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  • Cambridge University Press  (34)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (21)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (12)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct determination of the role of vibration-to-vibration energy transfer in HF(v=3,4) self-relaxation (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overtone vibration-laser double resonance directly measures the relative importance of vibration-to-vibration and vibration-to-translation-and-rotation energy transfer for HF(v=3 and v=4) at room temperature. The fraction of HF(v) molecules relaxing by V–V energy transfer is 0.44±0.05 and 0.16±0.05 for v=3 and v=4, respectively, compared to 0.59±0.10 for v=2. These measurements show that V–T,R energy transfer is the dominant relaxation mechanism for HF(v≥3) and the observed decreased amount of V–V energy transfer for higher initially excited vibrational levels is in good agreement with a chemiluminescence measurement and several theoretical calculations. The data demonstrate that the magnitude of the energy defects for the component pathways primarily determines the energy transfer mechanism for HF(v=2–4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450174
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional energy transfer via vibrational predissociation: Relaxation of HF(v=1) by HF dimers (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 1132-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overtone vibration–laser double resonance measurements determine the vibrational relaxation rate of HF(v=1) by HF dimers. Vibration-to-vibration energy transfer from the excited monomer to the dimer followed by vibrational predissociation of the dimer provides an efficient pathway for vibration-to-translation energy transfer that deexcites the monomer at 40% of the gas kinetic collision rate. Analysis of the pressure dependence of the observed decay constants using a simple kinetic model establishes a rough upper limit of 10 ns on the predissociation lifetime of the collisionally excited dimer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449475
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rates and pathways of vibrational self-relaxation of HF(v=2) between 300 and 700 K (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 780-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature dependencies of the total self-relaxation rate constants for the vibrational deactivation of HF(v=2) and HF(v=1) and the state-to-state vibration-to-vibration (V–V) and vibration-to-translation-and-rotation (V-T,R) energy transfer components of the HF(v=2) self-relaxation process are measured using the overtone vibration excitation-laser double resonance technique. The total self-relaxation rate constants vary inversely with temperature. The much weaker temperature dependence of HF(v=2) self-relaxation compared to that of HF(v=1) arises from the significant role of the V–V energy transfer route. Competition between energetics and collision duration results in a weaker inverse variation with temperature for the slightly endothermic V–V route than for the exothermic V-T,R route for HF(v=2). The branching ratio for V–V energy transfer increases slightly with temperature and the data suggest that two quantum relaxation processes constitute no more than 10% of the total self-relaxation of HF(v=2). The available temperature dependence data on self-relaxation of HF(v=1–5) form a consistent picture in which the energetics of the V–V and V-T,R relaxation pathways control their relative contributions to the total energy transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448503
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects for edge current density determination using LIBEAM on DIII-D : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1023-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The specific size and structure of the edge current profile has important effects on the magnetohydrodynamic stability and ultimate performance of many advanced tokamak (AT) operating modes. This is true for both bootstrap and externally driven currents that may be used to tailor the edge shear. Absent a direct local measurement of j(r), the best alternative is a determination of the poloidal field. Measurements of the precision (0.1°–0.01° in magnetic pitch angle and 1–10 ms) necessary to address issues of stability and control and provide constraints for EFIT are difficult to do in the region of interest (ρ=0.9–1.1). Using Zeeman polarization spectroscopy of the 2S–2P lithium resonance line emission from the DIII-D LIBEAM [D. M. Thomas, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 806 (1995); D. M. Thomas, A. W. Hyatt, and M. P. Thomas, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 340 (1990)] measurements of the various field components may be made to the necessary precision in exactly the region of interest to these studies. Because of the negligible Stark mixing of the relevant atomic levels, this method of determining j(r) is insensitive to the large local electric fields typically found in enhanced confinement (H mode) edges, and thus avoids an ambiguity common to motional Stark effect measurements of B. Key issues for utilizing this technique include good beam quality, an optimum viewing geometry, and a suitable optical prefilter to isolate the polarized emission line. A prospective diagnostic system for the DIII-D AT program will be described. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319612
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-dimensional behavior in dissipative partial differential equations (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 5 (1995), S. 330-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dissipative partial differential equations have applications throughout the sciences: models of turbulence in fluids, chemical reactions, and morphogenesis in biology can all be written in a general form which allows them to be subjected to a unified analysis. Recent results on these equations show that in many cases they are not as complex as they initially appear, and can be converted into a set of ordinary differential equations. However, most of the relevant references present a bewildering array of terms which can obscure the simple underlying ideas. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce this terminology, motivated by several major results, slowly and by example. Detailed proofs are omitted, but it is hoped that this approach will give a good understanding of and intuitive feel for the subject without recourse to technicalities. Nevertheless, sufficient mathematical detail is included to allow application of these results to many examples. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166081
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-to-state vibrational energy transfer in DF(v=1–3) (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3207-3214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Overtone vibration–laser double resonance studies of DF(v=1–3) energy transfer yield self-relaxation rate constants for v=1, 2 and 3 of k1=(0.37±0.06)×10−12 cm3 mol−1 s−1, k2=(22.0±2.0)×10−12 cm3 mol−1 s−1, and k3=(17.0±1.8)×10−12 cm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The approach also directly measures the relative importance of vibration-to-vibration (V–V) and vibration-to-translation-and-rotation (V–T,R) energy transfer. The fraction of DF(v) molecules relaxing by V–V energy transfer is 1.1±0.1 and 0.72±0.10 for v=2 and v=3, respectively. Essentially all of the vibrational energy transfer in v=2 occurs via the V–V mechanism. The slower relaxation of DF(v=3) compared to DF(v=2), in contrast to simple scaling law predictions, reflects the decreasing influence of the V–V mechanism, even though it is still the primary relaxation pathway for DF(v=3). Comparison with HF self-relaxation qualitatively indicates that V–R energy transfer is important in V–T,R relaxation of DF(v=1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458853
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation and data acquisition for in situ electrochemistry at the Daresbury SRS : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2386-2389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy provide complementary structural tools for the in situ characterization of electrode surfaces. To optimize surface sensitivity, techniques such as glancing angle scattering geometries and spectrum differencing can be employed while the application of synchrotron radiation allows the real-time collection of data. This paper outlines recent developments in in situ electrochemistry on the Daresbury SRS and describes an electrochemical cell for in situ x-ray studies, associated glancing angle instrumentation, together with computer hardware and software optimized for data acquisition using potential modulation techniques. Important fundamental and industrial applications are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140727
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High power picosecond laser system at 248 nm (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2235-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a powerful picosecond KrF* laser system consisting of a synchronously pumped dye oscillator, a three-stage dye amplifier, frequency conversion to 248 nm, and amplification through a series of excimer modules. Characteristics are given at each stage of the system. With the first stage of the system complete, a focused intensity of ∼1016 W/cm2 is obtained. Initial visible spectra obtained by interaction with various targets are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139940
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TFTR Thomson scattering system (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1015-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TFTR Thomson scattering system has been operational since January 1984. The diagnostic uses two ruby lasers and two spectrometer-detector systems to provide profiles at two times in a discharge. The two scattering lines consist of 76 spatial channels which span the 200-cm vacuum vessel along a major radius. The detectors are gated, intensified CCD arrays with single photoelectron sensitivity. Te(R) and Ne(R) profiles are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138255
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The peritrophic membrane and faecal pellets of Gammarus lacustris limnaeus Smith (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. Gammarus lacustris limnaeus Smith was fed decomposed autumnshed leaves of maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Faecal pellets were collected at various time intervals after egestion and examined under a light and a scanning electron microscope. Nearly all the faecal pellets collected up to a period of about 7 h after egestion possessed a thin, tightly-fitting peritrophic membrane while those that had been outside the gut of the animal for a longer time lacked a peritrophic membrane. Presumably, after egestion faecal pellets swell because of absorption of water leading to eventual rupture and loss of the membrane. The surface of newly extruded pellets is devoid of microbes and microbes seem to play a very insignificant role in the loss of peritrophic membrane from the pellets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1978.tb01441.x
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