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  • Halotydeus destructor  (9)
  • soil  (9)
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • Springer  (18)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antixenotic resistance of subterranean clover cotyledons to redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): mites ; Halotydeus destructor ; resistance ; antixenosis ; feeding ; toughness ; Trifolium subterraneum ; Acarina ; Penthaleidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The short-term response of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) to cotyledons of different varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum L.) was assessed by means of paired choice tests, and no-choice tests. H. destructor had lower numbers and fed less on detached cotyledons of resistant than susceptible varieties, yielding a correlation between the numbers of mites and feeding damage to the cotyledons during a three hour test period. For a number of resistant and susceptible varieties, there was a negative correlation between cotyledon deterrence in the three hour choice test and feeding damage to seedling after a two week period. Since the response of the mites to different subclover varieties occurred within three hours, it is concluded that the resistance is based on antixenosis. No evidence was obtained for antifeedant activity in organic solvent extracts from the variety DGI007 (resistant) in comparison with those from the variety Dalkeith (susceptible). Water soluble compounds from DGI007 cotyledons were preferred by mites, in feeding tests in terms of numbers, over those from Dalkeith (susceptible). Squeezed sap from the cotyledons of both varieties showed the same effects on mites as 5% glucose and were more phagostimulatory than water extracts. Mechanically damaged cotyledons of Dalkeith and DGI007 attracted more mites than the undamaged counterparts. The toughness of cotyledons in 17 varieties of T. subterraneum subsp. subterraneum was measured with a manual penetrometer. Results showed a negative correlation between toughness values and mite feeding damage scores (r2=0.752) for all varieties except S3615D (resistant). This implies a likely involvement of epidermal toughness as a contributor in the antixenotic resistance of these varieties. Other mechanisms may be involved in the resistance of S3615D.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343335
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assays for the effects of volatile compounds from artificially damaged cotyledons of subterranean clover on the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 20 (1996), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Schlagwort(e): Assays ; volatile compounds ; Halotydeus destructor ; mite feeding ; subclover cotyledons ; artificial damage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects on the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) (Acarina: Penthaleidae) of volatile compounds released from artificially damaged cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), a host plant, were investigated with different assays. Mites were repelled by the volatile compounds in flask tube and in trimmed cotyledon disc tests. No differences could be shown between different tissue amounts and between resistant and susceptible varieties. When a membrane sachet was used containing either 2-(E)-hexenal, a compound produced by damaged subclover cotyledons, or the total volatile compounds collected from damaged cotyledons of Dalkeith (susceptible) admixed with 1% glucose, mites gathered to low but were deterred by high concentrations of the compounds. Volatile compounds collected from the resistant variety DGI007 were more deterrent than those from the susceptible Dalkeith. Membrane sachets containing 30 p.p.m. of 2-(E)-hexenal and 1% glucose were less preferred than cotyledons of Dalkeith (susceptible) but were not different from DGI007 (resistant). By increasing the glucose concentration to 5%, the membrane sachets with 30 p.p.m. of 2-(E)-hexenal were preferred to cotyledons of either variety. The results indicate that the membrane feeding technique provides a sensitive way of assaying volatile compounds from damaged subclover cotyledons against the mite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051153
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cold storage of Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae) for use in experiments (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 24 (2000), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Schlagwort(e): redlegged earth mite ; Halotydeus destructor ; cold storage ; low temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Survival of medium sized nymphal stages of redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (mainly tritonymphs and deutonymphs) stored under low temperature (1.5° C) in sealed plastic boxes remained more than 50% after 12 days of storage, with some mites surviving for up to eight weeks. Adding fresh subclover leaves into the storage box increased the survival rate of mites from 12% to 28%, 19 days after the storage started. Mites stored for two weeks at low temperatures showed feeding activity in a screening experiment similar to mites collected directly from the field. This indicated that cold storage of redlegged earth mite can be used to build up mite numbers for large screening experiments, or to extend the period of availability of mites collected from the field. However, their reproductive ability was greatly reduced after three weeks at low temperature. Thus, care should be taken when using mites for experiments measuring reproduction. The implications of low temperatures for reducing field populations of mites in midwinter are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006454621228
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stress-strain analysis of geogrid-supported liners over subsurface cavities (1994)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 12 (1994), S. 65-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Schlagwort(e): Arching ; cavity ; finite element ; geogrids ; liners ; reinforcement ; soil ; strain ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Summary Finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the magnitude of tensile strains imposed on landfill liners due to the formation of subsurface cavities. The study incorporated the significance of using geogrids to reduce the magnitude of strains and possibly the potential for collapse of landfill liners. Variations of key parameters included depth of overburden (D) and diameter of the cavity (B). Estimated stress distributions were compared to theoretical values obtained from a model reported in the literature. Results indicated that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the critical area based on the mechanics of arching was above the edge of the cavity where stress concentration occurred. Incorporation of geogrid reinforcement reduced the magnitude of tensile strains. The tensile force in the geogrid was dependent upon the size of the cavity, the depth of the overburden, and the applied pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429767
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of 1-octen-3-one with antixenotic resistance in subterranean clover cotyledons to red-legged earth mite,Halotydeus destructor (Acarina: Penthaleidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 369-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; cotyledons ; redlegged earth mite ; Halotydeus destructor ; deterrence ; 1-octen-3-one ; volatiles ; host resistance ; antixenosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Artificially damaged cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) released several volatile metabolites, including 1-octen-3-one, arising from lipid peroxidation. The amount of 1-octen-3-one produced was negatively correlated with feeding damage caused by the red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in nine out of 10 resistant and susceptibleT. subterraneum varieties tested. The EC50 of this compound in deterring mites from feeding in a membrane bioassay was 50 ppm. Cotyledon toughness was also involved in resistance. The resistant variety, S3615D, which has the lowest toughness value among the resistant varieties, produced the highest amount of 1-octen-3-one recovered from the headspace in 1 hr. Artificially damaged cotyledons of both susceptible Dalkeith and resistant DG1007, growing in shade, showed lower toughness, but had enhanced production of C8 volatile compounds and were avoided by mites during a 3-hr feeding test. When both 1-octen-3-one content and cotyledon toughness value were taken as cofactors in resistance, the resultant multiplication value yielded a more significantly negative correlation with mite feeding damage scores within the 10 varieties than either factor alone. We conclude that 1-octen-3-one has a role in resistance of subclover cotyledon to the mite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055105
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Effect of Volatile Metabolites of Lipid Peroxidation on the Aggregation of Redlegged Earth Mites Halotydeus destructor (Acarina: Penthaleidae) on Damaged Cotyledons of Subterranean Clover (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; redlegged earth mite ; Halotydeus destructor ; cotyledons ; attraction ; repellance ; lipid peroxidation products ; volatiles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Redlegged earth mites (Halotydeus destructor) aggregated in larger numbers on cotyledons of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) previously damaged either by mite feeding or by mechanical injury than on undamaged cotyledons. This effect lasted for up to 7 days. The total volatile fractions derived from crushed cotyledons and its three major components, 2-(E)-hexenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-one, were tested for their effect on the aggregation of mites. Significantly more mites gathered on detached cotyledons treated with the metabolites at low concentrations than on controls, with 2-(E)-hexenal being the most effective. Mites were repelled by higher concentrations of the metabolites and 1-octen-3-one, the most active, killed mites at high concentrations. Fewer mites aggregated on DGI007 (resistant) than on Dalkeith (susceptible) cotyledons treated with droplets of the metabolites. The three volatile metabolites were recovered from the headspace of undamaged and of damaged cotyledons. Crushed cotyledons of Dalkeith produced higher levels of 2-(E)-hexenal and lower levels of 1-octen-3-one than undamaged cotyledons. The results suggest that damage-induced metabolites enhance the aggregation of redlegged earth mites at low concentrations and reduce aggregation at high concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006352.68072.22
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of Alkaloids in Resistance of Yellow Lupin to Red-Legged Earth Mite Halotydeus destructor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 429-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lupinus luteus ; Halotydeus destructor ; plant resistance ; deterrent activity ; quinolizidine alkaloids ; ammodendrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Eleven varieties of Lupinus luteus were tested in choice and no-choice experiments for their resistance to feeding by the red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor). Three were found to show resistance, and the alkaloid fraction from these varieties strongly deterred mites from feeding. The alkaloid components of the extracts, lupinine, a number of acyl derivatives of lupinine, and sparteine were tested for deterrent activity. Sparteine was the most potent, with significant activity at 0.001% concentration. Quantitation of the levels of nonpolar alkaloids in the cotyledons and leaves of the 11 varieties was by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. An inverse correlation was found between the concentrations of these alkaloids and the damage caused by the mites; varieties with levels 〈100 μg/g (fresh wt) showed a high damage index. The involvement of sparteine and the bipiperidine alkaloid ammodendrine in the deterrence to mite feeding is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005413606680
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of Isoflavonoids in Resistance of Subterranean Clover Trifoliates to the Redlegged Earth Mite Halotydeus destructor (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 2089-2100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Trifolium subterraneum ; trifoliates ; Halotydeus destructor ; free isoflavones ; bound isoflavones ; resistance ; deterrent activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Mature leaves of variety SE014 of Trifolium subterraneum are resistant to the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor). Compounds with feeding deterrent activity present in the leaves were isolated and identified by using a membrane bioassay technique. The free isoflavones, formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A, their corresponding 7-O-glucosides, and biochanin A 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate and genistein 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate, were active. In addition, the biosynthetic precursors of formononetin and genistein, 2,5,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavanol and 2,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxyisoflavanol, also were deterrent to the redlegged mites. The relative activity of these compounds was determined and some structure-activity correlations are noted. The constitutive defense mechanism that contributes to the resistance of subclover trifoliates to the mite contrasts with the induced chemical mechanism previously found for subterranean clover cotyledons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020789710706
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Levels of Isoflavonoids as Indicators of Resistance of Subterranean Clover Trifoliates to Redlegged Earth Mite Halotydeus destructor (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 795-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Trifolium subterraneum ; trifoliate leaves ; Halotydeus destructor ; free isoflavones ; bound isoflavones ; plant resistance ; deterrent activity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The extracts, obtained with methanol from crushed trifoliates and from the surface layer of the trifoliates, contained isoflavones in both the free and bound forms as the major components, compounds known to exhibit feeding deterrence towards the redlegged earth mite. The levels of these compounds were quantified and showed considerable variation in extracts of one susceptible variety and four varieties with differing levels of resistance. The relative resistance of the five varieties established from field observations was compared with the amounts of isoflavone derivatives obtained in the two extracts. A better ranking of resistance was found with levels of isoflavones on the leaf surface than with the total amount of isoflavones in the trifoliates. These results suggest a simple method for determining the relative resistance of subterranean clover to the mite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020840616583
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An improved method for rearing Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae) in the laboratory (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Schlagwort(e): Laboratory rearing ; Halotydeus destructor ; Vicia sativa ; fungal control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We developed an improved method for rearing Halotydeus destructor in the laboratory. Mite numbers increased rapidly over the summer of 1992–1993 when fed on vetch, Vicia sativa cv Blanchefleur; in contrast mite numbers were low and fell over the second half of the summer of 1990–91 when fed on subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum cv Junee. On V. sativa at a fluctuating temperature from 11 to 18°C 200 mites produced a mean of 1308 and 1455 progeny per transfer in 2 years, a 6–7-fold rate of increase per transfer. The mean transfer time was 35 days and using the interval between transfers as a measure of generation time, the mites completed six to seven generations with no evidence for development of diapause eggs from August until April. There was considerable variability in the numbers of mites produced per pot, associated in part with the presence of Verticillium sp. fungus in 35% of the pots during transfers. Improvement in H. destructor rearing resulted from the use of V. sativa cv Blanchefleur as a food source, maintenance of high humidity and adequate ventilation within cages, and the transfer of mites to fresh food sources at early nymphal stages, which reduced the spread of fungal infections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052391
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