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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fike et al. reply (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450.2007, 7170, E18-, (1 S.) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Replying to: K. Grey & C. R. Calver Nature 450, doi: 10.1038/nature06360 (2007). Calver and Grey point out the difficulties of relating the Australian acritarch record to the global record of environmental change. This results from the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of the Ediacaran Ocean (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 744-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Oxygenation of the Earth’s surface is increasingly thought to have occurred in two steps. The first step, which occurred ∼2,300 million years (Myr) ago, involved a significant increase in atmospheric oxygen concentrations and oxygenation of the surface ocean. A further increase in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of a Transition Metal–Hydrogen Bond in Aqueous Solution (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 466-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A sufficient number of complex compounds containing metal-hydrogen bonds has now been studied by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance methods to permit the specific characterization by this technique of a proton bound to a transitional metal. Thus the compounds (C5H5)2ReH, (C5H5)2ReH2+ (ref. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/182466b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Coals (1955)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 175 (1955), S. 645-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Samples were prepared from hand-selected lumps of bright coals containing more than 50 per cent vitrain. The samples were ground into cylinders of 6-25 mm. diameter x 3 cm. long, the axis of the cylinder lying in the bedding plane. Part of the inherent moisture content of the samples was removed by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/175645a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting eddy detachment for an equivalent barotropic thin jet (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of nonlinear science 4 (1994), S. 355-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1467
    Keywords: breather ; inverse scattering transform ; modified Korteweg-deVries equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The time-dependent meandering of thin ocean jets in reduced gravity models has recently been shown to obey a natural coordinate version of the standard modified Korteweg-deVries (mKdV) equation. The detachment of eddies from such a jet begins when different segments of the jet path come into contact, causing the initially simply connected jet to “pinch” together. It is shown that this pinching process is effected primarily by breather solutions to the mKdV equation. For a given initial condition the solution will evolve into a dispersive wave train plus a finite number of breathers, the connectivity of which is determined by a steepness parameter λ. Using the scattering transform for the mKdV equation the value(s) of λ can be calculated in a straightforward manner, and the detachment (or lack thereof) of meanders can be forecast to a high degree of confidence by calculating λ. Examples with simple meander disturbances show a remarkable degree of stability and resistance to detachment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoprecipitation of phytochrome from green Avena by rabbit antisera to phytochrome from etiolated Avena (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 512-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena (phytochrome) ; Phytochrome from green and etiolated tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-nine antiserum preparations from eight rabbits were screened for their ability to precipitate the immunochemically distinct phytochrome that is obtained from green oat (Avena sativa L.) shoots. The antisera were obtained from rabbits immunized with either proteolytically degraded, but still photoreversible, 60-kDa (kilodalton) phytochrome, or approx. 120-kDa phytochrome, both of which were purified from etiolated oat shoots. The ability of these antisera to precipitate phytochrome from green oats was independent of the size of phytochrome used for immunization. While crude antisera immunoprecipitated as much as 80% of the phytochrome isolated from green oat shoots, antibodies immunopurified from these sera with a column of highly purified, approx. 120-kDa phytochrome from etiolated oats precipitated no more than about 5–10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392270
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of intracellular redistribution of phytochrome in Avena coleoptiles after its photoconversion to the active, far-red-absorbing form (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena (phytochrome) ; Monoclonal antibodies (phytochrome) ; Phytochrome (sequestering)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the intracellular redistribution of phytochrome (sequestering) in Avena sativa L. coleoptiles following a brief, saturating actinic pulse of red (R) light have been determined. Immunocytochemical labelling of phytochrome with monoclonal antibodies showed that at 22°C sequestering can occur within 1–2 s from the onset of R irradiation and is dependent upon the continued presence of the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr). The initial rate, but not the final extent, of sequestering is reduced by lowering the temperature of the tissue to 1°C. Sequestering at 22°C appears to involve two distinct stages: (1) a rapid association of Pfr with putative binding sites initiates the sequestered condition, following which (2) these sites of sequestered phytochrome appear to aggregate. Neither of these two processes was affected by the cytoskeletal inhibitors colchicine or cytochalasin B. Phytochrome sequestering therefore resembles R-light-induced phytochrome pelletability with respect to kinetics, temperature sensitivity, and dependence upon the continued presence of Pfr in the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391335
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of tri-mutant alleles in tomato indicates the Tri locus is the gene encoding the apoprotein of phytochrome B1 (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Phytochrome ; Lycopersicon ; Photomorphogenic mutants ; Photomorphogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four monogenic recessive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutants at the temporarily red light-Insensitive (tri) locus (tri 1, tri 2in the genetic background breeding line GT; tri 3, tri 4in the genetic background cultivar Moneymaker) were studied. These mutants had slightly longer hypocotyls under white light than the wild type (WT). Western-blot analysis showed that the tri 1mutant was deficient in a relatively lightstable phytochrome apoprotein (116 kDa) that was recognized in the WT by an antibody to tobacco phytochrome B; tri 2had a 166-kDa band reduced in abundance; and tri 2and tri 4had bands reduced in molecular mass, approx. 105 and 95 kDa, respectively. These patterns were also found in light-grown plants. Northern-blot analysis for PHYB1 mRNA showed for tri 2a transcript approx. 2 kb larger, for tri 4, a transcript of WT size, but much reduced in abundance and for tri 1and tri 3transcripts equivalent in size and abundance to WT. In these mutants the transcripts of other members of the tomato phytochrome gene family (PHYA, PHYB2, PHYE, PHYF) were indistinguishable in size and abundance from WT. Thus, it appears that the tri locus specifically affects PHYB1 gene expression. Unlike phytochrome-B mutants in other plants, de-etiolated seedlings of the tri mutants exhibited normal responses to end-of-day far-red (EODFR) light and supplementary far-red light during the day. Since the holophytochromes of types B1 and B2 (phyB1 and phyB2) are closely related, it is proposed that there might be redundancy between them for these responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196891
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical detection with rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies of different pools of phytochrome from etiolated and green Avena shoots (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena (phytochrome) ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ; Immunoprecipitation ; Monoclonal antibody ; Phytochrome from green and etiolated tissue ; Pisum (phytochrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While two monoclonal antibodies directed to phytochrome from etiolated oat (Avena sativa L.) shoots can precipitate up to about 30% of the photoreversible phytochrome isolated from green oat shoots, most precipitate little or none at all. These results are consistent with a report by J.G. Tokuhisa and P.H. Quail (1983, Plant Physiol. 72, Suppl., 85), according to which polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed to phytochrome from etiolated oat shoots bind only a small fraction of the phytochrome obtained from green oat shoots. The immunoprecipitation data reported here indicate that essentially all phytochrome isolated from green oat shoots is distinct from that obtained from etiolated oat shoots. The data indicate further that phytochrome from green oat shoots might itself be composed of two or more immunochemically distinct populations, each of which is distinct from phytochrome from etiolated shoots. Phytochrome isolated from light-grown, but norflurazon-bleached oat shoots is like that isolated from green oat shoots. When light-grown, green oat seedlings are kept in darkness for 48 h, however, much, if not all, of the phytochrome that reaccumulates is like that from etiolated oat shoots. Neither modification during purification from green oat shoots of phytochrome like that from etiolated oat shoots, nor non-specific interference by substances in extracts of green oat shoots, can explain the inability of antibodies to recognize phytochrome isolated from green oat shoots. Immunopurified polyclonal rabbit antibodies to phytochrome from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.). shoots precipitate more than 95% of the photoreversible phytochrome obtained from etiolated pea shoots, while no more than 75% of the pigment is precipitated when phytochrome is isolated from green pea shoots. These data indicate in preliminary fashion that an immunochemically unique pool of phytochrome might also be present in extracts of green pea shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402944
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mapping of phytochrome genes and photomorphogenic mutants of tomato (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Phytochrome  ;  Tomato  ;  RFLPs  ;   Photomorphogenic mutants  ;  high pigment mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The map positions of five previously described phytochrome genes have been determined in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) The position of the yg-2 gene on chromosome 12 has been confirmed and the classical map revised. The position of the phytochrome A (phy A)-deficient fri mutants has been refined by revising the classical map of chromosome 10. The position of the PhyA gene is indistinguishable from that of the fri locus. The putative phyB1-deficient tri mutants were mapped by classical and RFLP analysis to chromosome 1. The PhyB1 gene, as predicted, was located at the same position. Several mutants with the high pigment (hp) phenotype, which exaggerates phytochrome responses, have been reported. Allelism tests confirmed that the hp-2 mutant is not allelic to other previously described hp (proposed here to be called hp-1) mutants and a second stronger hp-2 allele (hp-2 j ) was identified. The hp-2 gene was mapped to the classical, as well as the RFLP, map of chromosome 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050389
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