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  • Anthropogenic tracers  (1)
  • Black Sea  (1)
  • American Geophysical Union  (1)
  • John Wiley & Sons  (1)
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  • American Geophysical Union  (1)
  • John Wiley & Sons  (1)
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  • 1
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    Formation and spreading of Red Sea Outflow Water in the Red Sea (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120 (2015): 6542–6563, doi:10.1002/2015JC010751.
    Description: Hydrographic data, chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) measurements collected in March 2010 and September–October 2011 in the Red Sea, as well as an idealized numerical experiment are used to study the formation and spreading of Red Sea Outflow Water (RSOW) in the Red Sea. Analysis of inert tracers, potential vorticity distributions, and model results confirm that RSOW is formed through mixed-layer deepening caused by sea surface buoyancy loss in winter in the northern Red Sea and reveal more details on RSOW spreading rates, pathways, and vertical structure. The southward spreading of RSOW after its formation is identified as a layer with minimum potential vorticity and maximum CFC-12 and SF6. Ventilation ages of seawater within the RSOW layer, calculated from the partial pressure of SF6 (pSF6), range from 2 years in the northern Red Sea to 15 years at 17°N. The distribution of the tracer ages is in agreement with the model circulation field which shows a rapid transport of RSOW from its formation region to the southern Red Sea where there are longer circulation pathways and hence longer residence time due to basin wide eddies. The mean residence time of RSOW within the Red Sea estimated from the pSF6 age is 4.7 years. This time scale is very close to the mean transit time (4.8 years) for particles from the RSOW formation region to reach the exit at the Strait of Bab el Mandeb in the numerical experiment.
    Description: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Grant Numbers: USA 00002, KSA 00011, KSA 00011/02; National Science Foundation; WHOI Academic Program Office Grant Number: OCE0927017
    Description: 2016-03-29
    Keywords: Anthropogenic tracers ; Red Sea Outflow Water ; Transit time ; Formation ; Spreading ; Residence time
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Testing the physical oceanographic implications of the suggested sudden Black Sea infill 8400 years ago (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 19 (2004): PA1024, doi:10.1029/2003PA000903.
    Description: We apply a shock-capturing numerical model based on the single-layer shallow water equations to an idealized geometry of the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in order to test the implications of a suggested sudden Black Sea infill 8400 years ago. The model resolves the two-dimensional flow upstream and downstream of the hydraulic jump provoked by the cascade of water from the Sea of Marmara into the Black Sea, which would occur during a sudden Black Sea infill. The modeled flow downstream of the hydraulic jump in the Black Sea would consist of a jet that is in part constrained by bathymetric contours. Guided by the Bosporus Canyon, the modeled jet reaches depths of up to 2000 m and could explain the origin of the sediment waves observed at this depth. At a late stage of the infill the modeled jet is attached to the coast and might account for the course of a submerged channel at the mouth of the Bosporus. The preservation of continuous barrier-washover-lagoonal fill systems occurring on the Black Sea shelf is, however, not easily reconcilable with the large flows over the southwest Black Sea shelf predicted by the model. Intensified flow in the upstream basin (Sea of Marmara) is restricted to the immediate vicinity of the Bosporus, suggesting that a sudden reconnection need not have disturbed sediments in the wider Sea of Marmara.
    Description: L. Pratt and K. Helfrich were supported under O.N.R. grant N00014-010100167 and N.S.F. grant OCE-0132903. L. Giosan was supported by a postdoctoral scholarship grant from CICOR (a Joint Institute of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NOAA).
    Keywords: Black Sea ; Flood hypothesis ; Dam break
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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