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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of the effect of an antifungal agent within a single hypha (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A micro-compartment culture method was devised in which a single hypha of Rhizopus stolonifer growing on an agar section traversed an antifungal non-diffusible barrier to another agar section; thus the local environment of the distal or proximal part of the hypha could be controlled independently. The responses in terms of hyphal extension of the test fungus to local application of amphotericin B in this culture system were estimated by using an automatic analysing system. After hyphae had traversed the barrier, distal application of amphotericin B caused no appreciable effect on the proximal hyphae. In contrast, proximal application of amphotericin B caused inhibition of the extension of distal hyphae. The reversal of polarized cytoplasmic streaming also occurred during the inhibition of distal hyphal extension. The extents of inhibition of the distal hyphal extension and the cytoplasmic streaming were dependent upon the hyphal distance between the amphotericin B application site and the hyphal tip. These results show that the effect of an antifungal agent on a hypha depends on the region of the hypha exposed. Cytoplasmic streaming may play key role in the transmission of antifungal effects within a single hypha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050584
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of the eect of an antifungal agent within a single hypha (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A micro-compartment culture method was devised in which a single hypha of Rhizopus stolonifer growing on an agar section traversed an antifungal non-diffusible barrier to another agar section; thus the local environment of the distal or proximal part of the hypha could be controlled independently. The responses in terms of hyphal extension of the test fungus to local application of amphotericin B in this culture system were estimated by using an automatic analysing system. After hyphae had traversed the barrier, distal application of amphotericin B caused no appreciable effect on the proximal hyphae. In contrast, proximal application of amphotericin B caused inhibition of the extension of distal hyphae. The reversal of polarized cytoplasmic streaming also occured during the inhibition of distal hyphal extension. The extents of inhibition of the distal hyphal extension and the cytoplasmic streaming were dependent upon the hyphal distance between the amphotericin B application site and the hyphal tip. These results show that the effect of an antifungal agent on a hypha depends on the region of the hypha exposed. Cytoplasmic streaming may play key role in the transmission of antifungal effects within a single hypha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169946
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis ex vivo and in vivo by fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fluvastatin ; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase ; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor ; cholesterol synthesis ; rat peripheral organ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitory effect of fluvastatin sodium (fluvastatin), a new type of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A inhibitor, on de novo cholesterol synthesis was investigated and compared with that of pravastatin. Fluvastatin at a concentration of 12.5 mg/kg inhibited sterol synthesis ex vivo from [14C]acetate in rat liver and ileum by 97–99% with respect to the control, while the inhibition in kidney was 55%. The inhibition by fluvastatin in the liver and ileum persisted for approximately 9 h after administration. Significant differences between fluvastatin also had an inhibitory effect on cholesterol synthesis in vivo in various tissues of rats given [14C]acetate intraperitoneally. Sterol synthesis in the liver, ileum and kidney was inhibited by over 95% 3 h after administration of 6.25 mg/kg of fluvastatin. Significant differences between fluvastatin and pravastatin were found in the liver and ileum. Fluvastatin was more potent than pravastatin in inhibiting both ex vivo and in vivo sterol synthesis in the ileum (but not in kidney) and liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease of DNA per cell during development of the lens in chickens (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developmental changes in the amount and conformation of DNA in chicken lens were studied. For this, DNA in situ in lens fiber cell nuclei of chickens was examined by microfluorometry with Hoechst 33258 (Hoe) fluorochrome. On 1 M NaCl-aided Hoe staining, by which the amount of DNA can be determined accurately, the fluorescence intensity of lens fiber cells was found to decrease with no change in that of the lens epithelial cells during development. On the contrary, on normal NaCl-free Hoe staining the fluorescence intensity of the lens cells was found to increase gradually during development. These results suggest that during development the amount of DNA in lens fiber cells decreases in association with some change in its conformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266630
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative immunogold localization of Na, K-ATPase along rat nephron (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural localization of Na, K-ATPase α-subunit along rat nephron segments was investigated quantitatively by immunogold electron microscopy on LR-White ultrathin sections using affinity-purified antibody against α-subunit of the enzyme. Ultrathin sections were incubated with the antibody at a saturation level and the number of gold particles bound per μm of the plasma membrane (particle density) of the tubular epithelial cells from the proximal tubule to the collecting duct was determined. In all the tubular epithelial cells, gold particles were located exclusively on the basolateral surface, and no significant binding of gold particles to the apical surface was observed. Distribution of gold particles on the basolateral membranes was quite heterogeneous; lateral membranes and infolded basal membranes were highly labeled, whereas the basal membranes which are in direct contact with the basal lamina were scarcely labeled. The average particle density on the basal surface was highest in the distal straight tubule cells (11.4 units), very high in the distal convoluted tubule cells (9.8 units), intermediate in the proximal tubule cells (3.3 units), in the connecting tubule cells (4.3 units), and in the principal cells of the collecting duct (5.6–3.8 units), low in the thin limb of Henle's loop (1.0 unit), and at the control level in the intercalated cells in the connecting and collecting duct. The relative number of gold particles/mm nephron segment and the relative number of gold particles in the various nephron segments were calculated using quantitative morphological data. The estimated distribution profile of the former was in good agreement with the Na, K-ATPase activity profile in rat nephron, which was determined biochemically with a microenzymatic method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315877
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in the bovine intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthase in bovine intestine was examined immunocytochemically with polyclonal antibody raised against PG endoperoxide synthase purified from bovine seminal glands. The most intense positive staining reaction for the enzyme was present in mast cells. Mast cells were found to be widely distributed in the intestinal wall, and were particularly numerous in the lamina propria. Most of the mast cells in the lamina propria of the intestinal villi were elongated and oriented with their long axis parallel to the plane of the absorptive epithelium. In whole mount preparations of jejunal villi, mast cells were seen to form a two-dimensional network in the lamina propria. In addition to mast cells, smooth muscle cells of the inner circular muscle layer and muscularis mucosae, nerve cells and fibers, endothelial cells of arterioles, and serosal epithelial cells also showed faint to moderate staining for the enzyme. These results suggested that mast cells are the major source of PGs in the bovine intestinal wall. The characteristic arrangement of mast cells in the intestinal villi may be related to their functions in this portion of the bovine intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate determination of DNA content in single cell nuclei stained with Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome at high salt concentration (1987)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 87 (1987), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to achieve accurate quantification of DNA levels in cell nuclie, we studied the influence of salt concentration on the fluorescence of cell nuclei complexed with Hoechst-33258 (Hoe) fluorochrome. The fluorescence of cell nuclei was compared with that of extracted DNA as well as that of nucleosome core. Conformational changes in these complexes were examined by measuring both fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime in the nanosecond region. The results showed that the fluorescence of DNA-Hoe was quenched by the nucleosomal structure, there being an associated increase in anisotropy and a decrease in the fluorescence lifetime; however, the fluorescence was restored to the orginal level by the addition of a high concentration of NaCl, CsCl, or LiCl. The reduction in fluorescence may have been due to loss of fluorescence energy caused by collision of the fluorophore with histones in the nucleosome. The addition of 1 M NaCl to the medium used for staining with Hoe greatly stabilized the fluorescence of DNA in cell nuclei. The DNA content of individual cell nuclei was determined by comparing the fluorescence of these nuclei with that of a standard DNA solution. For lymphocytes and liver ploidy cells, reasonably accurate values were obtained by applying the present method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492587
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NaCl-aided Hoechst 33258 staining method for DNA quantification and its application (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 92 (1989), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the effect of salt on the fluorescence staining procedure for quantification of the amount of DNA in cell nuclei in situ. For this, NaCl was added at various concentrations to the Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome (Hoe) medium for staining DNA. The fluorescence intensity of free DNA-Hoe solution was not changed by the addition of NaCl, but that of the nuclei-Hoe complex in situ increased 4-fold on increasing the NaCl concentration up to 1 M. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that histones H1, H2A, and H2B dissociated from cell nuclei in the presence of 1 M NaCl, resulting in increasing accessibility of DNA to the fluorochrome. The applicability of the NaCl-aided fluorescence staining method was evaluated by measuring the ploidy classes of various cells. The amount of DNA in spermatozoa is half that in 2n hepatocytes, but by the conventional Hoe staining procedure the fluorescence intensity of spermatozoa is higher than that of 2n hepatocytes, due to differences in accessibility of the dye to DNA. In contrast, by the NaCl-aided procedure, the fluorescence intensity of 2n hepatocytes was twice that of spermatozoa. The effectiveness of the NaCl-aided Hoe staining method was checked using cultivated human gingival cells and hepatocytes of LEC rats with hereditary hepatitis. In all cases, reasonable proportionality between the fluorescence intensity and the amount of DNA was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discontinuous and continuous coarsening of lamellar precipitates in Cu-Be alloys (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 2851-2856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been conducted of the coarsening reaction which occurs after discontinuous precipitation in Cu-Be alloys. When the discontinuous precipitation is nearly complete, a secondary cellular reaction with much coarser interlamellar spacing forms at the original grain boundaries and advances into the primary cells. The growth rate decreases and the interlamellar spacing increases with the cell growth for the secondary reaction. These phenomena are attributed to the continuous coarsening reaction which simultaneously occurs in the primary cells. Theα phase in the cells produced by the first reaction is supersaturated at the initial cell growth, but attains its equilibrium concentration prior to the appearance of the secondary cells. Cold work does not influence the cell growth of the secondary reaction. The driving force for the secondary reaction is the reduction in total interlamellar surface energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength evaluation and effect of graphite on strength of electroless nickel plating on cast iron (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 3513-3518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of graphite on the strength of electroless nickel plating on cast iron was studied. Specimens of cast irons with four types of graphite and of 0.4% carbon steel were prepared and machined into plates with dimensions of 10 mm × 3 mm × 80 mm. Electroless nickel plating, about 40 μm thick, was deposited on the test pieces. The plated test pieces were tested by three-point bending tests using both acoustic emission (AE) and microscopic observation to evaluate the strength of the plating film. It was found that the first AE signal was generated when the cracks initiated and the final AE signal was generated when the film was fractured by crack penetration into the film. In addition it was found that film cracks on cast iron were initiated by the graphite existing at the interface between the plating film and the substrate, and propagated to the surface of the film, unlike carbon steel. The strength of the plating film on cast iron measured by this method, decreased more sharply with increasing amount of graphite than with graphite shape. Observations of cast iron surfaces at early stages of plating showed that the nickel was deposited only on the matrix and not on the graphite. It is believed that the non-deposited areas of the cast iron acted as types of defects. It is concluded that the strength of electroless nickel plating film on cast iron is strongly influenced by graphite on the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01159831
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