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  • American Physical Society  (123)
  • American Institute of Physics  (95)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (42)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Political context may play a large role in influencing the efficiency of environmental and health regulations. This case study uses data from a 1989 update of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELS) program to determine the relative effects of legislative mandates, costly acquisition of information by the agency, and pressure applied by special interest groups upon exposure standards. The empirical analysis suggests that federal agencies successfully thwart legislative attempts to limit agency discretion, and that agencies exercise bounded rationality by placing greater emphasis on more easily obtained information. The 1989 PEL were less significantly related to more costly information, contained “safety factors” for chemicals presenting relatively more ambiguous risks, and the proposed standard stringencies showed evidence of beinginfluenced by vying industry and labor interests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 8 (1961), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Paramecium there is no known correlation between the direction of electric current through the membrane and of ciliary beat. One reason is that the Ludloff phenomenon, an anodal shift in the limit of the area of reversal with increased current strength, has seemed contradictory to most other data. However, by assuming Paramecium to be a core conductor immersed in a volume conductor and by applying the laws of polarizing currents it is possible to explain all existing data on reversal of normal ciliary action, and also on activation of cilia in immobilized specimens by electrical current. It is assumed that a threshold degree of depolarization of the normal membrane potential or of current density causes reversal. The Ludloff phenomenon is caused by anodal progression of this degree of depolarization with increasing membranecurrent. If it is also assumed that an increase in the membrane potential of immobilized specimens causes activation in the normal direction, one can predict anodal activation, progression of reversal with decrement in velocity, time course of development of excitation, ancdal stimulation upon “break.” stimulation by linearly rising currents, relative refractory and supernormal periods, effect of angle of orientation, and effect of acetylcholine and antiacetylchoiine esterase. Assumption of a neuromotor system is not needed. However, if available data are interpreted in the manner commonly used for nerve it can be concluded that an active accommodative process exists and possibly also a local excitatory state. A recent “dipolar” theory of galvanotaxis is not acceptable because it does not include ciliary reversal.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 9 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Euglena and Chlamydomonas were cultured in an organic medium in the dark and at several light intensities (15, 60 and 150 ft-c) at temperatures from 20d̀ to 35d̀C. Below 32.5d̀, growth of Euglena was independent of light. Chlamydomonas was light dependent at all temperatures where growth occurred; there was no growth in the dark, at 15 ft-c, or at temperatures above 32.5d̀. At 35d̀, growth of Euglena became inversely light dependent; the higher the illumination, the poorer the growth. Multinucleated, giant euglenas were found at 35d̀, a greater percent of abnormal cells appearing at the higher light intensities. Monsters were not observed in Chlamydomonas.To explain the growth-inhibiting, monster-inducing effect of elevated temperatures on Euglena, it is postulated that a dark-formed thermosensitive protein, essential for normal cell division, is denatured. Light may increase the effect of heat on chlorophyll and the chloroplast, possibly by being converted to intraplastidic heat through the plastid carotenoids, thus having some indirect synergistic role in the phenomenon.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 5 (1958), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. It has been assumed by others that green euglenas and derived bleached forms are physiologically equivalent except for chlorophyll and plastids. Some workers, however, have remarked upon differences which might depend on the mode of bleaching.Several hitherto undescribed chlorotic substrains of E. gracilis var. bacillaris were examined for pigment alteration, growth under a variety of conditions, and ability to withstand high temperature. These studies indicated physiological variation in the different chlorotic substrains. Although all were apparently chlorophyll-less and aplastidic, only one seemed completely achromatic. The carotenoid content of others varied. Metabolic changes manifested by altered pigmentation may reflect enzymatic variation caused by the chlorosis-inducing agents.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 3 (1956), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. Three enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, hitherto not identified in Trichomonas vaginalis, have been studied: phosphoglucomutasse, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase.The identification of seven phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates is reported.The operation of glycolysis in T. vaginalis is postulated from enzymatic as well as chemical studies.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 3 (1956), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. Washed intact cell preparations of T. vaginalis oxidize pyruvate and malate. They are unable to utilize other intermediates of the Krebs cycle. Homogenates of these cells show the same pattern of enzymatic dehydrogenase activity toward the Krebs cycle organic acids. Attempts to inhibit pyruvate oxidation with such Krebs cycle blocking agents as malonate, arsenite, parapyruvate, and fluoroacetate were unsuccessful.Isotopic tracer studies with 2-C14 pyruvate showed that although several, as yet unidentified, compounds incorporated activity during the course of pyruvate metabolism, none of these labeled compounds corresponded to any of the Krebs cycle intermediates.It is concluded that the Krebs cycle is not the pathway for the oxidation of pyruvate in T. vaginalis.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 22 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The shock reaction of Euglena gracilis strain Z to a sudden increase in light intensity (the “direct photophobic response”) was examined by high speed cinemicrography. The response is expressed as a turning reaction toward the dorsal side of the cell, after a transduction time of 0.1–0.5 sec after the onset of stimulation. Transduction times, turning rates, and flagellar beat frequencies were measured by analyzing the filmed sequences. The experimental data are consistent with a mechanism of directional homeostasis in negative phototaxis that is based upon shading of the photoreceptor by the cell's posterior end.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The effect of hexamethonium chloride, an acetyl-choline competitor, on the ciliary and myonemal systems of Spirostomum intermedium and S. ambiguum was investigated. Although the drug caused immobilization of the cilia, severe cell damage often ensued indicating an unspecific action. The general reaction was usually more severe and the ciliary inhibition less in S. ambiguum than in S. intermedium. It is postulated that the general reaction is the result of either membrane depolarization or binding of hexamethonium at the surface. Fed animals were more susceptible to drug action than starved ones. Raising the external potassium level did not affect the drug action.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 14 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Frame by frame analysis of cinephotomicrographs of the evacuation of the water excretory vesicle of Amoeba proteus shows that this organelle (commonly called the “contractile vacuole”) does not contract as the water is expelled. Instead, pressure exerted by the underlying endoplasmic “gel” pushes the vesicle against the plasmalemma, bulging the latter until a pore opens through it. The cell membrane and apposed vesicular membrane both rupture through the plasmalemmar pore; the fluid rushes out; and the vesicle collapses against and inverts into itself, but does not contract. There is therefore no systole of the vesicle due to any contraction of it. A survey of the literature shows that others who have studied the evacuation of these water excretory vesicles in amebas, suctorians, and ciliates have also described them as collapsing, not contracting. Recent electronmicrographs of a number of protozoa also indicate that the water excretory vesicle collapses, and does not contract as it evacuates its contents; and that there are no fibrils surrounding the organelle which might promote its contraction. We suggest that the term “contractile vacuole” be discarded as a descriptive and identifying term for such organelles; and that they be called “water expulsion” organelles. We further suggest that the term “vacuole,” which implies that the structure is empty, be replaced by the term veside, implying its function as a small container, and that the organelle be preferentially called the water expulsion vesicle. We also suggest that the terms “systole” and “diastole” be discarded and be replaced with enlargement and evacuation so that the erroneous implication of a contraction and relaxation cycle may be dispelled.The succeeding new water expulsion vesicle in Amoeba proteus seldom forms at the site of the old one, but usually forms at a new site in the sol anterior to the gel of the tail region, to which it is transferred prior to expulsion. A tentative suggestion of how this transfer may occur is offered.
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