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  • Compound eye  (7)
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer Nature
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  • Springer  (7)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between temperature-induced changes and effects caused by dark/light adaptation in the eyes of two species of Antarctic crustaceans (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptors ; Temperature effects ; Compound eye ; Visual membrane ; Crustaceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amphipod, Orchomene plebs, and the isopod, Glyptonotus antarcticus, both adapted to live in seawater of a temperature of-2° to 0° C, were kept for 7h at the unphysiologically high temperature of +10° C. Temperature elevation appeared to mimic light adaptation with regard to the position of the screening pigment granules within the visual cells, but not with respect to ultrastructural changes in the microvillar array of the rhabdom, i.e. the visual membranes. Cellular metabolism, membranous fatty acid composition, and ion fluxes, all known to be readily affected by an increase in temperature, are thought to be responsible for the observed effects. Pigment granules could possibly cause an elevation of intracellular temperatures due to the fact that they are dark and dissipate absorbed energy as heat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215706
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does age matter in studying the crustacean eye? (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Growth ; Development ; Age ; Crustacean ; Petrolisthes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty randomly selected publications dealing with aspects of crustacean vision had theirMaterials and methods sections examined. In half of the articles gleaned, only the name of the animal under study was given; the other half mentioned “adult” or “mature” animals; twelve papers provided information on size or age of the experimental animal and six gave the sex. InPetrolisthes elongatus, rhabdom microvilli not only become more regular in outline as the animal grows, but also decrease in diameter from 90.4±21.2 nm in crabs of 5.0–8.9 mm carapace length via 86.6±13 nm in crabs of 9.0–12.9 mm carapace length to 79.7±7 nm in crabs of 13.0–16.9 mm carapace length. Approximately 400 cross sectional diameters of microvilli from identical regions in four eyes of each size class were measured and provided the basis for Anova-, Levene-, andt-tests. The three size classes possess microvilli of significantly different diameters and standard deviations. Our observations show that investigators of the crustacean photoreceptor have frequently neglected to consider the size of their experimental animals, but that this practice should not be continued as the now documented changes in microvillus diameters may influence the amount of visual pigment present and, thus, the photoreceptor's sensitivity to light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural specializations of the cornea and retina at the dorsal rim of the compound eye in hymenopteran insects (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fine structure ; Cornea ; Retina ; Compound eye ; Hymenopteran insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Structurally specialized ommatidia at the dorsal rim of the compound eyes of honey bees have been shown to be indispensable for polarized skylight navigation. In this study numerous other hymenopteran genera belonging to various superfamilies are shown to exhibit similar specializations in this part of the eye: (1) The cornea is penetrated by pore canals, which affect the optics of the ommatidia by scattering the light falling into the eye. In Andrena and Ammophila the cornea contains extensive cavities. (2) Each retinula contains 9 long receptor cells as opposed to 8 long ones in the adjacent dorsal area, and the rhabdom area is increased by a factor of up to 2. In all ant species examined there are no corneal but only retinal specializations at the dorsal rim of the eye. They include a specially shaped rhabdom as in Cataglyphis, in which polarization vision has also been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214897
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval and adult eye of the Western Rock Lobster (Panulirus longipes) (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 439-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Crustacea ; Photoreceptor fine structure ; Dark/light-adaptation ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Strukturelle Unterschiede bestehen zwischen dem larvalen und adulten Auge der Languste Panulirus longipes. Im Larvenstadium ist das Auge vom Appositionstypus, aber sobald die freischwimmende Larve ihr planktonisches Leben aufgibt, verändert sich das Auge zu einem „Superpositionsapparat”, dessen Charakteristikum die zwischen dioptrischen und rezipierenden Teil geschobene pigmentfreie Zone ist. Im Larvenauge ist das gesamte spindelförmige Rhabdom gebändert; im Auge des adulten Tieres hingegen bleibt nur ein kleiner distaler Teil gebändert. Beide Augentypen besitzen eine unscheinbare, distal gelagerte achte Sehzelle. Diese zeigt rechtwinklig angeordnete Mikrovilli,die eine bislang unbekannte linsenförmige, kristallähnliche Struktur umgeben. Im Tag/Nacht-Rhythmus ablaufende Pigmentverschiebungen haben Veränderungen der Empfindlichkeit und des Auflösungsvermögens der Augen zur Folge. Axone der Retinulazellen eines Ommatidiums verlassen das Auge nicht als gemeinsames Bündel, sondern vereinigen sich nach einem regelmäßigen Muster mit denen von vier Nachbarommatidien.
    Notes: Summary A number of differences exists between the compound eyes of larval and adult rock lobsters, Panulirus longipes. The larval eye more closely resembles the apposition type of compound eye, in which retinula cells and rhabdom lie immediately below the cone cells. The adult eye, on the other hand, is a typical clear-zone photoreceptor in which cones and retinula cell layers are separated by a wide transparent region. The rhabdom of the larval eye, if cut longitudinally, exhibits a “banded” structure over its entire length; in the adult the banded part is confined to the distal end, and the rhabdom is tiered. Both eyes have in common an eighth, distally-located retinula cell, which possesses orthogonally-oriented microvilli, and a peculiar lens-shaped “crystal”, which appears to focus light onto the narrow column of the distal rhabdom. Migration of screening pigment on dark-light adaptation is accompanied by changes in sensitivity and resolution of the eye. Retinula cells belonging to one ommatidium do not arrange into one single bundle of axons, but interweave with axons of four neighbouring facets in an extraordinarily regular fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209345
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pore canals in the cornea of a functionally specialized area of the honey bee's compound eye (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 491-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Cornea ; Compound eye ; Honey bee (Apis mellifera)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the cornea in an anatomically and functionally specialized part of the honey bee's compound eye (dorsal rim area) was examined by light microscopy, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. Under incident illumination the cornea appears grey and cloudy, leaving only the centers of the corneal lenses clear. This is due to numerous pore canals that penetrate the cornea from the inside, ending a few μm below the outer surface. They consist of (1) a small cylindrical cellular evagination of a pigment cell (proximal), and (2) a rugged-walled, pinetree-shaped extracellular part (distal). The functional significance of these pore canals is discussed. It is concluded that their light scattering properties cause the wide visual fields of the photoreceptor cells measured electrophysiologically in the dorsal rim area, and that this is related to the way this eye region detects polarization in skylight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238646
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological specializations of dorsal rim ommatidia in the compound eye of dragonflies and damselfies (Odonata) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Photoreceptor cells ; Polarized light ; Sympetrum striolatum, Aeshna cyanea, Ischnura elegans (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the fine structure of dorsal rim ommatidia in the compound eye of the three odonate species Sympetrum striolatum, Aeshna cyanea and Ischnura elegans. These ommatidia exhibit several specializations: (1) the rhabdoms are very short, (2) there is no rhabdomeric twist, and (3) the rhabdoms contain only two, orthogonally-arranged microvillar orientations. The dorsal rim ommatidia of several other insect species are known to be anatomically specialized in a similar way and to be responsible for polarization vision. We suggest that the dorsal rim area of the odonate compound eye plays a similar role in polarization vision. Since the Odonata are a primitive group of insects, the use of polarized skylight for navigation may have developed early in insect phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323566
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specialized ommatidia for polarization vision in the compound eye of cockchafers, Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 419-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Cornea ; Photoreceptor cells ; Polarized light detection ; Melolontha melolontha (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The superposition eye of the cockchafer, Melolontha melolontha, exhibits the typical features of many nocturnal and crepuscular scarabaeid beetles: the dioptric apparatus of each ommatidium consists of a thick corneal lens with a strong inner convexity attached to a crystalline cone, that is surrounded by two primary and 9–11 secondary pigment cells. The clear zone contains the unpigmented extensions of the secondary pigment cells, which surround the cell bodies of seven retinula (receptor) cells per ommatidium and a retinular tract formed by them. The seven-lobed fused rhabdoms are composed by the rhabdomeres of the receptor cells 1–7. The rhabdoms are optically separated from each other by a tracheal sheath around the retinulae. The orientation of the microvilli diverges in a fan-like fashion within each rhabdomere. The proximally situated retinula cell 8 does not form a rhabdomere. This standard form of ommatidium stands in contrast to another type of ommatidium found in the dorsal rim area of the eye. The dorsal rim ommatidia are characterized by the following anatomical specializations: (1) The corneal lenses are not clear but contain light-scattering, bubble-like inclusions. (2) The rhabdom length is increased approximately by a factor of two. (3) The rhabdoms have unlobed shapes. (4) Within each rhabdomere the microvilli are parallel to each other. The microvilli of receptor 1 are oriented 90° to those of receptors 2–7. (5) The tracheal sheaths around the retinulae are missing. These findings indicate that the photoreceptors of the dorsal rim area are strongly polarization sensitive and have large visual fields. In the dorsal rim ommatidia of other insects, functionally similar anatomical specializations have been found. In these species, the dorsal rim area of the eye was demonstrated to be the eye region that is responsible for the detection of polarized light. We suggest that the dorsal rim area of the cockchafer eye subserves the same function and that the beetles use the polarization pattern of the sky for orientation during their migrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319148
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