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  • Elsevier  (116)
  • Oxford University Press  (16)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (7)
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  • 1
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    Telomere stability and development of ctc1 mutants are rescued by inhibition of EJ recombination pathways in a telomerase-dependent manner (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: The telomeres of linear eukaryotic chromosomes are protected by caps consisting of evolutionarily conserved nucleoprotein complexes. Telomere dysfunction leads to recombination of chromosome ends and this can result in fusions which initiate chromosomal breakage–fusion–bridge cycles, causing genomic instability and potentially cell death or cancer. We hypothesize that in the absence of the recombination pathways implicated in these fusions, deprotected chromosome ends will instead be eroded by nucleases, also leading to the loss of genes and cell death. In this work, we set out to specifically test this hypothesis in the plant, Arabidopsis. Telomere protection in Arabidopsis implicates KU and CST and their absence leads to chromosome fusions, severe genomic instability and dramatic developmental defects. We have analysed the involvement of end-joining recombination pathways in telomere fusions and the consequences of this on genomic instability and growth. Strikingly, the absence of the multiple end-joining pathways eliminates chromosome fusion and restores normal growth and development to cst ku80 mutant plants. It is thus the chromosomal fusions, per se , which are the underlying cause of the severe developmental defects. This rescue is mediated by telomerase-dependent telomere extension, revealing a competition between telomerase and end-joining recombination proteins for access to deprotected telomeres.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Post-GWAS gene-environment interplay in breast cancer: results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium and a meta-analysis on 79 000 women (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: We studied the interplay between 39 breast cancer (BC) risk SNPs and established BC risk (body mass index, height, age at menarche, parity, age at menopause, smoking, alcohol and family history of BC) and prognostic factors (TNM stage, tumor grade, tumor size, age at diagnosis, estrogen receptor status and progesterone receptor status) as joint determinants of BC risk. We used a nested case–control design within the National Cancer Institute's Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3), with 16 285 BC cases and 19 376 controls. We performed stratified analyses for both the risk and prognostic factors, testing for heterogeneity for the risk factors, and case–case comparisons for differential associations of polymorphisms by subgroups of the prognostic factors. We analyzed multiplicative interactions between the SNPs and the risk factors. Finally, we also performed a meta-analysis of the interaction ORs from BPC3 and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. After correction for multiple testing, no significant interaction between the SNPs and the established risk factors in the BPC3 study was found. The meta-analysis showed a suggestive interaction between smoking status and SLC4A7 -rs4973768 ( P interaction = 8.84 x 10 –4 ) which, although not significant after considering multiple comparison, has a plausible biological explanation. In conclusion, in this study of up to almost 79 000 women we can conclusively exclude any novel major interactions between genome-wide association studies hits and the epidemiologic risk factors taken into consideration, but we propose a suggestive interaction between smoking status and SLC4A7 -rs4973768 that if further replicated could help our understanding in the etiology of BC.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Diagnosing student errors in e-Assessment questions (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-06
    Description: We demonstrate how the re-marker and reporter facility of the DEWIS e-Assessment system facilitates the capture, analysis and reporting of student errors using two case studies: logarithms and indices for first-year computing students at the University of the West of England, and Sturm–Liouville problems for second-year mathematics students at Leeds University. The differences in approach needed for error capture for commonly used numerical or algebraic answer inputs are discussed and shown to facilitate efficient capture and reporting of student errors. Not only does such information provide a way to tailor question feedback to address these errors for use by future students, but can be made available to current students by re-marking their answers using the newly identified errors and hence making the improved feedback available to them too.
    Print ISSN: 0268-3679
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-6976
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain and crystallographic orientation effects on interband optical matrix elements and band gaps of [11l ]-oriented III-V epilayers (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2447-2455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a derivation of the 4×4 Luttinger valence band and Bir–Pikus strain Hamiltonians valid for any [11l]-oriented epilayers. It is shown that epitaxial layers grown on substrates oriented in certain of the [11l] directions exhibit anisotropic optical transition matrix elements. This anisotropy is predicted to have its maximum for the (110) surface. For pseudomorphic epitaxial layers, calculations indicate that the zone center band gap of these structures is changed due to the effects of strain, with the largest changes occurring for those structures grown on the (111) surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360098
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence spectroscopy and the effective mass theory of strained (In,Ga)As/GaAs heterostructures grown on (112)B GaAs substrates (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 843-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photoluminescence characteristics of pseudomorphic In0.19Ga0.81As/GaAs quantum well structures grown on both the conventional (001) and the unconventional (112)B GaAs substrate are investigated. It is found that the emission spectra of the structures grown on the (112)B surface exhibit some spectral characteristics not observed on similar structures grown on the (001) surface. A spectral blue shift of the e→hh1 transition with increasing optical pump intensity is observed for the quantum wells on the (112) surface. This shift is interpreted to be evidence of a strain-induced piezoelectric field. A second spectral feature located within the band gap of the In0.19Ga0.81As layer is also observed for the (112) structure; this feature is thought to be an impurity-related emission. The expected transition energies of the quantum well structures are calculated using the effective mass theory based on the 4×4 Luttinger valence band Hamiltonian, and a related strain Hamiltonian. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective mass theory for III-V semiconductors on arbitrary (hkl) surfaces (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2029-2037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of arbitrary substrate orientation on the electronic and optical properties of III-V zinc-blende semiconductors are considered. A unitary transformation matrix is used to rotate the 4×4 Luttinger valence band Hamiltonian, and the Bir-Pikus strain Hamiltonian from the conventional (001) surface to any arbitrary (hkl) surface of interest. The effects of strain on several electronic and optical properties are examined. It is found that the strain-induced change in the forbidden gap is largest for the (111) plane and other equivalent planes. Furthermore, the strain is also found to induce both a longitudinal and a transverse piezoelectric field. The longitudinal field reaches a maximum for the (111) surface and its other equivalent planes, while the transverse field reaches a maximum for the (110) surface and its other equivalent planes. The orientation-dependence of the hole effective masses is also examined; it is found that the (111) surface, and other equivalent planes, exhibits the largest heavy-hole mass among all possible planes. Finally, this article examines the effects of orientation on the optical transition matrix elements. For incident light with in-plane polarization vectors, the matrix elements are, in general, anisotropic—with the largest anisotropies predicted for two new surfaces: the ((square root of)310) and the (1(square root of)30) surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361057
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced corrosion resistance in noble metal containing amorphous chromium alloys (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1724-1726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The addition of noble metals to Cr-based amorphous alloys can dramatically improve their corrosion resistance. The results of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and cathodic polarization measurements show that the noble metals concentrate on the surface of the alloys and affect both the cathodic and anodic reaction kinetics. The amorphous Cr alloys require far less noble metal content to provide corrosion resistance in HCl compared to the corresponding crystalline Cr alloys. This allows the development of amorphous Cr alloys that are extremely stable in both reducing and oxidizing acids at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renormalized path integral in quantum mechanics (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 2171-2180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We obtain direct, finite, formulations of a renormalized quantum mechanical system with no reference to ultraviolet cutoffs and running coupling constants, in both the Hamiltonian and path integral pictures. The path integral description requires a modification to the Wiener measure on continuous paths that describes an unusual diffusion process wherein colliding particles occasionally stick together for a random interval of time before going their separate ways. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531967
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renormalized contact potential in two dimensions (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 749-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We obtain for the attractive Dirac δ-function potential in two-dimensional quantum mechanics a renormalized formulation that avoids reference to a cutoff and running coupling constant. Dimensional transmutation is carried out before attempting to solve the system, and leads to an interesting eigenvalue problem in N−2 degrees of freedom (in the center of momentum frame) when there are N particles. The effective Hamiltonian for N−2 particles has a nonlocal attractive interaction, and the Schrodinger equation becomes an eigenvalue problem for the logarithm of this Hamiltonian. The three-body case is examined in detail, and in this case a variational estimate of the ground-state energy is given. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532350
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yang–Mills theory on a cylinder coupled to point particles (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 35 (1994), S. 3845-3865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A model of quantum Yang–Mills theory with a finite number of gauge invariant degrees of freedom is studied. The gauge field has only a finite number of degrees of freedom since it is assumed that space–time is a two-dimensional cylinder. The gauge field is coupled to matter, modeled by either one or two nonrelativistic point particles. These problems can be solved without any gauge fixing, by generalizing the canonical quantization methods of S. G. Rajeev [Phys. Lett. B 212, 203 (1988)] to the case including matter. For this, the geometry of the space of connections is used, which has the structure of a principal fiber bundle with an infinite-dimensional fiber. Both problems are reduced to finite-dimensional, exactly solvable, quantum mechanics problems. In the case of one particle, it is found that the ground state energy will diverge in the limit of infinite radius of space, consistent with confinement. In the case of two particles, this does not happen if they can form a color singlet bound state ("meson'').
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530451
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