics, respectively. The discrete Ag filament with Si nanocrystalline and complete Ag filament is proposed to be responsible for the performance IRS and LRS. We supposed that the Ag + ions prefer to be reduced to Ag atoms near the Si nanocrystalline location. Si nanocrystalline between Ag nanoparticles contribute to the current transport at IRS.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-08-21
    Description: The electronic transport properties of molecular bridges constructed by C 60 and B 80 molecules which have the same symmetry are investigated by first principles calculations combined with a non-equilibrium Green's function technique. It is found that, like C 60 , monomer B 80 is a good conductor arising from the charge transfer from the leads to the molecule, while the dimer (B 80 ) 2 and (C 60 ) 2 are both insulators due to the potential barrier formed at the molecule-molecule interface. Our further study shows that, although both the homogeneous dimer (B 80 ) 2 and (C 60 ) 2 display poor conductivity, the heterogeneous dimer B 80 C 60 shows a very high conductance as a result from the decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and the excess charge redistribution. Finally, we find that the conductivity of both (B 80 ) 2 and (C 60 ) 2 can be significantly improved by electron doping, for example, by doping C in (B 80 ) 2 and doping N in (C 60 ) 2 .
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-08-14
    Description: BiFeO 3 thin films were epitaxially grown on (001) GaAs substrate by pulsed laser deposition with Nb doped SrTiO 3 as a buffer layer. Piezoresponse force microscopy images exhibit effective ferroelectric switching of the heterostructure. The temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics of the heterostructure reveal a resistance switching phenomenon and diode-like behavior with a rectifying ratio of 2 × 10 2 at the applied voltage of ±13.4 V. The electrical transport mechanism in the heterostructure has been illustrated by constructing the energy band structure. In addition, the resistance switching behavior in the heterostructure could be explained by the polarization modulation of the depletion region at the interface of the semiconductor and the ferroelectric layers.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: This study explored the effects of drought stress on scattered leaf lettuce seedlings and the effects of different types of polyamines (PAs) on the morphological indexes and antioxidant enzyme activities of scattered leaf lettuce. The drought-sensitive variety “Victoria crispy” was used as the plant material, and 10% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 was used to simulate drought stress. Foliar applications of 0.1 millimoles per litre of three polyamines [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)] were performed at the seedling stage (the control group was sprayed with water). The morphological indices and antioxidant enzyme activity were recorded on the eighth day after treatment. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased the morphological indices of scattered leaf lettuce, and spraying different types of PAs had a mitigating effect. Drought stress significantly reduced the ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: A new type of polyester polyol dispersion with good storage stability was prepared based on a hydrophilic monomer 5-sodium sulfodimethyl isophthalate (5-SIPM), and frequently-used monomers such as neopentyl glycol (NPG), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) by the transpolycondensation and polycondensation method. The polyester polyol dispersion was characterized by FTIR and GPC. The proper content of these monomers were determined by the performance of polyester dispersion: the content of TMP was 15wt%, the content of NPG was 7.5wt% and the hydrophilic monomer 5-SIPM content was 5wt%. Two-component waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU) coatings were prepared by Bayhydur® XP2487/1 and polyester polyol dispersions, which were stored before and after at 40 ° for 6 weeks, the prepared films have no differences in drying time, adhesion, pencil hardness, gloss and chemical resistance, the result also reveals that the polyester polyol dispersi...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: To determine the quality difference in different varieties of leaf lettuces, we investigated the characteristics of 74 varieties of leaf lettuces (55 green and 19 purple varieties). Both domestic and foreign varieties of lettuce were included in this study. We determined six nutritional indicators of these varieties: such as total soluble sugar, starch, cellulose, proteins, and vitamin C. The grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the 74 varieties of leaf lettuces. Thus, the merits of these traits were compared. The results indicate that the purple leaf lettuce P-S23 had grey comprehensive evaluation value of about 0.8, which was the highest among all varieties. For green leaf lettuces G-S68 and G-S10, grey comprehensive evaluation values were less than 0.5. This indicates that nutritional quality and nutritional value of the purple leaf varieties were higher than that of the green leaf varieties. Furthermore, the quality of green varieties of G-S68 and G-S10 were of poor...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) instead of peat for lettuce seedlings could reduce the costs of natural capital. SMS, peat and vermiculite were combined in various ratios. The effects of different mixed seedling substrates on lettuce seedling growth and nutrient content were investigated. The results show that, with increasing SMS content in mixed substrate, height, root length index of lettuce seedling increased, number of leaves was decreased, phosphorus and potassium content of lettuce seedlings was increased gradually. The root length, leaf number, shoots fresh weight, biomass of 50% SMS in mixed substrate was better than other treatments (T3). The above results indicate that SMS mixed substrate can improve the growth of lettuce seedlings, and 50% SMS in mixed substrate was suitable for lettuce seedlings.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: In this experiment, white seed pumpkin ‘Shengzhen No. 1’ was used as rootstock for the oriental sweet melon ( Cucumis melo L. ) ‘Yumeiren’. The fruits of own-rooted melons were used as control. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of grafting on the following parameters: content of free fatty acids and activities of synthetic enzymes (LOX, ADH, and AAT). These parameters were measured in the peel and flesh tissues of oriental sweet melon at different time-points. Due to grafting, the content of oleic acid and linolenic acid decreased in peel tissues of melons at early stages of maturity. Therefore, total contents of free fatty acids were lower than those of control. However, there was no significant difference in the content of three free fatty acids in flesh tissue; this content was lower than that in peel tissue. Due to grafting, enzymatic activities of ADH and AAT decreased in peel tissue of melons; however, these enzymes showed different activities ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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