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  • Korea  (7)
  • permeability  (7)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana  (5)
  • evolution  (5)
  • Springer  (24)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of human foamy virus-related sequences in the Korean population (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 5 (1998), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Grave's disease ; Human foamy virus ; Korea ; Molecular epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible association of human foamy virus (HFV) with human thyroid disorders such as Graves' disease (GD) has been a topic of controversy due to the inconsistent results reported by several groups of investigators. Here we report the investigation of the presence of HFV-related sequences in the Korean population. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 GD patients and 23 healthy blood donors and subjected to PCR amplification using three sets of nested primers derived fromgag, env, and LTR regions of the HFV genome. Contrary to previously reported studies, our analysis identified HFV-related sequences in the genomes of both healthy individuals and the GD patients. However, the nature of the HFV genome present in each group appeared to be different. We detected all 3 regions of HFV-related sequences in 29% of the HFV-positive GD patients, while no samples in the control group amplified all three regions. This suggests that the LTR may be used as a tool for screening for HFV in GD patients. Our data favor the hypothesis of a relationship between GD and the presence of HFV-related sequences, though in a complex way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255858
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a Human Bio-Engineered Skin Equivalent for Drug Permeation Studies (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 1092-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: drug delivery systems ; skin alternatives ; transdermal drug delivery ; permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To test the barrier function of a bio-engineered human skin (BHS) using three model drugs (caffeine, hydrocortisone, and tamoxifen) in vitro. To investigate the lipid composition and microscopic structure of the BHS. Methods. The human skin substitute was composed of both epidermal and dermal layers, the latter having a bovine collagen matrix. The permeability of the BHS to three model drugs was compared to that obtained in other percutaneous testing models (human cadaver skin, hairless mouse skin, and EpiDerm™). Lipid analysis of the BHS was performed by high performance thin layered chromatrography. Histological evalulation of the BHS was performed using routine H&E staining. Results. The BHS mimicked human skin in terms of lipid composition, gross ultrastructure, and the formation of a stratum corneum. However, the permeability of the BHS to caffeine, hydrocortisone, and tamoxifen was 3-4 fold higher than that of human cadaver skin. Conclusions. In summary, the results indicate that the BHS may be an acceptable in vitro model for drug permeability testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026405712870
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal contamination of soils and dusts in Seoul metropolitan city, Korea (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 17 (1995), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Keywords: Metal contamination ; Seoul ; Korea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the dispersion patterns and the characteristics of heavy metal contamination due to urbanisation and industrialisation, soils and dusts collected from the Seoul area were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The metal concentrations in most soils and dusts are higher than the world averages. The pollution index ((Σ Metal concentrations in soils/Permissible level for metal)÷(Number of metals)) of soils and dusts is 〉 1 in most of the Seoul area, a result that concurs with the industrialisation and urbanisation index of the Seoul area. The soils are contaminated with Cu, Zn, Cd and particularly Pb. This suggests that the contamination of the soils in the Seoul area are mainly caused by vehicular emissions. The pollution index of soil is the highest in the Kuro area where Cu and Zn contamination in soils are due to the indigenous brass and bronze factories. From the discriminant analysis, the Seoul area may be partitioned into control, traffic and industrialized areas by the metal concentrations in the order of Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126082
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new model for impregnation mechanisms in different GF/PP commingled yarns (1994)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 351-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: commingled yarn ; impregnation ; consolidation ; thermoplastics ; processing ; permeability ; mechanical testing ; mathematical modelling ; compression moulding ; glass fibre bed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Impregnation mechanisms of different kinds of GF/PP commingled yarns have been studied. As the reinforcing fibres were always the same, a global description has been worked out. Two different mathematical approaches for fibre bed permeability (Kozeny-Carman and Gutowski) were compared. The constants of the applied mathematical models have to stay the same if the fibre reeinforcement and the fibre arrangement is the same. Neither the kind of matrix, nor the fibre volume content may change these constants. Differences in the degree of impregnation after the same process conditions can be only due to different sizes of fibre agglomerations, thus the initial distribution of reinforcing fibres and matrix. For an exact determination of impregnation times and conditions the exact distribution of fibres in the intermediate material and after processing has to be known. This distribution is determined by SEM microscopy and data given from the material supplier. The importance of different process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, processing time is weighted by determining the density and mechanical properties of the specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA encodes a protein sequence homologous to the eukaryotic ribosomal 5S RNA-binding protein (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA ; cloning ; rice ; L5 ; ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding protein ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA clone coding for the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein L5, which associates with 5 S rRNA for ribosome assembly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The primary structure of rice L5, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, contains 294 amino acids and has intriguing features some of which are also conserved in other eucaryotic homologues. These include: four clusters of basic amino acids, one of which may serve as a nucleolar localization signal; three repeated amino acid sequences; the conservation of glycine residues. This protein was identified as the nuclear-encoded cytoplasmic ribosomal protein L5 of rice by sequence similarity to other eucaryotic ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding proteins of rat, chicken, Xenopus laevis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rice L5 shares 51 to 62% amino acid sequence identity with the homologues. A group of ribosomal proteins from archaebacteria including Methanococcus vanniellii L18 and Halobacterium cutirubrum L13, which are known to be associated with 5 S rRNA, also related to rice L5 and the other eucaryotic counterparts, suggesting an evolutionary relationship in these ribosomal 5 S RNA-binding proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two closely related cDNAs encoding starch branching enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; cDNA ; gene expression ; starch biosynthesis ; starch branching enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two starch branching enzyme (SBE) cDNAs were identified in an Arabidopsis seedling hypocotyl library using maize Sbe1 and Sbe2 cDNAs as probes. The two cDNAs have diverged 5′ and 3′ ends, but encode proteins which share 90% identity over an extensive region with 70% identity to maize SBE IIb [12]. Genomic Southern blots suggest that the two cDNAs are the products of single, independent genes, and that additional, more distantly related SBE genes may exist in the Arabidopsis genome. The two cDNAs hybridize to transcripts which show similar expression patterns in Arabidopsis vegetative and reproductive tissues, including seedlings, inflorescence rachis, mature leaves, and flowers. This is the first report of the identification of cDNAs encoding two closely related starch branching enzymes from the same species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017805
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explanatory pluralism in evolutionary biology (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 11 (1996), S. 193-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Adaptationism ; avatars ; competition ; explanation ; evolution ; macroevolution ; optimality ; reductionism ; species selection ; species sorting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The ontological dependence of one domain on another is compatible with the explanatory autonomy of the less basic domain. That autonomy results from the fact that the relationship between two domains can be very complex. In this paper I distinguish two different types of complexity, two ways the relationship between domains can fail to be transparent, both of which are relevant to evolutionary biology. Sometimes high level explanations preserve a certain type of causal or counterfactual information which would be lost at the lower level; I argue that this is central to the proper understanding of the adaptationist program. Sometimes high level kinds are multiply realised by lower level kinds: I argue that this is central to the understanding of macroevolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128919
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extended replicator (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 11 (1996), S. 377-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: development ; developmental systems ; gene ; genetic information ; evolution ; information ; inheritance ; interactor ; Lamarck ; Meme ; replicator ; selection ; unit of selection ; vehicle ; Weismann
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract This paper evaluates and criticises the developmental systems conception of evolution and develops instead an extension of the “gene's eye” conception of evolution. We argue (i) Dawkin's attempt to segregate developmental and evolutionary issues about genes is unsatisfactory. On plausible views of development it is arbitrary to single out genes as the units of selection. (ii) The genotype does not carry information about the phenotype in any way that distinguishes the role of the genes in development from that other factors. (iii) There is no simple and general causal criterion which distinguishes the role of genes in development and evolution. (iv) There is, however, an important sense in which genes but not every other developmental factor represent the phenotype. (v) The idea that genes represent features of the phenotype forces us to recognise that genes are not the only, or almost the only, replicators. Many mechanisms of replication are involved in both development and evolution. (vi) A conception of evolutionary history which recognises both genetic and non-genetic replicators, lineages of replicators and interactors has advantages over both the radical rejection of the replicator/interactor distinction and the conservative restriction of replication to genetic replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128788
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and Characterization of Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cell Monolayer Models for Drug Transport Studies (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1499-1505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: tracheal epithelial cells ; air-interfaced culture ; ion transport ; drug transport ; permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate how culture conditions would affect the morphological, functional, and permeability characteristics of rabbit tracheal epithelial cell layers being considered for drug transport studies. Methods. Rabbit tracheocytes were isolated by protease treatment and plated onto collagen-treated permeable supports at 1.3 × 106 cells/cm2. After 24 hr, cell layers were cultured either air-interfaced (AIC) on their apical surface or under conventional liquid covered conditions (LCC). Results. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mature cilia in AIC cell layers and ciliated cells denuded of cilia in LCC cell layers. Compared with LCC, AIC cell layers (n = 20) achieved a significantly higher peak equivalent short-circuit current (74.1 ± 6.5 vs. 51.6 ± 3.4 µA/cm2), a higher potential difference (70.9 ± 2.8 vs. 60.5 ± 3.0 mV), and a lower peak transepithelial electrical resistance (1.1 ± 0.03 vs. 1.5 ± 0.02 kohms,cm2). About 70% of the short-circuit current in AIC was amiloride-sensitive whereas 〈10% was furosemide-sensitive, similar to that found in native tissue. The corresponding values in LCC were 50% and 46%. The permeability of both AIC and LCC to lipophilic solutes (dexamethasone and propranolol) was similar, whereas the permeability of hydrophilic solutes (mannitol, sucrose, and albuterol) in AIC was only half that in LCC. Conclusions. Given the striking similarity in morphological and functional characteristics of the AIC to those in the in vivo situation, the AIC is favored as an in vitro model for future drug transport studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016291522345
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval development of Octomeris sulcata Nilsson-Cantell (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Chthamalidae) from Japan and Korea (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 325 (1996), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Larval development ; chthamalid barnacle ; Octomeris sulcata ; food preference ; evolution ; gnathobase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryos obtained from gravid adults of the chthamalid barnacle Octomeris sulcata Nilsson-Cantell from Japan and Korea were cultured through six naupliar stages to the cyprid and juvenile barnacle stage in laboratory conditions, fed either the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve or the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller. The nauplii were planktotrophic and, depending on diet, reached the cyprid stage 9 or 17 days after hatching in individual cultures at 22 °C with 24 h illumination. The survival rate was higher and the duration of the naupliar stages was shorter when fed P. minimum rather than S. costatum. This is probably due to the presence of feathered setae on the antennae. Feathered or plumose setae in nauplii of different cirripede taxa are apparently linked to the type of phytoplankton in the seas when these taxa first evolved. The larval stages of O. sulcata are described, and morphological differences between larvae reared from Japanese andKorean adults are compared. The polygonal cephalic shield and unilobed labrum, a pair of posterior shield spines after naupliar stage IV, feathered setae and a hispid seta on the coxa of the antenna, a cuspidate seta on the mandible, and the gnathobase of the antenna are important in distinguishing the nauplii of this species from other species, including Chthamalidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023668
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