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  • soil  (9)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • Springer  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-strain analysis of geogrid-supported liners over subsurface cavities (1994)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 12 (1994), S. 65-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Arching ; cavity ; finite element ; geogrids ; liners ; reinforcement ; soil ; strain ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the magnitude of tensile strains imposed on landfill liners due to the formation of subsurface cavities. The study incorporated the significance of using geogrids to reduce the magnitude of strains and possibly the potential for collapse of landfill liners. Variations of key parameters included depth of overburden (D) and diameter of the cavity (B). Estimated stress distributions were compared to theoretical values obtained from a model reported in the literature. Results indicated that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the critical area based on the mechanics of arching was above the edge of the cavity where stress concentration occurred. Incorporation of geogrid reinforcement reduced the magnitude of tensile strains. The tensile force in the geogrid was dependent upon the size of the cavity, the depth of the overburden, and the applied pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429767
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dung beetle distribution patterns in the Iberian peninsula (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Scarabaeinae ; Spain ; Portugal ; climate ; soil ; dung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a fait appel à l'analyse de variables canoniques pour résumer le plan de distribution, relatif à 4 variables de localité, de 30 espèces de bousiers (Scarabaeinae) de 162 localités de la Péninsule ibérique (l'Espagne et le Portugal). La meilleure division des espèces, obtenue à l'aide d'un indice xérothermique climatique, se faisait en 3 groupes désignés respectivement comme “méditerranéen”, “ubiquiste” et “tempéré”. Peu de séparation supplémentaire a été obtenue en ayant recours à des facteurs d'altitude, de nature de la bouse ou de type de sol. Ces données ont été employées pour aider à la sélection de bousiers destinés à être introduits en Australie Occidentale pour y combattreMusca vetustissima Walker[Diptera].
    Notes: Abstract A canonical variate analysis was used to summarize the distribution pattern of 30 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) from 162 sites in the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal) in relation to 4 site variables. The best separation of beetle species, obtained using a xerothermic climatic index, was into 3 groups called “mediterranean”, “unrestricted” and “temperate”. Little further separation was achieved using altitude, dung type or soil type. These data are used to select dung beetles for introduction to south-western Australia for bush fly control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372369
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental applications of immobilized microbial cells: A review (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: alginate ; bacteria ; biodegradation ; bioremediation ; κ-carrageenan ; encapsulation ; immobilization ; microorganisms ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Immobilized microbial cells have been used extensively in various industrial and scientific endeavours. However, immobilized cells have not been used widely for environmental applications. This review examines many of the scientific and technical aspects involved in using immobilized microbial cells in environmental applications, with a particular focus on cells encapsulated in biopolymer gels. Some advantages and limitations of using immobilized cells in bioreactor studies are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570068
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of alginate encapsulation and selected disinfectants on survival of and phenanthrene mineralization byPseudomonas sp UG14Lr in creosote-contaminated soil (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: alginate-encapsulated cells ; Pseudomonas ; soil ; survival ; biodegradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The survival and phenanthrene-mineralizing ability of free and alginate-encapsulatedPseudomonas sp UG14Lr cells were examined in a creosote-contaminated soil. Alginate encapsulation adversely affected both survival and phenanthrene mineralization. This was postulated to be due to concentration of water-soluble toxic compounds in the alginate beads. Toxicity studies showed that the concentrated water-soluble fraction of the creosote-contaminated soil may be toxic toPseudomonas sp UG14Lr in soil with a low moisture content. Survival of alginate-encapsulated cells improved with increasing soil moisture content. Free cells survived well at a steady population of 108 CFU g−1 dry soil for 28 days in the creosote-contaminated soil. However, phenanthrene mineralization was not improved compared to the uninoculated control. This was attributed to the existence of indigenous phenanthrene-mineralizing microorganisms already present in this contaminated soil. The effect of calcium hypochlorite and Germiphene on survival of and phenanthrene mineralization by free and alginate-encapsulatedPseudomonas sp UG14Lr cells in creosote-contaminated soil was also studied. Addition of 0.1% (w/w dry soil) calcium hypochlorite reduced the introduced free cells to below detection limits (10 CFU g−1 dry soil) within 14 days, while Germiphene had no effect on cell numbers. Phenanthrene mineralization by free cells was not adversely affected by treatment with calcium hypochlorite or Germiphene. Survival of alginate-encapsulated cells after treatment with disinfectants was as poor as that without disinfection. The results show that alginate encapsulation may not be a suitable formulation for introduction ofPseudomonas sp UG14Lr into creosote-contaminated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569923
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA in soil: adsorption, genetic transformation, molecular evolution and genetic microchip (1996)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70 (1996), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: adsorption ; clay ; DNA ; environment ; evolution ; genetic microchip ; interactions ; microorganisms ; nucleases ; soil ; stability ; transformation ; genetic microchip
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review examines interactions between DNA and soil with an emphasis on the persistence and stability of DNA in soil. The role of DNA in genetic transformation in soil microorganisms will also be discussed. In addition, a postulated mechanism for stabilization and elongation/asserbly of primitive genetic material and the role of soil particles, salt concentrations, temperature cycling and crystal formation is examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393564
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and recovery of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from agricultural soil (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: bacteria ; Clavibacter michiganensis ; introduction ; plant pathogen ; recovery ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Twelve phytopathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains were introduced into non-sterile agricultural loam soil at an inoculum density of about log. 6.0 cfu g−1 dry weight soil. The soil samples were incubated at 22°C under a 12h light, 12h dark cycle and the population densities followed over a 30-day period by plating subsamples of serial dilutions of soil on Brain Heart Infusion agar amended with 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract and 30 μg mL−1 nalidixic acid. In 5 soil samples C. michiganensis cfu were not detected after 30 days incubation. Initially, C. michiganensis cfu accounted for about 90% of the cfu recovered but decreased to less than 10% after 30 days. These results suggested that some C. michiganensis strains survive in this particular soil, while other strains exhibit poor survival and/or may be difficult to detect when present in low numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041380
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional diversity and community structure of micro-organisms in three arctic soils as determined by sole-carbon-source-utilization (1999)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 8 (1999), S. 205-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: Arctic ; biodiversity ; community ; micro-organisms ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Functional diversities of micro-organisms in arctic soils at three incubation temperatures were assessed using sole-carbon-source-utilization (SCSU). Soil samples were collected from an area of anthropogenic fertilization (mixed Dorset/Thule/Historic site), an area of animal enrichment (bird rock perches), and unaltered tundra (raised beach; control soil site). The micro-organisms were extracted from the soil samples and inoculated into Gram-negative (GN) Biolog plates incubated at 30°C, 10°C, and 4°C. Calculations of the Shannon index, substrate utilization richness, Shannon evenness, and the Jaccard coefficient of similarity were based upon substrate utilization on the Biolog plates. Principal component analysis distinguished microbial communities in enriched soils from unenriched soils. At 10°C and 4°C, Shannon indices of enriched soil microbial communities (10°C: soils influenced by wild animals=4.28, soils influenced by human activities=4.20; 4°C: soils influenced by wild animals=4.15, soils influenced by human activities=4.03) were significantly higher than unenriched soil microbial communities (10°C: 3.66; 4°C: 3.38). Substrate utilization richness and evenness displayed similar trends. Although Jaccard coefficients showed uniformity across the different soil samples, cluster analysis supported patterns demonstrated by PCA. Lower temperatures (4°C and 10°C) yielded greater resolution between soil microbial communities than 30°C based on Biolog colour development patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008893826597
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial Biodiversity in Soil with an Emphasis on Chemically-Contaminated Soils (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 101 (1998), S. 45-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Bacteria ; biodiversity ; chemically-contaminated ; ecology ; microorganisms ; molecular ; PCR ; soil ; toxic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Microorganisms isolated from soil are sources of known and new microorganisms and genetic material. This review examines general principles of soil bacterial biodiversity, limitations in sampling soils, and examples of bacterial diversity in chemically-contaminated soils. Both conventional and molecular methods used to assess microbial biodiversity in soils will be addressed as well as selected examples of the effects of organic and inorganic pollutants on soil microbial diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004953404594
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review: Denitrification in temperate climate riparian zones (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 111 (1999), S. 171-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: denitrification ; microorganisms ; nitrate ; riparian ; soil ; temperate ; vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Excess nitrate (NO3-) in lakes and streams has deleterious effects for environmental and human health. Nitrate concentrations have become problematic in agricultural watersheds due to increased use of fertilizers and improper management of livestock wastes. Research has indicated that the planting and/or preservation of riparian buffer zones can be an effective means of reducing pollution from agricultural fields (Osborne and Kovacic, 1993; Jordan et al., 1992; Simmons et al., 1992). Biological denitrification is the most desirable means of nitrate attenuation as the microbial conversion of NO3- removes nitrate from the watershed in the form of N gases. Despite the inherent value of biological denitrification, a comprehensive review discussing the role of this process in removing nitrate from riparian zones is lacking. In this paper we examine the results and conclusions of past research on the topic of denitrification in riparian zones and make recommendations for future research in this area. The need for subsurface denitrification assays in riparian zones is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005015400607
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