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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic strain measurements of a circular cylinder in a cross flow using a fibre Bragg grating sensor (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 27 (1999), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  A fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor was proposed as an alternative to strain gauges to measure the strain ɛ of a vibrating cylinder in a uniform cross flow. In order to validate the measurements of the FBG sensor, the transverse fluctuating bending displacement Y of the cylinder was also measured using a laser vibrometer. The two measurements were found to be consistent in terms of the natural frequency of the fluid–structure system and the vortex shedding frequency. The spectral coherence between ɛ and Y at the same point of the cylinder attains 1 at these frequencies, thus indicating a near perfect correlation between the two quantities. When the transverse bending displacement is small, the measured ɛ and Y are linearly related. Therefore, the results indicate that the FBG sensor can be used with confidence to measure the fluctuating strain arising from the vortex-induced forces on a structure in a uniform cross flow. As such, it can be used in conjunction with a laser Doppler anemometer to study fluid–structure interactions in flow-induced vibration problems. Furthermore, it is expected that the FBG sensor, because of its physical uniqueness, will have an important role to play in the study of fluid–structure interaction problems with multiple structures arranged in an array.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050360
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics and cytology of a new genic male-sterile soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Soybean ; Male sterility ; Genetics ; Callase ; Callose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic and cytological studies were conducted with a new male-sterile, female-fertile soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] mutant. This mutant was completely male sterile and was inherited as a single-recessive gene. No differences in female or male gamete transmission of the recessive allele were observed between reciprocal cross-pollinations in the F1 or F2 generations. This mutant was not allelic to any previously identified soybean genic male-sterile mutants: ms1, ms2, ms3, ms4, ms5, or ms6. No linkage was detected between sterility and flower color (W1 locus), or between sterility and pubescence color (T1 locus). Light microscopic and cytological observations of microsporogenesis in fertile and sterile anthers were conducted. The structure of microspore mother cells (MMC) in male-sterile plants was identical to the MMCs in male-fertile plants. Enzyme extraction analyses showed that there was no callase activity in male-sterile anthers, and this suggests that sterility was caused by retention of the callose walls, which normally are degraded around tetrads at the late tetrad stage. The tapetum from male-sterile anthers also showed abnormalities at the tetrad stage and later stages, which were expressed by an unusual formation of vacuoles, and by accumulation of densely staining material. At maturity, anthers from sterile plants were devoid of pollen grains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singular Perturbation and the Energy of Folds (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of nonlinear science 10 (2000), S. 355-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1467
    Keywords: Key words. singular perturbation, gamma—convergence, lower bounds, fold energy, viscosity solution, transition layers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: $\int \epsilon^{-1} (1-|\nabla u|^2)^2 + \epsilon |\nabla \nabla u|^2$ in two space dimensions. We introduce a new scheme for proving lower bounds and show the bounds are asymptotically sharp for certain domains and boundary conditions. Our results support the conjecture, due to Aviles and Giga, that folds are one-dimensional, i.e., \nabla u varies mainly in the direction transverse to the fold. We also consider related problems obtained when (1-|\nabla u| 2 ) 2 is replaced by (1-δ 2 u x 2 - u y 2 ) 2 or (1-|\nabla u| 2 ) 2γ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003329910014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QTLs and epistasis for aluminum tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different seedling stages (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1295-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Oryza sativa L. ; AFLP markers ; RFLP markers ; Aluminum tolerance ; QTLs ; Epistasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the genetic background for aluminum (Al) tolerance in rice, a recombinant inbred (RI) population, derived from a cross between an Al-sensitive lowland indica rice variety IR1552 and an Al-tolerant upland japonica rice variety Azucena, was used in culture solution. A molecular linkage map, together with 104 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 103 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, was constructed to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic loci for Al tolerance based on the segregation for relative root length (RRL) in the population. RRL was measured after stress for 2 and 4 weeks at a concentration of 1mM of Al3+ and a control with a pH 4.0, respectively. Two QTLs were detected at both the 2nd and the 4th weeks on chromosomes 1 and 12 from unconditional mapping, while the QTL on chromosome 1 was only detected at the 2nd stress week from conditional mapping. The effect of the QTL on chromosome 12 was increased with an increase of the stress period from 2 to 4 weeks. The QTL on chromosome 1 was expressed only at the earlier stress, but its contribution to tolerance was prolonged during growth. At least one different QTL was detected at the different stress periods. Mean comparisons between marker genotypic classes indicated that the positive alleles at the QTLs were from the Al-tolerant upland rice Azucena. An important heterozygous non-allelic interaction on Al tolerance was found. The results indicated that tolerance in the younger seedlings was predominantly controlled by an additive effect, while an epistatic effect was more important to the tolerance in older seedlings; additionally the detected QTLs may be multiple allelic loci for Al tolerance and phosphorus-uptake efficiency, or for Al and Fe2+ tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051438
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical detection of conspecifics in the crayfishProcambarus clarkii: Role of antennules (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Procambarus clarkii ; Crustacea ; Decapoda ; crayfish ; antennule ; chemical detection ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tests with female crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) confirm that conspecifics can be detected chemically. The subjects were more attentive in the presence of water from a stranger's tank than in the presence of water from their own tank. Animals with intact antennules performed this discrimination best, but animals with one intact inner ramus and one intact outer ramus also clearly responded. Conspecific chemical discrimination after loss of both inner or both outer rami was weak (trial 2) or absent (trial 1). The relevance of this outcome to previous conflicting reports on the use of antennules in sex and species discrimination in crayfish is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994429
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical sex discrimination in the crayfishProcambarus clarkii: Role of antennules (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2363-2372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Procambarus clarkii ; Crustacea ; crayfish ; sex discrimination ; antennule ; chemical communication ; aggression ; discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical sex discrimination of conspecifics by male and female crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was tested. Intact female subjects were more attentive in the presence of stimulus water from males than from females and showed more aggressive postures in the presence of stimulus water from females than from males. Intact males showed more aggressive postures in the presence of stimulus water from males than from females. Females and males with only one inner antennule ramus and one outer ramus performed discrimination and localization almost as well as intact subjects. Subjects with only the two inner rami or only the two outer rami were disadvantaged in either responding to the stimuli or localizing them. The relevance of this outcome to previous conflicting reports on the use of antennules in sex discrimination in crayfish is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984955
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The terrestrial and lunar reference frame in lunar laser ranging (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 73 (1999), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Terrestrial reference frame ; Lunar reference frame ; Lunar laser ranging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. The initial value problem and the stability of solution in the determination of the coordinates of three observing stations and four retro-reflectors by lunar laser ranging are discussed. Practical iterative computations show that the station coordinates can be converged to about 1 cm, but there will be a slight discrepancy of the longitudinal components computed by various analysis centers or in different years. There are several factors, one of which is the shift of the right ascension of the Moon, caused by the orientation deviation of the adopted lunar ephemeris, which can make the longitudinal components of all observing stations rotate together along the longitudinal direction with same angle. Additionally, the frame of selenocentric coordinates is stable, but a variation or adjustment of lunar third-degree gravitational coefficients will cause a simultaneous shift along the reflectors' longitudes or rotation around the Y axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study and analysis on cutting forces of oblique cutting of wood (1996)
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54 (1996), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050185
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Mapping of a Male-Sterile Gene in Soybean (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 1681-1685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A newly identified genic male-sterile mutant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has high seed set under natural field conditions and is potentially useful in breeding programs. Meiosis is normal in the mutant line. Sterility in this mutant is caused by failure of callose dissolution at the tetrad stage, which results in microspore abortion; however, little is known about the male-sterile gene at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked with the male-sterile gene (ms) and to place the ms gene onto the soybean molecular genetic map. An F2 population of 107 individuals was constructed from a cross between the mutant msMOS (ms ms) and the cultivar Minsoy (Ms Ms). Two hundred seventy markers, including 219 RFLP and 51 SSRs, were evaluated. Of these, 102 RFLP probes and 31 SSR markers detected polymorphisms between the parents. The F2 population was screened for segregation of these polymorphic molecular markers. Analyses revealed that the male-sterile locus, designated 'ms', was located on linkage group D1b of the USDA/ISU soybean molecular genetic map. The availability of linked DNA markers will facilitate the genetic analysis of this male-sterility gene in relation to soybean breeding programs, and will be a starting point for the isolation of the ms gene by map-based cloning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Organization of the Atlantic Croaker Connexin 32.2 Gene and Its 5′ Flanking Region (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 154-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: AP-1, CRE, exon, intron, response elements, teleost.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Gonadotropic hormone stimulates the accumulation of connexin (Cx) 32.2 messenger RNA in ovaries of the marine teleost Atlantic croaker. This effect can be mimicked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and blocked by PKA inhibitors as well as protein kinase C (PKC) stimulators. However, the mechanisms of Cx32.2 gene regulation are unknown. In this study, we determined the structure of the Cx32.2 gene as a first step toward characterizing the regulatory mechanisms of Cx32.2 gene expression. A cosmid library of croaker genomic DNA was screened with a Cx32.2 complementary DNA probe. One positive clone was subcloned and sequenced. The Cx32.2 gene contained two exons and one intron. The first exon contained a portion of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and the second exon contained the remaining 5′ UTR, the amino acid coding region, and the 3′ UTR. The distal 5′ flanking region also contained a sequence homologous to a different croaker Cx gene, Cx32.7, but it is unclear if this sequence constitutes a pseudogene or an exon of the Cx32.7 gene. The 5′ flanking region of the Cx32.2 gene contained two core cyclic AMP response elements (CRE, CGTCA) and one full-consensus activating protein- (AP)-1 binding site (AGTCAG). The distal core CRE was associated with a sequence that enhances CRE activity (GAGC). A third core CRE site was present in the intron. These findings are consistent with the following hypotheses: the induction of ovarian Cx32.2 mRNA levels by gonadotropic hormone is at least partly mediated by CRE-dependent activation of the Cx32.2 gene, and the inhibition of basal and gonadotropic-hormone-stimulated ovarian Cx32.2 mRNA by PKC is due to negative effects on transcription via the AP-1 transcription factor complex. This study is the first to characterize the structure and putative response elements of the 5′ flanking region of fish Cx genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900019
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