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  • Springer  (46)
  • American Institute of Physics  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and verification of the boundary surfaces of solid objects (1998)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 14 (1998), S. 36-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Discretised surfaces ; Intersections ; Mesh generation ; Solid objects ; Topology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Triangulation of complex three-dimensional objects is a time-consuming process, and the boundary surfaces of the object have to be checked very carefully to ensure no crror is made. With the increased use of computer graphics in the generation of complicated object shapes, such as aircraft, space vessels, machine parts, physical models, etc., visual inspection alone is not good enough to affirm the validity of the object, and a thorough verification of the output from a CAD system is necessary to ensure that the object is well defined and complies with the input requirements of the mesh generator. This paper describes such a data verification procedure for general curved surfaces and objects defined by the boundary surface modelling technique. The quality of individual elements, the overall topological structures, and geometrical correctness in terms of intersections, close touches and sharp angles will all be studied and verified. Several engineering objects are analysed to illustrate the practical applications of the procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01198973
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for cloning unknown cellular flanking DNA sequences from foreign integrants (1998)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 1403-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Boomerang DNA amplification (BDA); capture PCR (CPCR); inverse PCR (IPCR); novel Alu-PCR; panhandle PCR; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); restriction-site PCR (RS-PCR); splinkerette-PCR; targeted gene-walking PCR; vectorette-PCR.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Many virus and transposon DNAs can integrate into the host genome. In this review, techniques, including inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR), novel Alu-PCR and vectorette- or splinkerette-PCR are introduced as possible strategies for cloning flanking DNA regions of the integrants. Targeted gene-walking PCR, restriction-site PCR, capture PCR, and panhandle PCR and boomerang DNA amplification are also described. The principles, advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of reservoir water quality using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (1999)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 13 (1999), S. 327-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Key words: eutrophication ; reservoir water quality ; fuzzy theory.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. A general methodology for fuzzy synthetic evaluation is developed and illustrated with a case study of trophic status assessment for Fei-Tsui Reservoir in Taiwan. The historical data base was collected from the management agency of Fei-Tsui Reservoir from 1987 to 1996. In fuzzy synthetic evaluation, the classification is determined by a matrix operation of the weighted vector with the fuzzy evaluation matrix. After all individual membership functions of evaluated factors have been determined, the fuzzy evaluation matrix can be established. The weighted vector is determined by the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP). The results of this investigation show that the long-term change of water quality and the overturn phenomena cannot be observed with the Carlson index from 1987 to 1992 but is expressed by fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation is better suited than the Carlson index to rating the trophic status of self-sustaining lakes. Interpretation of the results can provide valuable information to decision makers and aid reservoir management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004770050054
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient computation of near-continuum rarefied gas flows (1982)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 33 (1982), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine numerische Methode zur Lösung der Integralgleichung für die Dynamik verdünnter Gase wird modifiziert, um genauere Resultate nahe zur Kontinuumsgrenze zu liefern; sie wird für die Poiseuille-Strömung von verdünnten Gasen zwischen parallelen Platten und im zylindrischen Rohr angewendet. Die Resultate für die Durchlaßmenge sind über den ganzen Bereich der Knudsen-Zahlen gut. Die Ergebnisse sind in besonders guter Übereinstimmung mit den asymptotischen Formeln nahe zum Kontinuum-Regime, selbst wenn Quadraturformeln von eher niedrigem Grade verwendet werden.
    Notes: Abstract A numerical scheme for solving integral equations of rarefied gas dynamics is modified to provide more accurate results in the near continuum flows. The modified scheme is applied to the Poiseuille flow of a rarefied gas between parallel plates and in a cylindrical tube. Flow rate results obtained for both geometries are good over the complete range of Knudsen numbers. In particular, the results are found in excellent agreement with the analytic asymptotic formulas in the near continuum regime even when fairly low order of quadrature formulas are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00944451
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity in the erythrocytes of newborn and adult mammals (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1264-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; NADH-methemoglobin reductase ; mammals ; newborn ; adults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary NADH-MR activity was measured in the erythrocytes of newborn and adult horses, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, red kangaroos, fruit bats, rats, mice, rabbits and humans. Our results fail to support an earlier hypothesis that higher NADH-MR activity may be an adaptation to increased ruminal nitrite production leading to accelerated oxidation of fetal hemoglobin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946415
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3D mesh refinement in compliance with a specified node spacing function (1998)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 21 (1998), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A simple and efficient refinement procedure for the three-dimensional tetrahedral element mesh based on successive bisection of edges is proposed. The quality of the elements generated can be guaranteed if the subdivision is performed in the sequence according to the length of the line segments to be divided. Such an order of priority can be determined by a simple sorting process on all the line segments for which refinement is needed. This list of ordered line segments has to be updated from time to time to take into account of the new line segments generated during the subdivision process. From the examples studied, the CPU time for mesh refinement bears a linear relationship with the number of elements generated, with a refinement rate of more than 50 000 elements per second on a IBM Power Station 3BT. Shape optimization procedures can be applied to the refined mesh to further improve the quality of the elements. The refinement scheme is useful as part of a general three-dimensional mesh generation package, or as the mesh refinement module in an adaptive finite element analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050279
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and hazard rate estimation for censored data via strong representation of the Kaplan-Meier estimator (1989)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 80 (1989), S. 461-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We study the estimation of a density and a hazard rate function based on censored data by the kernel smoothing method. Our technique is facilitated by a recent result of Lo and Singh (1986) which establishes a strong uniform approximation of the Kaplan-Meier estimator by an average of independent random variables. (Note that the approximation is carried out on the original probability space, which should be distinguished from the Hungarian embedding approach.) Pointwise strong consistency and a law of iterated logarithm are derived, as well as the mean squared error expression and asymptotic normality, which is obtain using a more traditional method, as compared with the Hajek projection employed by Tanner and Wong (1983).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01794434
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion resistance enhancement of marine alloys by rapid solidification (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 3293-3296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Copper-nickel alloys used in marine applications, are known for their anti-fouling properties. However, they are generally of low strength and are moderately susceptible to corrosion when used in a marine environment. Attempts at adding iron to Copper-nickel alloys by conventional ingot metallurgy, to improve their mechanical and corrosion resistant properties, have met with limited success. In this work, rapid solidification technology was employed to produce rapidly solidified (RS) Cu-10Ni and Cu-10Ni-8Fe. It was found that both the RS Cu-10Ni and Cu-10Ni-8Fe exhibited superior mechanical and corrosion resistant properties, compared with their sand-cast counterparts. Furthermore, the addition of iron to Cu-10Ni alloy, produced by RS, increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy, whereas the addition of iron to Cu-10Ni alloy produced by conventional means, had an adverse effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161194
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and tribological properties of zinc-aluminium metal-matrix composites (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5681-5691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, commercial Zn-Al foundry alloys such as ZA-27 have found increasing use for many applications and have competed effectively against copper, aluminium and iron-based foundry alloys. However, the elevated temperature (〉 100°C) properties of zinc-aluminium alloys are unsatisfactory and restrict their use in some applications. One viable approach to improving the elevated temperature properties is to reinforce the zinc-aluminium alloys with alumina fibres. In this investigation, the mechanical properties of a Zn-Al alloy reinforced with alumina fibres were evaluated. Tensile, compression and impact properties were determined at 25, 100 and 150°C. Lubricated wear tests were also performed on the unreinforced alloy and composites. It was found that although fibre reinforcement did result in some improvement of tensile and compression properties at elevated temperatures, the composites had poor toughness and ductility. The presence of a brittle SiO2 layer at the fibre/matrix interfaces resulted in fibre/matrix decohesion under tensile loading, impairing the performance of the reinforced materials. Some improvement in wear resistance was noted for the composite materials but fibre reinforcement did not yield significant improvement in fatigue resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01119723
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of graphite-aluminium composites using analytical electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 1827-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Exposure of graphite fibre/aluminium composites to elevated temperatures, such as those used for processing, can lead to degradation of the mechanical properties. Analytical electron microscopy has been used to examine the phases formed during the heat treatment of the following materials: (a) wire tows of AA6061 aluminium, reinforced with TiB x -coated fibres, and (b) bulk composites produced by hot pressing the tows within a cladding of AA6061. In the tow material, relatively little interaction between the fibres and matrix was observed. Precipitation at the fibre/matrix interface was considerably more advanced in the as-processed bulk composite. Heat-treating both materials at temperatures in the range 580–700 °C resulted in increasingly severe interfacial reactions. Generally, the microstructures at the fibre/matrix interfaces were considerably more complex than reported in previous work. The following phases have been identified following processing or heat-treatment: Al4C3, α′FeSiAl, magnesium spinel, elemental silicon, TiAl3, MgO, βFeSiAl and a “quarternary phase”, MgSiAl(NiCu), together with amorphous oxides and porosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01107210
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