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  • 13C  (2)
  • Chironomidae  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tree fallows: A comparison between five tropical tree species (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Agroforestry ; 15N ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phenolics ; 13C ; Tree fallows
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The natural abundance of 15N and 13C, conventional soil analyses, and biomass production by maize were used to study the influence of five tropical tree species on soils and their fertility. The experiment was conducted in Morogoro, Tanzania, to compare Cassia (Senna) siamea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis (all non-N2-fixing), Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis chilensis (both N2-fixing), and a grass fallow. Maize biomass production, which was correlated with N uptake (P=0.001), was higher on soils from plots with 5-year-old Leucaena and Prosopis spp. compared to the grass fallow, while other tree species had less favourable effects on maize growth. The per cent N was higher in soil and δ15N of soil total N was lower under Prosopis sp. compared to soil under other tree species, which suggests an input from N2 fixation by Prosopis sp. A transfer of fixed N to maize or to understorey grass species was, however, not indicated by the 15N natural abundance. Prosopis sp. contributed more C to the soil than the other four tree species; the difference in δ13C between soils from Prosopis sp. plots and from grass fallow plots showed that the tree contributed 11% to the total C of the soil over a period of 8 years. The leaves of the N2-fixing species had a low ratio of lignin+phenols to N, and maize growth was negatively correlated with this parameter. The Eucalyptus spp. had leaves with a high lignin+phenols to N ratio, contributed very little C to the soil, and lowered the soil pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335818
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tree fallows: A comparison between five tropical tree species (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Agroforestry ; 15N ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phenolics ; 13C ; Tree fallows
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The natural abundance of 15N and 13C, conventional soil analyses, and biomass production by maize were used to study the influence of five tropical tree species on soils and their fertility. The experiment was conducted in Morogoro, Tanzania, to compare Cassia (Senna) siamea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis (all non-N2-fixing), Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis chilensis (both N2-fixing), and a grass fallow. Maize biomass production, which was correlated with N uptake (P=0.001), was higher on soils from plots with 5-year-old Leucaena and Prosopis spp. compared to the grass fallow, while other tree species had less favourable effects on maize growth. The per cent N was higher in soil and δ15N of soil total N was lower under Prosopis sp. compared to soil under other tree species, which suggests an input from N2 fixation by Prosopis sp. A transfer of fixed N to maize or to understorey grass species was, however, not indicated by the 15N natural abundance. Prosopis sp. contributed more C to the soil than the other four tree species; the difference in δ13C between soils from Prosopis sp. plots and from grass fallow plots showed that the tree contributed 11% to the total C of the soil over a period of 8 years. The leaves of the N2-fixing species had a low ratio of lignin+phenols to N, and maize growth was negatively correlated with this parameter. The Eucalyptus spp. had leaves with a high lignin+phenols to N ratio, contributed very little C to the soil, and lowered the soil pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335818
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A six-year study of abundance and voltinism of Chironomidae (Diptera) in an Illinois cooling reservoir (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 134 (1986), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chironomidae ; Tanypus stellatus ; cooling lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chironomid fauna of Baldwin Lake, an off-stream closed-cycle cooling reservoir for an 1800-megawatt coal-fired power plant, was sampled semi-monthly to monthly at four stations for six years, beginning five months after the reservoir was filled and ending 23 months after the third unit of the power plant went into operation. In the main basin three species dominated: Coelotanypus concinnus (Coquillett), Procladius bellus (Loew), and Tanypus stellatus Coquillett. The last did not become established until the lake was two years old, probably because temperatures were too low the first winter. Populations of all three species were initially large and sharply fluctuating, but later became smaller and less fluctuant in C. concinnus and P. bellus, due, probably, to more intense predation on them. Only in T. stellatus were changes in voltinism clearly evident: it changed from bivoltine to tri- and quatrivoltine as degree-days of heat increased. Photoperiod also affected its life cycle, as evidenced by synchronous development of summer generations each year. Temperature and perhaps food supply affected development time of its overwintering generation. All three species tolerated a temperature of 38 °C; their populations were kept low in the discharge channel by the current, not the temperature. Six species of Chironominae were sporadically abundant in the discharge channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008700
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chironomidae (Diptera) of Baldwin Lake, Illinois, a cooling reservoir (1981)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 76 (1981), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Chironomidae ; Tanypodinae ; Tanypus stellatus ; cooling reservoir ; benthos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chironomid fauna of Baldwin Lake, a closed-cycle cooling reservoir for a power plant, was sampled monthly to semi-monthly for one year at four stations, two in the discharge channel and two in the main basin. Qualitative samples were also taken elsewhere and with multiple-plate samplers. Twenty-four species were collected. Annual mean population density was less than 100 larvae m−2 in the channel, 1037 M−2 in the main basin. Three species of Tanypodinae formed over 96 percent of the larval population in the main basin: Tanypus stellatus Coquillett, Procladius bellus (Loew), and Coelotanypus concinnus (Coquillett). The principal species on the multiple-plate samplers were Dicrotendipes nervosus (Staeger), Glyptotendipes lobiferus (Say), and Parachironomus monochromus (Wulp). Temperatures of 35°C or more in the channel virtually eliminated the chironomids, whereas temperatures up to 32°C in the main basin increased the number of generations of T. stellatus from the usual two to four at Station 3 and three at Station 4. Station 3 had almost 1,000 degree-days more heat than Station 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014042
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