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  • Articles  (18)
  • Wiley  (13)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (18)
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  • Articles  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoblast migration on poly(α-hydroxy esters) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: osteoblast ; migration ; poly(αhydroxy esters) ; poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) ; PLGA ; biodegradable polymers ; tissue engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We investigated the migration of rat calvaria osteoblast populations on poly(α-hydroxy ester) films for up to 14 days to determine effects of substrate composition and culture conditions on the migratory characteristics of osteoblasts. Initial osteoblast culture conditions included cell colonies formed by seeding a high (84,000 cells/cm2) or low (42,000 cells/cm2) density of isolated osteoblasts on the polymer films, and bone tissue cultures formed by plating bone chips directly on the substrates. High density osteoblast colonies cultured and allowed to migrate and proliferate radially on 85:15 poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films, 75:25 PLGA films, and tissue culture polystyrene controls demonstrated that the copolymer ratio in the polymer films did not affect the rate of increase in substrate surface area (or culture area) covered by the growing cell colony. However, the rate of increase in culture area was dependent on the initial osteoblast seeding density. Initial cell colonies formed with a lower osteoblast seeding density on 75:25 PLGA resulted in a lower rate of increase in culture area, specifically 4.9 ± 0.3 mm2/day, versus 14.1 ± 0.7 mm2/day for colonies seeded with a higher density of cells on the same polymer films. The proliferation rate for osteoblasts in the high and low density seeded osteoblast colonies did not differ, whereas the proliferation rate for the osteoblasts arising from the bone chips was lower than either of these isolated cell colonies. Confocal and light microscopy revealed that the osteoblast migration occurred as a monolayer of individual osteoblasts and not a calcified tissue front. These results demonstrated that cell seeding conditions strongly affect the rates of osteoblast migration and proliferation on biodegradable poly(α-hydroxy esters). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic analysis of a microbial process: A systems engineering approach (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general mathematical model of the chemostat system is developed in order to define an experimental program of dynamic testing. A glucose-limited culture ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a chemostat using chemically defined medium. The chemostat was perturbed from an initial steady state by changes in input glucose concentration, dilution rate, pH, and temperature. Dynamic responses of cell mass, glucose, cell number, RNA, and protein concentrations were measured. A number of simulation techniques were used in developing a dynamic mathematical model and in comparing the developed model with experimental data as well as the Monod model. The resulting model was found to be quantitatively accurate and superior to the Monod model. The developed model was interpreted in the light of cell physiology. Adjustment of intracellular RNA fraction was found to be rate limiting in acceleration of cell specific growth rate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perimeter Exploration of Linear Chains of Circles (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Perimeter data, obtained from structured walks performed upon straight chains of circles and displayed in Richardson plots, reveal two distinct classes of discontinuities: textural and structural. Textural discontinuities contain information about the surface features of the profile, while structural discontinuities reveal the profile's overall shape. The origins of both types of discontinuities have easy explanations. The highly predictable behavior of the structural discontinuities serves as the basis of a newly proposed method of analysis for perimeter data. The number of structural discontinuities is equal to N, the number of circles in the chain; furthermore, the value of the step size \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \underline {\lambda} $\end{document} * associated with the first structural discontinuity is inversely related to N. These properties seem is be retained when the circles slightly intersect and also when the circles vary in diameter. Analysis of the structural discontinuities may provide a new method suitable for automated examination of chain-like agglomerate particles.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19950120508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety in combustion of unconventional fuels (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 3 (1984), S. 86-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720030209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 56. On the fast thermolysis mechanism of ammonium nitrate and its mixtures with mangnesium and carbon (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 17 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fast thermolysis studies of ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with magnesium and activated charcoal have been carried out by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/temperature profiling technique. When subjected to rapid heating (ca. 80°C/s), AN Sublimes/decomposes around 300°. Sublimation dominates at ambient pressures. The IR-active products of decomposition are NH3, NO2, N2O and H2O. Reaction schemes accounting for the products are proposed which involve proton transfer leading to NH3 by the decomposition products of HNO3. The decomposition of AN is significantly enhanced when AN is mixed with magnesium powder or charcoal, and occurs at as low a temperature as 135°C. Whereas NH3 is the major product of decomposition of AN—Mg mixtures, no NH3 is observed from AN—C mixtures. The results are explained by the reaction of HNO3 and NH3 with Mg or C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19920170302
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  • 6
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    Mechanism of Process-Induced Salt-to-Free Base Transformation of Pharmaceutical Products (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: The pH-solubility profiles of a model drug in salt form were established and the mechanism of salt-to-free base form transformation was investigated by increasing pH of the system. Wet massing experiments together with suspension experiments were performed to investigate the effects of excipients on the stability of the salt form. It was found that nucleation of the free base did not happen at pH max but that instead a new boundary, the pH metastable , had to be reached before transformation occurred. It was also demonstrated that some excipients influence the stability of the drug, which can help find excipients that previously would have been excluded on basis of a pH higher than pH max but still lower than pH metastable . The application of Raman spectroscopy to monitor procaine concentration with a very large concentration span was proven to be possible. In experiments with additives in wet massing, only MgO influenced the drug stability. Simply determining pH max is not sufficient in order to determine the excipients that may be used without adverse effects in drug manufacturing.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Crystallization of Piroxicam Solid Forms and the Effects of Additives (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-10
    Description: The relative stabilities of the two anhydrous polymorphs and the monohydrate of piroxicam in ethanol/water mixtures and the crystallization behavior of the solid forms in the presence of 11 additives were studied. At 37 °C, form II is thermodynamically more stable than form I, while the relative stability of form II and the monohydrate depends on the water concentration in the solution. The total Hansen solubility parameter δ T and the hydrogen bonding solubility parameter δ H of the substances can partly explain the effects of the additives on the crystallization of the solid forms. The additives that selectively promoted the crystallization of form I are the ones with δ T and δ H parameters similar to those of piroxicam. Solid form selection can help improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug candidates. The relative stabilities of the anhydrous and monohydrate solid forms of piroxicam in ethanol/water mixtures were studied. The validity of the Hansen solubility parameter in the preliminary screening of additives for controlling the piroxicam solid form during crystallization is demonstrated.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
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    A Techno-economic Analysis of Chemical Processing with Ionizing Radiation (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-11
    Description: Photons and electrons with energies above the ionization potential of most atoms can be used to facilitate chemical reactions not otherwise possible thermochemically or under more preferable process conditions. These ionizing radiations have a wide range of potential chemical process applications and can be produced using several different commercially available sources. An analysis and comparison of the economics of using sources of ultraviolet photons, high-energy electrons, gamma rays, and x-rays in a chemical conversion process is presented. Capital cost estimates make use of quotations from commercial equipment vendors and literature values where available. The question of, “Which radiation source is the lowest cost means of delivering equivalent ionizing radiation energy to a chemical reactor system?” is addressed. Based on commercial sources and isotopes presently available, in many processes where the penetration depth is sufficient, the overall production costs for equivalent products are lowest for electron-beam based systems followed, in order, by ultraviolet, gamma rays from Co-60, and X-ray sources. The source capital costs varied from $15 to $150 per watt of radiation power delivered to the reactor system, with the operating costs varying from $26 to $161 per watt-year of energy delivered (820 to 5100 $/GJ). For specific chemical products, the efficiency of use of the radiation source depends upon the conversion efficiency of the deposited radiation which can depend on the type and energy of the radiation. In process applications where large volume, high pressure, chemical reactors are required, gamma radiation has potential design advantages provided commercial gamma sources of lower cost than 60 Co become available.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 9
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    Techno-economic analysis of methane pyrolysis in molten metals, decarbonizing natural gas (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: Methane pyrolysis using a molten metal process to produce 200 kilotonnes of hydrogen per year is compared to steam methane reforming (SMR) for the industrial production of hydrogen. Capital and operating cost models for pyrolysis and SMR were used to generate cash-flow and production costs for several different molten pyrolysis systems. The economics were most sensitive to the methane conversion and the value obtained for the solid carbon by-product. The pyrolysis system at 1500°C is competitive with a carbon tax of $78 t - 1 ; however, if a catalytic process at 1000°C were developed using a conventional fired heater, it would be competitive with SMR without a carbon dioxide cost penalty. Several pyrolysis alternatives become competitive with increasing carbon dioxide taxes.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Secretary’s report on new members (1920)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1920-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9331
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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