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  • American Society of Hematology  (36)
  • BioMed Central  (26)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorescence quenching and the microcirculation: An automated, multipoint oxygen tension measuring instrument (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5075-5084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new, phosphorescence-based optical instrument for making oxygen tension (PO2) measurements in individual vessels of microvascular preparations is described. Palladium–porphyrin compounds injected into the systemic vasculature are excited by light and the measured phosphorescence emission lifetime used to calculate intravascular PO2. Because this technique is relatively new, we have undertaken a rigorous examination of its usefulness and inherent limitations for microvascular studies. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146133
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of beam-attenuation modulation on fluctuation measurements by heavy-ion beam probe (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2232-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Beam-attenuation modulation arising from density fluctuations along the orbit of the heavy-ion beam probe (HIBP) in a plasma can distort the local amplitude, coherence, and phase derived from one- and two-point correlation measurements. Path-integral expressions for these effects are derived and applications to the TEXT tokamak are discussed. The work is part of an effort to account for previously reported wave-number data. However, the analysis is general and bears on any correlation measurement in turbulent media that depends on beam propagation or might otherwise be affected by spurious common-mode signals. In the HIBP case the effects depend critically on the ratio of the average fluctuation amplitude ñe along the beam path to the local ñe at the sample volume. Because the fluctuation amplitude is small in the core and rises sharply toward the plasma edge, the contamination effect is negligible in a radial zone near the edge but rises sharply to the interior of a critical radius. With increasing average plasma density n¯e the interior contamination increases strongly and the critical radius moves outward. The conclusion is that beam-modulation fluctuations affect the data but do not fully explain the disagreement with theoretical predictions of drift waves. The effects are expected to decrease with increasing beam energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143144
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Path integral effects in heavy ion beam probe density measurements: A comparison of simulation results and experimental data (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1001-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) signal used to measure local density fluctuations in a plasma is also sensitive to modulation due to density fluctuations along the entire beam trajectory. A modulation model of the HIBP experiment on the Texas experimental tokamak (TEXT) is presented. The model includes profile information for equilibrium and fluctuating parameters, allows for differences in the radial and poloidal characteristics of the fluctuations, and uses realistic beam trajectories. It is shown that profile effects are important in understanding HIBP modulation and that modulation does not simply increase with line average density in TEXT. In addition, calculations of the modulation effects show that only the terms which correspond to in-phase signals at the two sample volumes are significant. Therefore, the modulation effects can be approximated with a real parameter. Under these assumptions, it is shown that only long correlation length, low wave number modes will contribute significantly to the corruption of the measured signal. The calculation of the modulation effects are consistent with the experiment. It is illustrated herein how the measured data can be used to set limits on the modulation signal without doing extensive model calculations. These limits show that there must be long wavelength fluctuations in the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144169
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral beam diagnostics for Alcator C-Mod : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 300-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A diagnostic neutral beam will be installed on Alcator C-Mod for measurement of ñi, nz, Tz, vθ, vcursive-phi, and j. The beam will be used primarily for the study of thermal transport, Er in H-mode discharges, and to provide critical profile and turbulence data for tests of theoretically based models of turbulence and transport. The beam selected for this work was used on Texas Experimental Tokamak and is rated at 50 kV and 6 A of extracted current in hydrogen. It can produce beams of deuterium or helium as well. It is currently being reconfigured for installation on C-Mod. Capabilities for the intended measurements are described using simulations based on measured C-Mod profiles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-correlation techniques applied to chord-integrated measurements (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 460-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In an effort to determine the effects of impurities on turbulence in the edge plasma of tokamaks (electron temperature and radiative cooling rate out of phase), we would like to cross-correlate local measurements of T˜e and p˜rad. The former is provided by Langmuir probes.c) Unfortunately, only chord-integrated radiated power is available, provided by a high-resolution scannable X-UV array.d) We orient one channel of the array to intersect the flux tube sampled by the probe (taking advantage of the long parallel correlation lengths) and cross-correlate the signals in an attempt to extract the portion of the radiation signal eminating from the probe location. Preliminary results indicate a statistically significant level of correlation. A model for cross correlating a chord-integrated signal with a local signal is studied to aid the interpretation of the experimental results. If successful, this technique has important ramifications generally in that it effectively converts a chord-averaged measurement into a local one. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146381
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy and beam-emission spectroscopy for C-Mod : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 882-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design of two beam-based diagnostic systems for C-Mod, charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) and beam-emission spectroscopy (BES) will be presented. A 50-keV diagnostic neutral beam (DNB) will be installed on C-Mod for these and other diagnostics. By adding BES and CXRS to the set of C-Mod diagnostics, it will be possible to test theory-based models of turbulent transport, which are typically based on marginal stability and the existence/dominance of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Tests that coordinate turbulence measurements with transport measurements are largely unavailable at present. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149461
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculations of wave excitation and dissipation in Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén wave heating experiment in Brazil (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2437-2442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The results of numerical calculations of Alfvén wave absorption are discussed for the experimental conditions foreseen for the Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén wave heating experiment in Brazil (TCABR) [Nucl. Fusion 30, 503 (1996)]. In particular, the effect of toroidal mode coupling on the power deposition of Global Alfvén Wave (GAW) eigenmodes is carefully investigated. Resonant absorption of the toroidally coupled sidebands causes a broad power deposition close to the plasma boundary which can surpass the power deposition of the main GAW at the plasma center. However, the wave absorption can be somewhat optimized by a proper choice of mode spectrum. The excitation of a pure mode spectrum centered at the toroidal mode numbers n=−4 and −6 leads to better plasma coupling than a spectrum centered at n=−2. Finally, it is shown that a small population of light impurities in a hydrogen plasma can strongly modify the dispersion of the GAW and the toroidal Alfvén continuum.© 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873515
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poloidal asymmetry and gradient drive in core electron density and temperature fluctuations on the Texas Experimental Tokamak-Upgrade (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2013-2021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron temperature and density fluctuations are measured in the core of the Texas Experimental Tokamak-Upgrade (TEXT-U) [P. H. Edmonds, E. R. Solano, and A. J. Wootton, in Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Fusion Technology, Utrecht (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 342] plasma across the poloidal cross section. The high spatial resolution of the heavy-ion beam probe (HIBP) and correlation radiometry of electron cyclotron emission (CRECE) reveal that both the density and temperature fluctuations are strongly poloidally asymmetric. Temperature fluctuation measurements indicate a broadband drift wave feature localized near the plasma equatorial plane on both the high- and low-field sides, which is consistent with density fluctuation measurements by far infrared (FIR) scattering. In contrast, the HIBP observes this feature localized only to the low-field side. Excellent spatial resolution allows us to investigate whether changes in the gradient affect the fluctuation amplitudes. We find that indeed, the temperature fluctuations increase with the electron temperature gradient. Results also link density fluctuations to changes in the density gradient. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871998
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evidence for nonlocal transport in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3599-3613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron temperature response of a tokamak to rapid edge cooling has characteristics difficult to reconcile with local transport analysis. The initial observations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak [K. W. Gentle, Nucl. Tech. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)] have been extended to a wider range of plasma and perturbation parameters, including auxiliary heating, and the associated turbulence changes have been measured across the plasma radius. The fast edge temperature drops and core temperature increases are quantified by more extensive analysis. A perturbation complementary to edge cooling, edge heating by a fast current ramp, evokes a completely complementary plasma response. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872255
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculations of Alfvén wave driving forces, plasma flow, and current drive in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén wave experiment in Brazil (TCABR) (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 210-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The current and plasma flows driven by ponderomotive forces are calculated for tokamak plasmas, using a kinetic code in the Alfvén range of frequencies. The rf (radio frequency) ponderomotive force is expressed as a sum of a gradient part and of a wave momentum transfer force, which is proportional to wave dissipation (electron Landau damping and transit time magnetic pumping). Finally, the rf force is balanced by the viscous force in the fluid momentum response to the rf fields in the plasma. The relative magnitudes of the different forces for kinetic and global Alfvén waves with low phase velocities are explicitly calculated. It is shown that, dissipating in electrons, Alfvén waves can drive ion flow via the gradient force, which is dominated in m=0-sideband harmonic resonance induced by toroidal mode coupling. Estimates of power requirements to drive substantial poloidal flow in the Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén wave heating experiment in Brazil (TCABR) [L. Ruchko, M. C. Andrade, R. M. O. Galva˜o, Nucl. Fusion 30, 503 (1996)] are made. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1332813
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