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  • Articles  (577)
  • Cell Press  (244)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (200)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Physics  (480)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (97)
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  • Articles  (577)
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  • 1
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    Local and Systemic In Vivo Responses to Osseointegrative Titanium Nanotube Surfaces (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-26
    Description: Orthopedic implants requiring osseointegration are often surface modified; however, implants may shed these coatings and generate wear debris leading to complications. Titanium nanotubes (TiNT), a new surface treatment, may promote osseointegration. In this study, in vitro (rat marrow-derived bone marrow cell attachment and morphology) and in vivo (rat model of intramedullary fixation) experiments characterized local and systemic responses of two TiNT surface morphologies, aligned and trabecular, via animal and remote organ weight, metal ion, hematologic, and nondecalcified histologic analyses. In vitro experiments showed total adherent cells on trabecular and aligned TiNT surfaces were greater than control at 30 min and 4 h, and cells were smaller in diameter and more eccentric. Control animals gained more weight, on average; however, no animals met the institutional trigger for weight loss. No hematologic parameters (complete blood count with differential) were significantly different for TiNT groups vs. control. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed greater aluminum levels in the lungs of the trabecular TiNT group than in those of the controls. Histologic analysis demonstrated no inflammatory infiltrate, cytotoxic, or necrotic conditions in proximity of K-wires. There were significantly fewer eosinophils/basophils and neutrophils in the distal region of trabecular TiNT-implanted femora; and, in the midshaft of aligned TiNT-implanted femora, there were significantly fewer foreign body giant/multinucleated cells and neutrophils, indicating a decreased immune response in aligned TiNT-implanted femora compared to controls.
    Electronic ISSN: 2079-4991
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic measurements with a SQUID magnetometer: Possible artifacts induced by sample-holder off-centering : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct − 1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5088-5090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Asymmetries in sample holders used for magnetic measurements on magnetometers based on induction methods, such as those equipped with SQUID sensors, can lead to substantial errors and/or important artifacts which resemble phase transitions. They occur under the conditions for which sample and/holder have signals of opposite sign, but are nearly equal in magnitude. The most serious errors can occur often, but not exclusively, for compounds having intermediate magnetic dilution. We present here a general discussion of the problem illustrated by measurements of a polyoxometallate with the known Keggin structure K6[Fe(III)W12O40]⋅nH2O, done on a SHE VTS model 905. While one of the obvious solutions to this problem is the use of holders with a signal much smaller than that of the sample, it would be preferable if, in addition, the holder had a response of the same sign as that of the sample, for all temperatures and fields measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348132
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Si impurity-induced layer disordering of Alx Ga1−x -GaAs quantum-well heterostructures by As-free open-tube rapid thermal annealing (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 6199-6206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented describing Si impurity-induced layer disordering (IILD) and Al-Ga interdiffusion in AlxGa1−x As-GaAs quantum-well heterostructures (QWHs) using open-tube rapid thermal annealing (900–1000 °C) in a flowing N2/H2 ambient. The data show that Al-Ga interdiffusion is enhanced by n-type crystal doping and suppressed by p-type doping. By surrounding the active layers of the heterostructure with layers of opposite doping, we show that the surrounding layers modify the interdiffusion by controlling the diffusion of point defects to the active layers of the heterostructure. Data are presented showing the effects of dielectric encapsulation (SiO2, Si3N4 ) on Al-Ga interdiffusion. The data show that regardless of doping SiO2 enhances interdiffusion as compared to Si3N4. To achieve more thorough layer intermixing of AlxGa1−x As-GaAs QWHs, Si IILD is also investigated in the high-temperature As-poor regime. The experimental data show that in a high-temperature As-poor annealing ambient, little or no Si diffusion occurs from an elemental Si source in contact with a p-type GaAs QWH cap layer. To achieve Si diffusion under these conditions requires removal of the GaAs cap and the use of Al-reduced SiO2 or Si3N4 as a Si diffusion source. Based on secondary-ion mass spectroscopic measurements, direct comparison of Si diffusion from closed-tube (825 °C, 48 h) and open tube (1000 °C, 10 min) anneals shows increased Si incorporation and layer disordering at higher temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture and spall ejecta mass distribution: Lognormal and multifractal distributions (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2724-2731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerous distributions (Mott, exponential, bimodal) have been proposed on the basis of geometrical or semi-empirical grounds as suitable for characterizing the mass distribution from fracture or spallation. It is argued here that the lognormal distribution is particularly suitable on the basis of a number of considerations: empirical fits, the fractal character of fracture, and the geometrical arguments when carried to their logical conclusion. We explain the deviations from the lognormal distribution as due to the finite thickness of the shell, which violates the scale-independence requirement for exact fractal behavior and introduces multifractal character to the spallation process. A plausiblity argument for the observed relationship between ductility and the shape of the distribution is offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351522
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of high-energy x-radiation using a plasma flow switch (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1999-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments with coaxial plasma guns at currents in excess of ten megamperes have resulted in the production of high-voltage pulses (0.5 MV) and hard x radiation (10–200 keV). The x-radiation pulse occurs substantially after the high-voltage pulse suggesting that high-energy electrons are generated by dynamic processes in a very high speed ((approximately-greater-than)106 m/s), magnetized plasma flow. Such flows, which result from acceleration of relatively low-density plasma (10−4 vs 1.0 kg/m3) by magnetic fields of 20–30 T, support high voltages by the back electromotive force-u×B during the opening switch phase of the plasma flow switch. A simple model of classical ion slowing down and subsequent heating of background electrons can explain spectral evidence of 30-keV electron temperatures in fully stripped aluminum plasma formed from plasma flows of 1–2 × 106 m/s. Similar modeling and spectral evidence indicates tungsten ion kinetic energies of 4.5 MeV and 46 keV electron temperatures of a highly stripped tungsten plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Si incorporation in laser-melted AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructures from a dielectric source (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 6174-6178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented describing the incorporation of Si in locally laser-melted AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructures from a thin-film dielectric source. The composition of the melted material, the effects of the Si source (SiO2 or Si3N4) on impurity incorporation, and the doping behavior are examined via secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, electron dispersion x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The data indicate that upon melting, a (Si)y(AlxGa1−xAs)1−y alloy is formed from which impurity-induced layer disordering may be effected. After annealing the melt region is found to contain crystalline segregates, which are attributed to rapid thermal quenching of the melt. Applications of these results to the fabrication of buried-heterostructure lasers by laser-assisted disordering are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the annihilated unrestricted Hartree–Fock wave function and its use in second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1789-1795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently introduced annihilated unrestricted Hartree–Fock (AUHF) wave function—in which the first spin contaminant in an unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF) wave function has been annihilated self-consistently—is discussed in some detail with particular attention to its use as a basis for a perturbation expansion. A series of calculations are presented highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of a second-order Møller–Plesset (AUMP2) perturbation treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457084
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field effects on triplet exciton fission and fusion in a polydiacetylene (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6642-6646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the origin and decay dynamics of triplet excitons in the conjugated polymer poly(4BCMU) in its sol(yellow) and gel(red) phases. Wavelength and intensity dependencies of the triplet yield show that the triplet exciton cannot be produced by excitation into the singlet exciton edge but only from higher lying states. The observed lifetime of the triplet state, coupled with the magnetic field dependence of the triplet state production and decay, indicate that the triplet state is created by a fission process from the excited singlet. The time and magnetic field dependence of the triplet exciton decay indicate that the triplet exciton decay in the red phase occurs by diffusive bimolecular fusion, but in the yellow phase the triplet exciton decay is nondiffusive. We postulate that the unimolecular decay of the triplet exciton in the yellow phase results from exciton pinning by conformational disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456281
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopy of supported nanoscale iron clusters (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2651-2654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe particles with sizes in the range 1–5 nm, formed by a gas-aggregation method and deposited onto graphite and C60 supports, were studied by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic linear dichroism. Clusters deposited onto a C60 coated graphite substrate become embedded within the fullerene film, and have an increased resistance to oxidation compared to exposed clusters supported on a graphite surface. No evidence for hybridization between the electronic states of Fe and C60 is seen. The magnetic dichroism signal of the exposed clusters increases sharply with the film thickness because of the increased cluster interactions. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle transport in DIII-D discharges with internal regions of enhanced confinement and counter injected neutral beams (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1565-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis of experimentally measured particle transport in tokamak plasmas with negative central magnetic shear is presented. The analysis is presented in terms of a simple model for turbulent transport which allows the separation of diagonal and off diagonal terms and allows the direct comparison of particle and energy transport. Comparing the measured fluxes to the fluxes predicted by a simple quasi analytical model which specifies a relation between the diagonal and off diagonal terms allows an understanding of the reason for the difference between energy and particle fluxes. In the center of discharges with a region of enhanced confinement (or internal transport barrier), the ion thermal diffusivity becomes small and comparable to neoclassical values and the particle diffusivity also becomes small and approaches the neoclassical values. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358311
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