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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfabrication Technology for the Production of Capillary Array Electrophoresis Chips (1998)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 1 (1998), S. 7-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: DNA Analysis ; capillary array electrophoresis ; confocal fluorescence detection ; multiplex sample injection ; glass micromachining ; capillary electrophoresis chips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Improvements in the fabrication, sample handling and electrical addressing of capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) chips have permitted the development of high density, high-throughput devices capable of analyzing 48 samples in about 20 minutes. The fabrication of high density capillary arrays on 10 cm diameter substrates required the characterization of glasses that yield high quality etches and the development of improved sacrificial etch masks. Using these improved fabrication techniques, high-quality, deep channel etches are routinely obtained. Methods for bonding large area substrates and for drilling arrays of 100 or more access holes have also been developed. For easier sample introduction, we use an array of sample wells fabricated from an elastomeric sheet. The practicality of these technologies is demonstrated through the analysis of 12 DNA samples in parallel on a microfabricated CAE chip, the development of methods for injecting multiple samples onto a single capillary without cross contamination, and the operation of a microfabricated array of 12 capillaries with 4 sample injections per capillary that can analyze 48 samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009922004301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential Estimation of the Maximum in a Model for Corrosion Data (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 52 (2000), S. 646-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Corrosion data ; precise estimation ; extreme value theory ; stopping rule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract One method of monitoring corrosion in an underground storage tank involves placing a sensor in the tank and running it around the tank's interior. As it runs, the sensor records the local thickness of the tank. In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the maximum pit depth by providing a confidence interval that achieves both a specified confidence level and a specified degree of precision. A particular model, the three-parameter beta, is considered, and a stopping rule for determining the sample size is proposed. It is shown that the stopping rule achieves the desired confidence level and precision, asymptotically as the precision requirement becomes increasingly stringent. Moreover, the stopping rule is asymptotically efficient in terms of sample size. The limiting distribution of the stopping rule is derived, and simulation results are presented to supplement the asymptotics with finite sample size behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017569108778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential estimation in regression models using analogues of trimmed means (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 41 (1989), S. 521-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Fixed-size confidence region ; asymptotic efficiency ; asymptotic consistency ; residual ; order statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A sequential procedure is proposed for constructing a fixed-size confidence region for the parameters of a linear regression model. The procedure is based on certain regression analogues of trimmed means, as formulated by Welsh (1987,Ann. Statist.,15, 20–36), rather than least squares estimates. For error distributions with continuous, symmetric density and some moment higher than fourth finite, if the design points of the model are bounded, then the procedure is both asymptotically consistent and asymptotically efficient as the size of the region approaches zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00050666
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bounding the L1 Distance in Nonparametric Density Estimation (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 49 (1997), S. 57-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Density estimation ; mean integrated absolute error ; stopping rule ; sequential estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let X1, X2, ..., Xn be i.i.d. random variables with common unknown density function f. We are interested in estimating the unknown density f with bounded Mean Integrated Absolute Error (MIAE). Devroye and Győrfi (1985, Nonparametric Density Estimation: The L1 View, Wiley, New York) obtained asymptotic bounds for the MIAE in estimating f by a kernel estimate fn. Using these bounds one can identify an appropriate sample size such that an asymptotic upper bound for the MIAE is smaller than some pre-assigned quantity w 〉 0. But this sample size depends on the unknown density f. Hence there is no fixed sample size that can be used to solve the problem of bounding the MIAE. In this work we propose stopping rules and two-stage procedures for bounding the L1 distance. We show that these procedures are asymptotically optimal in a certain sense as w → 0, i.e., as one requires increasingly better fit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003110605331
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical stability of the cyclic Richardson iteration (1991)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 60 (1991), S. 251-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65F10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The success of the cyclic Richardson iteration depends on the proper ordering of the acceleration parameters. We give a rigorous error analysis to show that, with the proper ordering, the relative error in the iterative method, when properly terminated, is not larger than the error incurred in stable direct methods such as Cholesky factorization. For both the computed approximation $$\tilde u$$ tou=L −1f satisfies $$\left\| {u - \tilde u} \right\|$$ ≦ cond (L)‖u‖2−t and this bound is attainable. We also show that the residual norm $$\left\| {f - L\tilde u} \right\|$$ is bounded by ‖L‖ cond $$(L)\left\| {\tilde u} \right\|2^{ - t} $$ . This bound is attainable for a small cycle lengthN. Our analysis suggests that for a larger cycle lengthN the residuals are bounded by $$\sqrt {cond(L)} \left\| L \right\|\left\| {\tilde u} \right\|2^{ - t} $$ . We construct a theoretical example in which this bound is attainable. However we observed in all numerical tests that ultimately the residual norms were of order $$\left\| L \right\|\left\| {\tilde u} \right\|2^{ - t} $$ . We explain why in practice even the factor $$\sqrt {cond(L)} $$ is never encountered. Therefore the residual stopping criterion for the Richardson iteration appears to be very reliable and the method itself appears to be stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01385724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essential versus alternative foods of insect predators: benefits of a mixed diet (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 121 (1999), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Coccinellidae ; Diet ; Oviposition ; Predation ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although many predatory insects appear to be opportunistic generalists in their selection of prey, only a subset of prey species may in fact serve as “essential foods” capable of supporting immature growth and adult reproduction. It has been suggested that other, “alternative foods” serve only to maintain the predator when essential foods are not available, but little research has evaluated the significance of a mixed diet of essential and alternative foods for predator growth or reproduction. Here we test the general hypothesis that although alternative prey may be inadequate to support reproduction when consumed alone by adult predators, consumption of such prey may enhance the predator's reproductive output when the predator also has access to essential prey. We compared egg production by two aphidophagous lady beetles, Coccinella septempunctata and C. transversoguttata, provided with diets of aphids (essential prey) and weevils (alternative prey). As predicted, female predators produced greater numbers of eggs when a diet of pea aphids in limited number was supplemented by alfalfa weevil larvae. The predators laid no eggs when provided only with weevils or only with sugar. But once aphids were added to the diet, females of C. transversoguttata (but not C. septempunctata) laid eggs in greater numbers when they had fed previously on weevils than on sugar. Females of both species also produced eggs in modest numbers when provided with both weevils in excess and sugar, but this diet supported a lower rate of egg production than did a diet of weevils in excess plus a limited number of aphids. Although C. septempunctata has a longer history of association with the alfalfa weevil than does C. transversoguttata, the former species was not more effective in exploiting this alternative prey in support of reproduction. The tendency of generalist predators such as adult lady beetles to consume alternative as well as essential prey probably enhances considerably their ability to capitalize on short-lived and scattered opportunities as they seek out suitable sites in which to reproduce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050911
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue behaviour of hybrid composites (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3732-3743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of the fatigue behaviour of carbon/Kevlar-49/epoxy hybrid composites. Stress-life data have been obtained for both unidirectional and [(±45, 0, 0)2]s laminates in repeated tension and compression-tension cycling tests at various values of the stress (or R) ratio. Goodman (constant life) diagrams are presented for the unidirectional composites which indicate that the fatigue resistance of hybrid mixtures varies linearly with composition. The presence of the Aramid fibre, whose natural resistance to compression loads is suspect, does not appear to exert any unexpected damaging influence on the response of the hybrids either in tensile or tension-compression loading. This is also true of the behaviour of hybrid laminates containing plies at an angle to the main loading direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540521
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue behaviour of hybrid composites (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of the fatigue behaviour in repeated tension of unidirectional and [(±45, 0, 0)2]s hybrid laminates composed of XAS carbon fibres and E-glass fibres in the same 913 epoxy resin. The ordinary mechanical properties of these composites are close to those predicted by simple, conventional models of hybrid behaviour. For the unidirectional materials, the fatigue stress for a given life is not a linear function of composition, showing a substantial positive deviation from the rule of mixtures. This behaviour closely mirrors that of unidirectional carbon-Kevlar hybrids reported in Part 1 of this work. In terms of strain-life comparisons, results for all hybrid compositions and plain carbon fibre reinforced plastic fall within a single scatter-band. These features are also reflected in the fatigue behaviour of the more complex hybrid laminate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660958
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of glutamine synthetase genes in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 761-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: glutamine synthetase ; leaves ; light regulation ; nitrogen metabolism ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; photorespiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity increased over three-fold in developing primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. This increase was shown to be the result of differential expression of three members of the GS gene family: gln-α and gln-β, which encode cytosolic GS polypeptides, and gln-δ, which encodes the chloroplast-located GS. The gln-δ gene was the most highly expressed GS gene and was regulated in a complex manner with two different transcripts accumulating differentially during leaf development. This gene was expressed weakly in the dark and was induced strongly by lingt; this induction was shown not to be an indirect effect of photorespiration. In the long term, gln-δ showed increased expression in photorespiring compared with non-photorespiring leaves. However, in the short term, there was no induction of gln-δ following transfer of plants to photorespiratory conditions. These results suggest that regulation of gln-δ by photorespiration was the result of indirect, long-term effects on cellular metabolism. In general, in all these experiments, analysis of cytosolic versus chloroplastic GS polypeptides and of the GS isoenzyme profiles showed the same pattern of changes in abundance as that observed for the mRNAs suggesting that regulation of GS gene expression occurred primarily at the mRNA level. However, it was noteworthy that the δ isoenzyme remained at a high abundance in older leaves, grown in both light and dark, despite a decrease in abundance of gln-δ mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037059
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of some sequential procedures with related optimal stopping rules (1985)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 70 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary For the problem of estimating the mean of independent, identically distributed random variables, with loss equal to a linear combination of squared error and sample size, certain sequential procedures have been shown to be asymptotically optimal when compared with the best fixed sample size rule. In this paper it is shown that these procedures are asymptotically suboptimal when compared with a closely related optimal stopping rule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00534872
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