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  • Springer  (50)
  • Institute of Physics  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics  (18)
  • Springer Nature  (13)
  • Oxford University Press  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 70 (2000), S. 479-488 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Traction drive ; friction ; contact ; rheology ; thermal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  In automotive traction drives, power is transmitted by friction forces. The friction forces result from the shear stresses developed in lubricated and highly loaded contacts between rolling bodies. Due to the kinematics of a traction drive, shear velocities occur in both the rolling direction and perpendicular to it. Due to these shear velocities and by normal pressure, the lubricant is forced to build up shear stresses. The increase of the shear stresses may be modelled by a nonlinear viscous element. The describing differential equations are coupled by the equivalent shear stress, which defines the nonlinear behaviour of the element. A fast method is described to evaluate the coupled differential equations. By using a known analytical approximation for the equivalent shear stress, the differential equations are decoupled and can be solved analytically. In an iterative procedure the equivalent shear stress is updated, and the complete solution is found. The iterative method is extended to account for thermal effects in the contact.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 62 (1992), S. 361-362 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 64 (1994), S. 395-407 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Präzisionswaagen mit einem Auflösevermögen bis 107 sind extrem empfindlich gegenüber Fehlertoleranzen ihrer Bauteile. Insbesondere setzt der Reglerentwurf für solche Waagen die Kenntnis solcher Fehlereinflüsse voraus. Da das Modell einen Frequenzbereich bis 4 kHz abbilden muß, werden bis zu 200 Freiheitsgrade mit einer Vielzahl elastischer Eigenformen berücksichtigt. Das System ist dynamisch zwar linear, enthält die Bauparameter jedoch in nichtlinearer Form. Die für die Reglerauslegung wichtigen Abweichungen von der mittleren Amplitudenfrequenzfunktion werden in folgender Weise bestimt: Gegeben sind ein nominaler Parametersatz und alle Fehlertoleranzen aus Konstruktion und Fertigung. Gesucht ist diejenige Kombination von Bauparametern und ihrer Toleranzen, die bei jeder Frequenz die maximale Abweichung von der nominalen Frequenzfunktion ergibt. Das daraus folgende nichtlineare Optimierungsproblem liefert zusammen mit einem großen Satz von Ungleichungsnebenbedingungen die Lösung. Von nahezu 500 Bauparametern haben nur etwa 20 Parameter eine wesentlichen Einfluß, insgesamt etwa 95%, auf die Streuung der Amplitudenfrequenzfunktion.
    Notes: Summary High precision balances with resolutions up to 107 are extremely sensitive to tolerances of the design parameters. The influence of these tolerances with respect to the dynamical behavior of the balance must be known for lay-out purposes of the balance control unit. The balance is modeled within a range of 4 kHz which results in about 200 degrees of freedom including a large number of elastic modes of all components. The system is linear with respect to dynamics but parameter influences are nonlinearly contained in the amplitude-frequency-function. Of central importance for control design is the following problem: Given a nominal set of design parameters and their relevant tolerances as foreseen by design and realized by manufacturing. Given further on the nominal amplitude-frequency-function for that set. Search for that combination of parameters and their tolerances which generate maximum deviations from the nominal amplitude-frequency-function at each frequency. This optimization problem is solved with a series of constraints applying sensitivity analysis for a pre-selection and then maximizing the deviations. Out of nearly 500 parameters of the balance only about 20 parameters have 95% of the influence on the deviations.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 429-442 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words statics ; two-member linkage ; Coulomb friction ; robotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The static interaction of a two-member linkage with a given surface is investigated. Dry friction acts at the point of contact of the linkage with the surface. The linkage has two drives generating torques at its joints. The optimal distribution of the joint torques is determined to maximize the friction force at the point of contact. The dependence of this maximal force on the lengths of the links and on the linkage configuration is investigated. The results obtained can be applied to the analysis and optimization of various robotic systems, in particular, manipulators interacting with rough surfaces and walking machines, especially tube-crawling robots.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 503-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Unilateral contact ; multibody dynamics ; complementarity ; friction ; impact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Contact processes may be described by local discretizations, by rigid representation or by mixed methods incorporating both ideas. A rigid body approach is proposed for the dynamics of mechanical systems, achieving good results also for multiple-contact problems. Contacts in multibody systems are mainly considered, with the corresponding contact constraints varying with time, thus generating structure-variant systems. The equations of motion for dynamical systems with such unilateral behavior are discussed, solution methods and applications are presented.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 69 (1999), S. 265-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Multibody system ; contact ; unilateral constraint ; Coulomb friction ; stick-slip ; variational inequality.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Couplings in machines and mechanisms exhibiting backlash and friction phenomena can be modeled as multibody systems with unilateral constraints and Coulomb friction. The structure of the differential-algebraic equations describing the system depends on the state of the constraints. The contact forces occurring at active constraints are taken into account in the equations of motion as Lagrange multipliers. Additionally, the kinematic conditions of all active constraints are formulated on the acceleration level. Contact and friction laws are sufficient conditions for state transitions of active constraints, and are represented by nonsmooth characteristics. Several formulations, like the linear complementarity problem, and two different nonlinear systems of equations are presented together with their solution method. The theory is applied to a mechanical system containing three-dimensional and coupled unilateral constraints with friction.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 390-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: virtual work ; electromechanical systems ; unifying modelling ; constraints ; mechatronics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The principle of virtual work is applied to electromechanical systems as the foundation of a unifying concept for modelling mechatronical systems. After the presentation of an important result in the field of mechanics, the expansion of the principle on electrical networks and electromechanical systems is shown. The use of the principle of virtual work in the domain of electromechanics yields an analogous form to the central equation of mechanics which is valid for holonomic and nonholonomic systems. The electrotechnical part of the system is confined to networks. The derivation of the mathematical model is demonstrated on the example of a simple electromechanical oscillation circuit. In addition, the physical systems are separately treated, taking into account the explicit constraints on the basis of the Lagrangian multiplier method.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 9 (1994), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Dynamics ; Industrial robots ; Joint elasticity ; Optimal trajectories ; Path planning ; Simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is presented for planning optimal trajectories for application to industrial robots. First, trajectories are optimised by considering the nominal dynamics of a robot with rigid links and joints and with constraints on joint torque and speed. The minimum-time optimisation criterion is complemented by a miminal dynamic energy criterion that leads to smoother actuator inputs that do not excite joint vibrations. Weighting factors for these cost functions are then determined by trial simulations. By these means the effect of controller characteristics and elasticity, friction and backlash in the joints may be taken into account. A minimum-time movement for the real-world robot is obtained which displays the dynamical behaviour predicted in the planning procedure. Results from measurements and simulations for a PUMA 562 robot illustrate the approach. Further improvements may be achieved by a custom controller with the feedforward torques as shown in a comparison of trajectories executed with a VAL2 controller and a custom controller.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 3 (1990), S. 251-258 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Keywords: Robot path planning ; time-optimization ; force control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, a topological method has been established by several authors for the evaluation of time-optimal trajectories for manipulators with tree-like structures and without forces at the gripper, i.e. for free trajectories. In the following, we extend this method to the case of an arbitrary force vector at the robot's hand, which corresponds to some path in contact with a surface. Optimizing the actuator torques in such a way might be seen as a first step to controlling trajectories with regard to position, orientation, and forces in the presence of elasticity. Results of the method confirm the basic ideas of the topological solution.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algorithmica 13 (1995), S. 266-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Graph minors ; NP-completeness ; Planar graphs ; Matching problems ; Treewidth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The computational complexity of a number of problems concerning induced structures in graphs is studied, and compared with the complexity of corresponding problems concerning non-induced structures. The effect on these problems of restricting the input to planar graphs is also considered. The principal results include: (1) Induced Maximum Matching and Induced Directed Path are NP-complete for planar graphs, (2) for every fixed graphH, InducedH-Minor Testing can be accomplished for planar graphs in time0(n), and (3) there are graphsH for which InducedH-Minor Testing is NP-complete for unrestricted input. Some useful structural theorems concerning induced minors are presented, including a bound on the treewidth of planar graphs that exclude a planar induced minor.
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