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  • Articles  (30)
  • Springer  (17)
  • American Geophysical Union  (13)
  • Physics  (24)
  • Mathematics  (4)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (3)
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  • Articles  (30)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor, Infant Growth, and Adult Bone Mass (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 233 -235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density — Vitamin D receptor — Polymorphism — Growth — Genetic.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Family and twin studies have demonstrated a strong genetic component to the development of peak bone mass. Early fetal and infant environment has also been shown to influence bone mass through an effect on skeletal size and mineral content. We report a retrospective study that has examined whether early infant growth is regulated by genetic factors shown to be associated with bone mass. We have determined the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles for 66 women (mean age 65.5 years) on whom detailed birth records were available. There was a statistically significant trend (P= 0.04) for VDR genotype against weight at the age of 1 year, with the ``tt'' homozygote group having 7% higher weight. We conclude that early fetal or infant environment may interact with an individual's underlying genotype to program early skeletal growth, and that this may track through later life to influence adult characteristics. Further prospective studies are required, however, to fully clarify the precise environmental and genetic mechanisms underlying these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900220
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Loss at the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck: The Taiji Study (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone metabolic markers — Predictor — Osteoporosis — Epidemiology — Bone mineral density.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss. The survey was carried out in Taiji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. From a list of inhabitants aged 40–79 years, 400 participants (50 men and 50 women in each of four age groups) were selected randomly. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured, and blood and urine samples of all participants were examined to obtain values for eight biochemical markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone Gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen (carboxyterminal peptide of type I procollagen; PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP), and urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr). Each marker was evaluated as a predictor of the rate of bone change in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD over a 3-year period. The value of Pyr was significantly related to the change of lumbar spine BMD in men (P= 0.009), and that of BGP was found to be significant in women (P= 0.045). By contrast, none of the bone markers significantly correlated with bone loss at the femoral neck. The coefficient of determination at the lumbar spine was 5% and 7% at the femoral neck only. We conclude that biochemical markers of bone turnover cannot predict bone loss rates in middle-aged or elderly Japanese men and women over a 3-year period with sufficient accuracy for use in clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900682
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Childhood Growth, Bone Mass, and Muscle Strength in Male and Female Adolescents (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 405 -409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Bone mineral content — Childhood growth — Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Muscle strength.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this population-based study, the relationship between childhood weight and height, and adolescent bone mass and muscle strength have been studied in 39 girls and 48 boys. Total body and femoral neck bone mass measurements (bone mineral content, BMC and bone mineral density, BMD) were made by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured. Mean age at the time of measurement was 15.1 years for girls and boys. Results were individually linked to data on childhood (birth to 6 years of age) weight and height, taken from community health records. Childhood weight was found to be predictive of adolescent total body BMC (TBMC). However, this was not the case when correlating childhood weight and total body BMD (TBMD), suggesting that growth determines the size of the skeleton, whereas the density within that bone envelope is to a greater extent governed by other factors. Further, in a multiple regression model we found that the combined effect of childhood weight and height was significantly correlated with adolescent quadriceps muscle strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900253
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 147-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from a new version of the Hadley Centre coupled model (HadCM3) that does not require flux adjustments to prevent large climate drifts in the simulation. The model has both an improved atmosphere and ocean component. In particular, the ocean has a 1.25° × 1.25° degree horizontal resolution and leads to a considerably improved simulation of ocean heat transports compared to earlier versions with a coarser resolution ocean component. The model does not have any spin up procedure prior to coupling and the simulation has been run for over 400 years starting from observed initial conditions. The sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice simulation are shown to be stable and realistic. The trend in global mean SST is less than 0.009 °C per century. In part, the improved simulation is a consequence of a greater compatibility of the atmosphere and ocean model heat budgets. The atmospheric model surface heat and momentum budget are evaluated by comparing with climatological ship-based estimates. Similarly the ocean model simulation of poleward heat transports is compared with direct ship-based observations for a number of sections across the globe. Despite the limitations of the observed datasets, it is shown that the coupled model is able to reproduce many aspects of the observed heat budget.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal selection of observation times in the linear-quadratic Gaussian control problem (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 39 (1983), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Observation cost ; quadratic cost ; LQG problems ; optimal observation times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Feedback control is sometimes applied to a dynamic system operating in a stochastic environment under circumstances where only a limited number of observations can be made. The optimal positioning of ana priori fixed number of observations is considered. A direct approach to this problem yields a dynamic programming functional equation, while a second approach involving an ancillary observation cost leads to a rapid and practical numerical solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934604
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron detachment and fragmentation in collisions between 1.25 keV/carbon and clusters and (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (1999), S. 79-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 34.70.+e Charge transfer - 36.40.-c Atomic and molecular clusters - 36.40.Qv Stability and fragmentation of clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The destruction cross-section for 22.5 and 50 keV C1- , for 10 and 50 keV C8 1- and for 50 and 75 keV C60 1- clusters in collisions with H2 has been measured by an attenuation method. The destruction of the cluster anions is dominated by electron detachment rather than fragmentation and is of the order of the geometric cross-section. The cross-sections vary little with bombarding energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050350
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pressure field of a spherical diffusion flame (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 11 (1977), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Summary It is usually assumed that the pressure in the neighbourhood of a diffusion flame is constant, and the momentum problem is then de-coupled from the temperature and composition fields. The observation that pressure gradient at the discontinuous flame sheet must itself be discontinuous is sufficient to motivate an examination of the true form of the pressure field, which evidently is not constant. A simple analysis of the spherical discontinuous sheet model leads to the conclusion that the structure of the intense reaction region must play an essential role in fixing local pressure variations. The amplitude of these variations is found to be uniformlyO(M 2), whereM is a typical flow Mach number (M ≪ 1), but significant changes within this range can take place over distances which areO(M 2/3) for a simple chemical reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535964
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel simulation of statistical multiplexers (1995)
    Springer
    Discrete event dynamic systems 5 (1995), S. 115-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: time-parallel simulation ; asynchronous transfer mode networks ; burst-level simulation ; statistical multiplexer ; cellloss ratio ; broadband integrated services digital network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The simulation of high-speed telecommunication systems such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks has generally required excessively long run times. This paper reviews alternative approaches using parallelism to speed up simulations of discrete event systems, and telecommunication networks in particular. Subsequently, a new simulation method is introduced for the fast parallel simulation of a common network element, namely, a work-conserving finite capacity statistical multiplexer of bursty ON/OFF sources arriving on input links of equal peak rate. The primary performance measure of interest is the cell loss ratio, due to buffer overflows. The proposed method is based on two principal techniques: (1) the derivation of low-level (cell level) statistics from a higher level (burst level) simulation and (2) parallel execution of the burst level simulation program. For the latter, atime-division parallel simulation method is used where simulations operating at different intervals of simulated time are executed concurrently on different processors. Both techniques contribute to the overall speedup. Furthermore, these techniques support simulations that are driven by traces of actual network traffic (trace-driven simulation), in addition to standard models for source traffic. An analysis of this technique is described, indicating that it offers excellent potential for delivering good performance. Measurements of an implementation running on a 32 processor KSR-2 multiprocessor demonstrate that, for certain model parameter settings, the simulator is able to simulate up to 10 billion cell arrivals per second of wallclock time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01439037
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  • 9
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    Synthesis and characterization of silicalite powders and membranes with micro–meso bimodal pores (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-08
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Chemical Diversity of Sands Within the Linear and Barchan Dunes of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, as Revealed by APXS Onboard Curiosity (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-25
    Description: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) results for Phase 2 of the Bagnold Dunes campaign, focusing on the linear dunes, complement those from Phase 1 (barchan dunes) and add to our understanding of active Martian dune systems. This work highlights both compositional similarities and differences across the dune field. The concentration of elements associated with mafic minerals in coarser grains and along active ripple crests, previously identified in the barchan dunes, highlights differences in Martian and terrestrial weathering, transport, and sorting processes. Concentration of a Cr-Ti mineral phase within the linear sands is identified. The inactive ripple fields are geochemically similar to soil, while active ripple fields are similar to sands. Inferred dust content (S + Cl + Zn concentrations), derived from APXS analyses, provide geochemical confirmation of current and seasonal activity variations, within the barchan and linear dunes, as well as revealing a continuum between inactive soils and active sands. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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