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  • sunflower  (5)
  • Chitin synthetase  (4)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of chitin synthetase and purification of chitosomes from several mycelial Mucorales (1987)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53 (1987), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Chitin synthetase ; chitosomes ; Mucorales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stability of chitin synthetase in cell-free extracts from mycelial fungi was markedly improved by the presence of sucrose in the homogenization media. Breakage of mycelium in sucrose-containing buffer yielded enzyme preparations from which chitosomal chitin synthetase could be purified by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Purified chitosomes catalyzed the synthesis of chitin microfibrils in vitro upon incubation with substrate and activators. Chitosomal chitin synthetase from the filamentous form of M. rouxii was similar to the enzyme from yeast cells, except for the poorer stability and diminished sensitivity to GlcNAc activation of the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393845
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of chitin synthetase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus by calcium and calmodulin (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 280-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chitin synthetase ; Phycomyces blakesleeanus ; Calcium-calmodulin ; Proteases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of basal chitin synthetase in cell-free extracts from Phycomyces blakesleeanus were reduced by breakage of cells in the presence of EDTA or EGTA. Addition of Ca2+ to these extracts activated chitin synthetase. Maximal activation was obtained after 2 h at a Ca2+ concentration of 2–5 mM. Activation by calcium was not reduced by any protease inhibitor tested but benzamidine, whereas the weak proteolytic activity of the extracts was inhibited by antipain. Larger levels of chitin synthetase activation were obtained by the simultaneous addition of calcium and calmodulin in most, but not all extracts. This further activation by calmodulin was prevented by TFP. ATP or cAMP did not stimulate activation by calcium or calcium-calmodulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of chitosomes and secretory vesicles from the “slime” variant of Neurospora crassa (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1987), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: “Slime” variant ; Neurospora ; Chitosomes ; Chitin synthetase ; Secretory vesicles ; Invertase ; Phosphatase ; Membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells from the “slime” variant of Neurospora crassa were broken in isotonic conditions by use of triethanolamine buffer plus EDTA. After removal of large membranous structures by low-speed centrifugation, chitosomes and secretory vesicles were separated by means of gel filtration, precipitation of membranous contaminants with Concanavalin A, and centrifugation in sucrose or glycerol gradients. Polypeptidic composition of fractions enriched in secretory vesicles or chitosomes was found to be distinct. By these criteria we concluded that chitosomes and secretory vesicles represent different populations of microvesicles. Both microvesicular populations appeared free of endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolar contaminants as demonstrated by determination of appropriate enzymatic markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425082
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the vesicular pattern and wall growth ofPhycomyces induced by the calcium ionophore A 23187 (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 148 (1989), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Vesicles ; Phycomyces ; Calcium ionophore ; Chitin synthetase ; Invertase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hyphal elongation, chitin synthesis in vivo, and invertase secretion inPhycomyces blakesleeanus were all inhibited almost instantly by the addition of 5–10 μM calcium ionophore A 23187. Protein biosynthesis was inhibited in these conditions by 30–50%. The ionophore did not affect cell respiration for at least 40 min. Effect on chitin biosynthesis was not due to alterations of the chitin synthetase levels or its activity; nor to impairement in GlcNAc metabolism. In drug-treated cells the number of apical vesicles was severely reduced even at very short periods of incubation, and these low numbers remained constant for at least 60 min of incubation with the ionophore. We suggest that the ionophore collapses the cellular calcium gradient and/or interferes with the normal electrical transhyphal current. As a consequence, formation and migration of apical vesicles are inhibited. These results are further evidence of the role of vesicles in fungal tip growth and exhibit the fact that active chitin synthetase is short-lived in vivo demanding its continuous supply by chitosomes to the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sunflower mutant containing high levels of palmitic acid in high oleic background (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; fatty acids ; palmitic acid ; X-ray mutagenesis ; seed oil ; sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new sunflower mutant, CAS-12, was obtained, which has both high palmitic (≈30%) and high oleic acid contents, and also a substantial amount of palmitoleic acid (≈7%). The mutant was selected after X-ray irradiation of dry seeds of the inbred line BSD-2-423, which had normal palmitic (≈3%) and high oleic (≈88%) acid levels. The increase of palmitic and palmitoleic acids occurred at the expense of the oleic acid content, which decreased to around 55% in respect to the original line. Linoleic acid content is always under 5%. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid levels were similar to those of the high palmitic mutant CAS-5 obtained in a previous programme from a low oleic line isogenic to BSD-2-423 using a similar mutagenic treatment. In that previous programme we also selected three high stearic acid mutants using chemical mutagenic treatment on the same sunflower line (RDF-1-532). We attempted to obtain mutants in other lines but were unsuccessful. The isolation of similar mutants in isogenic parental lines illustrates the importance of the genetic background in the development of specific mutants with an altered seed oil fatty acid composition. The oil of this mutant will increase the range of potential uses of sunflower oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003045726610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of the high oleic acid content in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; sunflower ; oleic acid content ; linoleic acid content ; genetical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sunflower lines breeding true for very high oleic acid content in their oil (average levels higher than 85%) were crossed with standard sunflower lines with mean oleic acid levels of 30%. Analysis of the oil of F1 seeds indicated dominance for high oleic levels and control of the genotype of the embryo. Segregating generations were obtained selfing heterozygous high oleic BCnF1 plants from several generations of a backcrossing program to incorporate the high oleic character to standard inbred lines and testcrossing these plants to low oleic material. Analysis of F2 and testcrossed seeds showed three kind of segregations, in both F2 and testcrossed populations, with different proportions of low, intermediate and high oleic types. Genetic analysis of these data supported the hypothesis, that the high oleic character is controlled by three dominant complementary genes OL1, OL2 and OL3. Additional data showing F1 seeds with intermediate oleic content and segregations for high oleic in progenies of intermediate types, suggest the presence of major factors modifying high oleic acid content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of yield and related traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in dryland and irrigated environments (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus L. ; drought conditions ; rainfed yield ; sunflower ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The definition of a suitable breeding strategy in drought-prone environments is an important task for sunflower breeders. To achieve this task, reliable information on heritability and gene effects on yield and related traits under these conditions is necessary. Thirty six sunflower hybrids were produced by factorial cross of six male-sterile and six restorer lines. Parents and their hybrids were evaluated in eight environments. Six environments consisted of two adjacent trials in the experimental area, the first under irrigation and the second under dryland conditions, during 1987, 1988 and 1992. The other environments were: one early planting trial in dryland conditions, conducted during 1987, and a winter trial planted in January during 1988. Estimates of female variance (σf) were significant for seeds per head, seed weight, head sterile center, days to blooming and oil content. Female × male interactions (σ2 fm) were significant for all characters except harvest index and index of susceptibility to drought. Estimates of narrow sense heritabilities, calculated with information from analyses combined across environments, were 0.65 for yield, 0.80 for seeds per head, 0.84 for seed weight, 0.81 for head diameter, 0.60 for sterile head center, 0.72 for oil content, 0.61 for harvest index, 0.72 for biomass, 0.94 for days to bloom, and 0.42 for drought susceptibility index. Heritability estimates for individual environments showed more variation for yield than for other traits. Estimates for heritability of canopy temperature were high (0.68–0.79). Rainfed yield was positively correlated with yield components and negatively correlated with canopy temperature and susceptibility index. It is concluded that an efficient breeding strategy for sunflower under moderate drought-stressed conditions is the simultaneous selection for seed yield in both rainfed and irrigated environments together with selection for canopy temperature and stem diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003056500991
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific hybridization between sunflower and wild perennial Helianthus species via embryo rescue (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 106 (1999), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Embryo rescue ; Helianthus spp. ; interspecific hybridization ; sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific crosses were made between the cultivated sunflower inbred line HA89 and accessions of five wild perennial Helianthus species (H. giganteus L., H. laevigatus T. & G., H. resinosus Small, H. pauciflorus Nutt. and H. decapetalus L.) resistant to broomrape ( Orobanche cernua Loefl.). Using the genetic male-sterile isogenic version of that line as female, successful reciprocal crosses were also obtained with all these wild species except with H. decapetalus. Five-day-old hybrid embryos were excised and cultured in vitro. In all cases, few mature plants were obtained from embryos in early developmental stages (early heart and globular) but up to 28% mature plants were obtained from embryos in later stages of development. Very immature embryos were difficult to excise without damage. Hybrid embryos and mature plants were obtained from all five wild species. Interspecific hybrid embryos from different wild species showed distinct developmental potentials, the proportion of hybrid embryos in different developmental stages varying among species. Differences in the proportion of hybrid embryos at the several developmental stages were also obtained for the reciprocal crosses (cultivated × wild), which showed higher proportion of fully developed embryos. Hybrids involving H. giganteus and cultivated sunflower were difficult to obtain without the use of embryo culture. Embryo culture proved to be an useful tool to overcome post-zygotic hybrid incompatibility in different Helianthus spp., and facilitated interspecific transfer of resistance to O. cernua.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003524822284
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indicators of resistance of sunflower plant to basal stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): Symptomatological, biochemical, anatomical, and morphological characters of the host (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; sunflower ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ; basal stalk rot ; indicators of resistance ; phenols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The object of this work was a study of the relationship between the field reactions of different sunflower genotypes to basal stalk rot (in terms of severe (dead plants) and incipient wilting, and lesion length) and some biochemical (phenol concentration), morphological (plant height, and stem and flower-bud diameters) and anatomical (xylem and cortical indexes) characters of the host. Plants from 8 inbred lines at closed flower-bud stage were artificially inoculated with mycelium at the base of the stem. The percentage of dead plants for each inbred line and the lesion length and wilting range for individual plants after 7 days were recorded. A positive and highly significant correlation coefficient between the percentage of dead plants and lesion length was found for the three years of the study (r=0.83; P〈0.01). A highly significant association between lesion length and wilting range for individual plants was always found (P=0.00). Postinfectional phenol content exhibited a strong negative correlation with lesion length and the percentage of dead plants in all the experiments (P=0.05). Association between postinfectional phenol content and wilting range for individual plants was significant for all the years studied (P〈0.05). No correlation between phenol levels in healthy plants of the different sunflower genotypes and their susceptibility was found. Morphological characters positively correlated with lesion length but only plant height exhibited significant values for the three years. Associations between wilting range and morphological characters for individual plants were significant for one of the two years analyzed (P〈0.05). Xylem index showed a negative correlation with lesion length which was significant one of the two years studied. The lesion length measure seems to be a simple and direct method for resistance screening before the flowering period. Although strong relations with postinfectional phenol levels were found, their determinations would be too much time consuming and not completely reliable. The relationships between other characters measured and disease resistance would indicate that physiological mechanisms could be related to resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039666
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