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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of charge carriers and excitons in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes made from a polysilane polymer as monitored with electroluminescence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 858-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using electroluminescence (EL) as a monitor, we have investigated the behavior of charge carriers injected from electrodes and excitons generated by the recombination of charge carriers in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) as a hole transporting material. Our multilayer LEDs have two or three functional organic layers including Coumarin 6 [3-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin, abbreviated as C6] and/or tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum layers as well as a PMPS layer. When the LEDs were fabricated, two parameters of the C6 layer were changed, the layer thickness (30–120 nm) and the dye concentration (1–100 wt %). We employed a combined analysis of the dependence of the EL spectra on the thickness and dye concentration of the C6 layer, the dye-selective fluorescence spectra and the current–voltage–EL characteristics, to reveal the thickness of the electron–hole capture zone and the behavior of charge carriers and excitons during operation in these LEDs. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360905
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of doping dyes on the electroluminescent characteristics of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8816-8822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the effects of dyes doped in the emitting layer on the electroluminescent characteristics of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using a polysilane polymer, poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS), as the hole transporting material. We formed the emitting layer by dispersing in poly(styrene) (PS), one of four dyes whose fluorescence ranged from blue to orange. Two- or three-layer LEDs were prepared by combining PMPS and dye doped PS layers with the indium tin oxide and aluminum used for the hole and electron injecting electrodes, respectively. The three-layer LEDs had an additional vacuum-deposited tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum layer. The electroluminescent (EL) characteristics of these multilayer organic LEDs, such as the current-voltage–EL intensity curve, the relative EL efficiency, and the EL emitting species, exhibit a marked dependence on the emitting dye. The observed dependence can be described consistently in terms of the dependence of the charge carrier trapping efficiency on the emitting dyes. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroluminescence from multilayer organic light-emitting diodes using poly(methylphenylsilane) as hole transporting material (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2684-2690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the optical and electrical properties of polysilane-based multilayer electroluminescent (EL) devices, utilizing poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) as the hole transporting material, in order to elucidate the mechanism of EL emission in these devices. The EL devices which we fabricated have two or three functional organic layers. These layers are composed of a PMPS layer as well as a 3-(2'-Benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin (Coumarin 6) doped polystyrene (PS) layer and/or a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer. An indium-tin-oxide-coated glass and an Al electrode were used as the hole and the electron injecting electrode, respectively. On the basis of a combined analysis of the basic characteristics of these devices, photoexcited fluorescence spectra and decay curves as well as the band diagram of these devices, we concluded that the recombination of charge carriers and the EL emission in the three-layer device occur both in the Coumarin 6:PS and the evaporated Alq3 layers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360063
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic light-emitting diodes with radio frequency sputter-deposited electron injecting electrodes (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2276-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a successful fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with electron injecting electrodes prepared by the radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique. These LEDs consist of a poly(methylphenylsilane) and a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer successively formed on an indium–tin–oxide coated glass, and either an aluminum or magnesium electron injecting electrode. Substantial improvements were observed in such device characteristics as intensity and durability of electroluminescence for LEDs with an rf-sputter-deposited electrode as compared to those with a vacuum-heat-deposited electrode. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subnanosecond burning of persistent spectral holes by donor-acceptor electron transfer in tetraphenylporphine/p-benzoquinone systems (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1814-1816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first observation of subnanosecond spectral hole burning is reported in tetraphenylporphine/p-benzoquinone embedded in poly(methylmethacrylate) at liquid-helium temperature. The hole formation mechanism is photoinduced one-photon donor-acceptor electron transfer, and is consistent with the mechanism predicted by the reaction exothermicity accompanying the reaction. Spectral holes burnt in the present system disappeared almost completely when the temperature was increased to 20 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroluminescence from triplet excited states of benzophenone (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 224-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the electroluminescent characteristics of organic multilayer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a benzophenone (BP) dispersed poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film as an emitting layer. The electroluminescence (EL) intensity of these LEDs increases with decreasing temperature from 273 to 100 K when they are operated at the same voltages or the same current densities. The EL spectrum of the LEDs, which peaks at around 450 nm, is identical to the phosphorescence spectrum of BP in PMMA. In addition, the EL decay time was determined as 46.8 μs at 100 K by applying a rectangular voltage pulse. These results indicate that the EL of the LED originates from the triplet excited states of BP. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117379
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature near-ultraviolet electroluminescence from a linear silicon chain (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3326-3328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-layer light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using poly[bis(p-butylphenyl)silane] as the emissive layer. An efficient and stable electroluminescence with a maximum at 407 nm was observed at room temperature under a forward electric field greater than 6×105 V/cm. The coincidence of electroluminescence with photoluminescence suggests the origin of the electroluminescence in an excited silicon chain segment. The high external quantum efficiency (0.1% photons/electron), narrow emission (full width at half maximum=15 nm), improved operating stability, and good solubility in organic solvents provide the possibility of using polysilanes for ultraviolet LEDs. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of electron injecting Mg:Ag alloy electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes with radio frequency magnetron sputter deposition (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1611-1613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron injecting electrodes made of magnesium and silver alloys (Mg:Ag) with a wide range of Ag concentration from 0 to 26.6 at. % were successfully fabricated for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by using the radio frequency sputter deposition technique. The LED characteristics such as intensity, turn-on voltage, and durability of electroluminescence were strongly dependent on the Mg:Ag composition. Both the work function and the structural order of these Mg:Ag electrodes played a crucial role in determining the LED characteristics. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117047
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared electroluminescence from an organic ionic dye containing no rare-earth ions (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 3256-3258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of a single-layer light-emitting diode (LED) with an organic functional layer, which is composed of an organic ionic emissive dye, IR1051, an electron transporting material, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, and poly(N-vinylcarbazole). The LED exhibits IR EL in the 0.9–1.5 μm range, which is ascribable to IR1051 with reference to steady-state absorption and photoluminescence measurements. The present study demonstrates a class of IR EL materials containing no rare earth ions and compatible with silicon-based photocircuits. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1476711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3163-3165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photorefractive effect in annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in periodically poled nondoped, MgO- and ZnO-doped LiNbO3 was evaluated by monitoring the quasiphase matching (QPM) wavelength shift induced by a 0.784-μm-irradiating light. The QPM wavelength shift was reduced at room temperature by a factor of 3–6 in ZnO- and MgO-doped samples compared with the nondoped samples within a 104–105-W/cm2-irradiation intensity range. The doped samples exhibited no significant wavelength shifts when the temperature was raised to slightly above room temperature (50–60 °C). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374228
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