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  • Articles  (12)
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5)
  • EMBO Press
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (12)
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  • Articles  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vacuum gauge using positive temperature coefficient thermistor as the sensor (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4670-4673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A vacuum gauge has been designed and fabricated using a new type of sensor element, the semiconducting barium titanate positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor. It covers a much wider range and better resolution compared to conventional Pirani gauge and other thermistor vacuum gauges particularly in the low vacuum levels due to its extreme high temperature coefficient. The details of design criteria of the instrument and its performance characteristics have been discussed. Due to the unique autocurrent limiting and stabilizing capabilities of a PTC thermistor, the fabrication of the instrument appears to be much cheaper. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas flow meter using a positive temperature coefficient thermistor as the sensor (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3949-3954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor sensors have been used successfully for sensing and measurement of gas flow through a tube. Tuned detection technique using an ac signal is found to be a more efficient measuring circuit than the conventional dc Wheatstone bridge. Any particular sensor can be used to measure a wide range of flow rates using sensing heads of varying geometries. For a specific geometry, the plot of electrical voltage output against flow rate produces an "S" shaped curve which follows from the basic principles of heat transfer by both conduction and convection mechanisms. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved circular polarizer for far-infrared lightpipe systems (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5559-5562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present an improved design for far-infrared (FIR) circular polarizers used in a lightpipe transmission system for magneto-optical experiments. A peak efficiency of nearly 100% is achieved for FIR laser radiation by reducing the multiple reflections within the polarizer system, as well as scattering from the walls of the lightpipe. Broadband low-resolution measurements are less susceptible to errors due to multiple reflections, but incorporation of these improvements is still found to reduce systematic errors due to the reflection from the sample. Also, we have measured the low temperature index of refraction of quartz and find significant disagreement with published values for frequencies below 100 cm−1. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146084
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for producing neutral and negative hydrogen particles applicable to hot plasma diagnosis (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2158-2162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method is described whereby a beam of positive hydrogen ions incident at grazing angles on an array of cesium-covered tungsten foils is used to produce H0 and H− particles by negative surface ionization. The results of these experiments indicate that the method can provide diagnostic beams of particles to hot plasmas and can also energy-analyze charge exchange neutrals emerging from hot plasmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humidity sensor using porous tape cast alumina substrate (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2792-2795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Moisture sensors based on porous alumina were designed and fabricated to detect and measure the concentration of moisture in gases. In the thin alumina disks taken, the surface and penetration effect has been considered during the process of adsorption and absorption of water molecules through pores and grain boundaries. Three different fabrication techniques, the tape casting technique, pelletization, and porous thick film, have been tried to achieve the desired moisture-sensing property of the samples. Different types of electrode structures and designs were also investigated and optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity. Electrodes were formed by screen printing the samples with thick film conductive pastes. The planar porous alumina sensor so obtained is found to be sensitive in the range of the 100–1000 ppmv level of moisture. The response time of the sensor in the ppmv range is approximately 2 min, and at higher concentrations of moisture it shows quasilinear dependency on the moisture content. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367357
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algorithms for Dynamic Routing in All-Optical Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 163-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: wavelength routed optical network ; dynamic lightpath assignment ; all-optical networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we have studied a number of algorithms for routing in all-optical wavelength routed networks. We have considered situations where a lightpath is dynamically created in response to a request for communication and the WDM channels constituting the lightpath are reclaimed when the communication is over. We have looked at two schemes for dynamic wavelength allocation. In the first scheme we have assumed the existence of a central agent to maintain a database of existing lightpaths where the central agent attempts to generate a new lightpath in response to a request for communication. In the second scheme, we attempt to generate a new lightpath using a distributed algorithm. In the first scheme we have exploited the existence of multiple paths between any pair of nodes in a network in order to reduce the blocking probability. For the second scheme, we have proposed three distributed strategies to determine, if possible, a lightpath when there is a request for communication. Each of these strategies have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of the expected blocking probability and the set-up time. We have studied the performances of both the schemes using Monte Carlo simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010088407041
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Optical Layer Lightpath Management Protocol for WDM AONs (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: all-optical networks (AONs) ; WDM ; lightpath management ; optical layer protocol ; specification ; communicating finite state machine (CFSM) ; validation and reachability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this work, we propose a control protocol for lightpath management in the optical layer of all-optical networks (AONs). AONs follow a layered structure, as used by various network standards, where each layer communicates with its peer through Protocol Data Units (PDUs). In the context of Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model (RM), a new layer, called optical layer, has been introduced in the AON architecture to manage the lightpath related functions. The optical layer lies in between the physical layer and the data link layer. The objective of this paper is to define a specification for an optical layer protocol for managing lightpaths in AONs. In order to study the dynamics of the optical layer protocol system, we first employ the communicating finite state machine model to represent the protocol. Then a reachability analysis of the model is performed to verify the protocol. This paper shows how the optical layer protocol can be specified formally and made error-free by the step-wise refinement of an initial specification, where validation is done after each refinement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010040523879
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Distributed Fault Management Scheme for Wavelength Routed All-Optical Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 369-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: all-optical networks ; fault management ; distributed algorithm ; dynamic routing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a distributed algorithm to determine fault avoiding routes between source-destination end-node pairs in an all-optical network. Fault-tolerant routing for WDM routed all-optical networks has not been studied in details in the literature except for using protection switching or loopback recovery. Such schemes use predetermined protection mechanism and hence assume that the protection path is not faulty. This paper considers extensions to a dynamic routing scheme (presented earlier by these authors for fault-free networks) to handle rerouting in case of fault occurrence. The performance degradations of the network because of fault occurrence are then studied in terms of blocking probability and set-up time through simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026522715035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast VLSI systolic array for large modulus residue addition (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image, and video technology 8 (1994), S. 305-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-109X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Residue number system (RNS) is inherently suited to high speed computations using custom tailored VLSI systems. In this paper, an algorithm for residue addition, based on a novel, ‘non unique’ number representation scheme, is implemented by a systolic array embedded in a VLSI chip. The pipelined cells are implemented, using a true single phase clock dynamic circuit structure, with computer synthesized minimized trees (switching trees). The array may be easily programmed by the user to accept any arbitrary modulus. Important applications of this array are in residue decoding and fault tolerant computation requiring the use of the Chinese Remainder Theorem where the modulus for addition is relatively large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A class of two-dimensional cellular automata and their applications in random pattern testing (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 5 (1994), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: Built-in self-test ; cellular automata (CA) ; pseudo-random patterns ; 2-D CA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A basic framework to characterize the behavior of two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automata (CA) has been proposed. The performance of the regular structure of the 2-D CA has been evaluated for pseudo-random pattern generation. The potential increase in the local neighborhood structure for 2-D CA has led to better randomness of the generated patterns as compared to LFSR and 1-D CA. The quality of the random patterns generated with 2-D CA based built-in-self-test (BIST) structure has been evaluated by comparing the fault coverage on several benchmark circuits. Also a method of synthesizing 2-D CAs to generate patterns of specified length has been reported. The patterns generated can serve as a very good source of random two-dimensional sequences and also variable length parallel pattern generation having virtually nil correlation among the bit patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00971964
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