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  • Articles  (3,637)
  • Springer  (2,234)
  • Springer Nature  (1,152)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (251)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Biology  (3,637)
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  • Articles  (3,637)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphate mobilization from striated muscle following parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 278-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats resulted in a significant reduction in inorganic phosphate content of a variety of striated muscles. Most other organs were unaffected. Much of the extra urinary phosphate present after parathyroid hormone stimulation may be released from the muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02124111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased liver calcium after calcium or milk gavage in rats (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 546-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary For 1 or 2 h following a gavage of milk or 300 mM CaCl2 (2 ml/100 g b.wt), rats had an increased liver calcium content when compared to rats receiving a deionized water gavage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01922265
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Age on the Expression of Pex (Phex) in the Mouse (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words:Pex— Age — Mice — X-linked hypophosphatemia —Phex.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Pex is a newly discovered gene (also called Phex) whose mutation is the cause of X-linked hypophosphatemia. Other members of this gene family encode endopeptidases that activate or inactivate endocrine and paracrine factors. Though embryonic bone expresses mRNA for the Pex gene at relatively high levels, we have found Pex expression to be widespread in adult organs and to be poorly expressed in adult bone. This led to the hypothesis that Pex mRNA expression changes with age. To test this, genetically normal mice of the B6C3H hybrid strain were studied at 0 (newborn), 2, 3, 10, and 72 weeks of age. Organs known to express Pex were collected, and RNA was extracted from them. Following reverse transcription, cDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with primers for Pex and G3PDH, a housekeeping gene. The amplimers were separated by electrophoresis, blotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized with radioactively labeled internal oligonucleotide probes. The radioactivity was quantified, and the data were analyzed as the Pex/G3PDH ratio. The brain samples had high levels of Pex mRNA expression that rose slightly with age. Calvaria, kidney, and lung samples had the highest Pex mRNA expression at birth. In these organs Pex mRNA expression fell with age to undetectable or barely detectable levels. Thymus, heart, and skeletal muscle samples had low Pex mRNA expression at birth that did not change with age. Some organs showed a decline in G3PDH levels with age, but Pex expression decreased more, leading to a reduced Pex/G3PDH ratio. The widespread expression of mRNA for Pex suggests a role beyond that of phosphate homeostasis. The high level of expression in newborn animals suggests a role in growth and development. This seems to occur in addition to its role for the endocrine regulation of phosphate homeostasis by as yet unknown humoral agents that must occur throughout life. In summary, Pex mRNA expression is high in brain and bone at birth. Expression remains high in brain with age but falls with age in bone, kidney, and lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discharge regime and the effect of drying on macroinvertebrate communities in a temporary karst stream in East Westphalia (Germany) (2000)
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 62 (2000), S. 216-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Karst stream, macroinvertebrates, temporary stream, discharge regime, low flow, stream drying.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The special hydrological situation of temporary streams has a great influence on the abiotic processes and other habitat conditions for organisms. To monitor possible impacts of stream drying on the composition of lotic communities, streamflow measurements and collections of the macrozoobenthos were conducted in a temporary and an adjacent upstream permanent section of the karst stream Sauer (East Westphalia, Germany) in 1996. The Sauer has a summer-dry temporary flow regime. The seasonal dry phase can last from spring to early autumn, so the duration of the dry phase varies from one to several months, increasing with distance downstream from the upstream permanent section. The number of invertebrate taxa and individuals decreases with increasing duration of the dry phase. The permanent section is characterized by taxa typical of montane and submontane streams, whereas the fauna of the temporary section is quite different, composed of representatives of various zonal areas. Limnephilid caddisflies are particularly characteristic of this section. Life cycle strategies and specific adaptations with respect to habitat drying are discussed for several species. It can be concluded that the temporary discharge regime of the karst stream Sauer has a clear effect on the invertebrate communities. They mainly consist of species which can be seen as characteristic faunal elements of temporary streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001333
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteomalacia and altered magnesium metabolism in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone diseases ; Familial hypophosphatemia ; Magnesium ; Mice ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new genetic mutant in mice,Hyp, has been proposed as a model for the human disease X-linked hypophosphatemia (the most common form of vitamin D-resistant rickets). The gene is X-linked, dominant, and produces reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, hypophosphatemia, and dwarfism. Our goal was to evaluate the skeletal changes histologically and to measure chemically the prominant blood and bone minerals to judge the suitability of this mutant as a model for the human disease. Thirteen-week-old hemizygousHyp male mice were compared with their normal littermate controls. TheHyp mice were hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic, hypermagnesemic, and had elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase. The femur ash weighed less than half the normal ash weight but had a normal Ca:P ratio. The ash composition was high in %Na and K but low in %Mg. The mandibular incisor ash was also low in %Mg. Histologically the femur showed wide osteoid borders and wide epiphyseal plate. Microradiography revealed reduced bone density and enlarged osteocyte lacunae. Skeletal muscle samples, although smaller in theHyp mice, showed no striking alternations in inorganic or total phosphate content, dry weight (as % wet weight), or extracellular fluid space. TheHyp gene in mice seems to produce a condition similar to that of X-linked hypophosphatemia in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441156
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolites of vitamin D in normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Hyp ; X-linked hypophosphatemia ; Metabolic bone disease ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Hyp mice are a model for human X-linked hypophosphatemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets.) To determine whether an abnormality of vitamin D metabolism exists in this disease, the profiles of the metabolites of vitamin D were determined in normal andHyp mouse plasma.Hyp and normal mice were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and received 1,23H-vitamin D3 at 16 Ci/mmol by stomach tube at 5 ng/g body weight (0.21 µCi/g b.w.) on alternate days for 14 days. The dose of vitamin D given maintained near normal plasma 25-OH-vitamin D. Thus the mice were in a vitamin D-replete state with all metabolite pools labeled with3H. Plasma was collected from 4 normal and 4Hyp mice. The plasma was extracted, and the extracts were chromatographed separately for each mouse on an LH-20 column. Each major peak of radioactivity was rechromatographed using high performance liquid chromatography on a Zorbax-Sil column using solvent systems known to resolve several vitamin D metabolites. Twenty-one radioactive peaks were identified. The disintegrations per minute of3H in each peak were quantified and converted to plasma concentration using the known specific activity of the administered vitamin D. The 25-OH-vitamin D accounted for 55% of the circulating radioactivity, and 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D accounted for 22%. The plasma levels of 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D were similar to levels previously reported by us using protein binding assays. No peaks of radioactivity were missing in the plasma extracts of theHyp mice. Also there was no evidence that plasma 24,25-(OH)2-vitamin D was elevated in theHyp mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405387
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interspike interval method for computing phase locking from neural firing (2000)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 82 (2000), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Inner hair cells (IHCs) transform the mechanical movements of the basilar membrane into electrical impulses. The impulse coding of the IHCs is the main information carrier in the auditory process and is the basis for improvements of cochlea implants as well as for low rate, high-quality speech processing and compression. This paper shows how to compute the speech signal from the neural firing based on the analysis of the interspike interval histogram. This new approach solves problems that other standard analysis methods do not solve sufficiently well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050582
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkung der Bestrahlung mit ultraviolettem Licht auf Mikroorganismen, untersucht an Einzell-Kulturen (1958)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 31 (1958), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über Versuche berichtet, in denen Sporen von Oospora lactis einzeln mit ultraviolettem Licht von der Wellenlänge 257 mμ bestrahlt und auch einzeln in ihrem weiteren Schicksal verfolgt wurden. Die Dosis wurde so gewählt, daß etwa die Hälfte der 90–100 bestrahlten Individuen überlebte, die andere Hälfte letal geschädigt wurde. Ein kleiner Anteil der so bestrahlten Individuen zeigte Wachstumsanomalien, die längere Zeit, auch über mehrere Einzell-Subkulturen hinweg, erhalten blieben, aber schließlich auf normale Formen hin regenerierten. Entsprechend den gefundenen Wachstumsanomalien ließen sich cytologische teilweise Veränderungen der Kernsubstanz (Kernpyknose, Kernzerfall), des Protoplasmas (Verfettung, Hydratation) und der Hyphenmembran (Deformationen an den Zellengrenzen und Hyphenenden, Behinderung der Oidienbildung und- abschnürung) nachweisen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409977
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Absorption ultravioletter Strahlen durch Kutikular- und Wachsschichten von Blättern. I (1941)
    Springer
    Planta 32 (1941), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 1. Die Absorption ultravioletten Lichtes von der Wellenlänge λ=3500–2750 Å durch verschiedene Pflanzenwachse wurde photographisch und spektrophotometrisch untersucht. DasKutinwachs vonClivia nibilis, dasKorkwachs Friedelin sowie dieOberflächenwachse vonPinus silvestris, Ricinus communis, Brassica oleracea undCopernicia cerifera wurden geprüft. 2. Photographische Aufnahmen im genannten Wellenlängengebiet ergeben nur eine geringe Absorption des Lichtes durch die Wachse. Als Ausnahme konnte beiClivia-Epidermen durch die Wachsextraktion eine erhebliche Zunahme der Durchlässigkeit für langwelliges, ultraviolettes Licht festgestellt werden. 3. Die spektrophotometrische Untersuchung von Lösungen desPinus-, Copernicia- undKorkwaches in Chloroform ergibt einemaximale Extinktion bei λ=3000–2900 Å. Die Extinktionskurve desRicinus-Wachses weist im untersuchten Spektralgebiet kein Maximum auf, sondern steigt stetig mit abnehmender Wellenlänge. 4. Die Berechnung der Absorption für die auf den Pflanzen vorkommenden, kompakten Wachsschichten ergibt, daß durch Wachsauflagerungen von 1–2 μ Dicke eine Schwächung des auffallenden ultravioletten Lichtes um das 1,1–1,3 fache eintritt. Beim Durchgang durch Schichten von 15 μ Dicke wie beiCopernicia, wird die ursprüngliche Lichtintensität auf etwa 1/9 reduziert.Pinus-Wachs weist die weitaus stärkste Absorption der untersuchten Substanzen auf. Die Untersuchungen wurden zum Teil im pflanzenphysiologischen Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule in Zürich durchgeführt. Wir sprechen dessen Vorstand, Herrn Prof. Dr.Frey-Wyssling, für das Interesse, welches er unserer Arbeit entgegenbrachte, den besten Dank aus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02175414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous and environmental factors influence 35S promoter methylation of a maize A1 gene construct in transgenic petunia and its colour phenotype (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 231 (1992), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: A1 gene ; Petunia hybrida ; field experiment ; DNA methylation ; Environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 30000 transgenic petunia plants carrying a single copy of the maize A1 gene, encoding a dihydroflavonol reductase, which confers a salmon red flower colour phenotype on the petunia plant, were grown in a field test. During the growing season plants with flowers deviating from this salmon red colour, such as those showing white or variegated phenotypes and plants with flowers exhibiting only weak pigmentation were observed with varying frequencies. While four white flowering plants were shown at the molecular level to be mutants in which part of the A1 gene had been deleted, other white flowering plants, as well as 13 representative plants tested out of a total of 57 variegated individuals were not mutants but rather showed hypermethylation of the 35S promoter directing A1 gene expression. This was in contrast to the homogeneous fully red flowering plants in which no methylation of the 35S promoter was observed. While blossoms on plants flowering early in the season were predominantly red, later flowers on the same plants showed weaker coloration. Once again the reduction of the A1-specific phenotype correlated with the methylation of the 35S promoter. This variation in coloration seems to be dependent not only on exogenous but also on endogenous factors such as the age of the parental plant from which the seed was derived or the time at which crosses were made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292701
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