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  • Institute of Physics  (232)
  • Springer  (105)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Self-organization ; adaptation ; complexity ; emergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a modelling method for simulating dynamic scheduling is presented. The basic idea behind the method is to use local attraction fields to direct transporters carrying jobs to particular machines. Emergence is used here to describe the fact that the decision on which job is directed to which machine, i.e. the schedule, is the result of continuously simulated local force fields without a foreseeable global result. The emphasis is thus on the dynamic schedule rather than an optimal schedule. As will be demonstrated, the schedule is capable of continuous adaptation in a turbulent environment.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 76 (1989), S. 37-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15.Fg; 77.84.-S; 42.62.Hk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We describe the deposition and characterization of Bi12SiO20 (bismuth silicon oxide; BSO) thin films on Y-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and SiO2 glass substrates by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) for the application of an electric field sensor. It was found that all films deposited on YSZ substrates heated at 400 °C and more were crystallized and the (310) plane was perpendicular to the substrate normal. The highly (310) oriented crystallized films were even deposited on SiO2 glass substrates, and this will make it possible to grow the crystallized films on the end surface of a SiO2 glass fiber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 06.00 ; 07.60 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the accurate measurement of ultralow loss in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer using a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser locked to the longitudinal mode with an active frequency-stabilization technique. By measuring the resonance full width and the free spectral range with the frequency response functions, and by measuring the transmission efficiency on resonance, the finesse and the loss at 1064 nm are accurately measured to be 78100 ± 1200 (reflectance of 99.99598 ± 0.00006%) and 1 5.9 ±2.0 × 10−6 (15.9 ± 2.0 ppm), respectively.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.60; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 00 operation have been investigated under different pump light distributions that have been formed by a virtual-point-source pumping system. Compared with a central uniform distribution, a centrally depressed distribution is found to have a lower thermal lensing effect and a higher optical-to-optical efficiency for operations performed using the same resonator parameters or within a similar stable range, and the improvement in optical-to-optical efficiency is explained as a result of a reduction in thermally induced aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.60D; 42.81; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A Ge-doped Raman fiber amplifier with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio is numerically analyzed using second Stokes control pulses. Inter-pulse noise power in the signal to be amplified is moved to the second Stokes pulse and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio for the amplified signal pulse is enhanced. The effects of different kinds of second Stokes pulse on the signal are reported.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 471-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55.Xi; 42.55.Rz; 42.60.Gd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. With a 10-W diode laser to pump Nd:GdVO4 crystal in a folded cavity, we demonstrated Cr4+:YAG passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 lasers at 1.06 μm. The maximum average output power of 2.1 W and the highest peak power of 625 W were, respectively, obtained when the initial transmissions of the Cr4+:YAG crystals were 90% and 80%.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.70.Hj; 42.55.Xi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Optical absorption, emission spectra have been measured for polycrystalline Nd-doped Y3Al5O12 ceramics. Fluorescence lifetimes of 257.6 μs, 237.6 μs, 184.2 μs and 95.6 μs have been obtained for 0.6%, 1%, 2% and 4% neodymium-doped YAG ceramics, respectively. For the first time, highly efficient laser oscillation at 1064 nm has been obtained with this kind of ceramics. Slope efficiency of 53% has been achieved on a uncoated 4.8-mm thick 1% Nd:YAG ceramics sample. Optical to optical conversion efficiency is 47.6%. Laser oscillation has also been obtained with a 2% Nd:YAG ceramics. The optical properties and laser output results have been compared with that of Nd:YAG single crystal grown by the Czochralski method. Almost identical results have been achieved including laser experiments results. But fabrication of Nd:YAG ceramics is much easier compared to the single-crystal growth method. And also large size (now of about 400 mm diameter×5 mm is available) and high-concentration (〉1%) Nd:YAG ceramics can be fabricated. The results show that this kind of Nd:YAG ceramics is a very good alternative to Nd:YAG single crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Thiazolylazophenol mit einer Methyl- bzw. Phenylgruppe am Thiazolring wurde synthetisiert und seine Eignung für die spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Eisen(II) studiert. Diese Farbstoffe bilden mit Fe(II) bräunliche Komplexe, die charakteristische Absorption im nahen IR zeigen. Unter ihnen ist 2-(2-Benzothiazolylazo)-4-methoxyphenol am besten geeignet. Der Fe(II)-Komplex hat ein Absorptionsmaximum bei 815 nm in Chloroform. Das optimale pH für die Eisenextraktion liegt zwischen 5,5 und 9,5; das Beersche Gesetz ist bis zu 6 ppm Fe erfüllt, der molare Extinktionskoeffizient beträgt 1,47×104 l·mol−1·cm−1. Fe(II)∶BTMP=1∶2. Die Extraktionskonstante ist log Kex=−0,76±0,12. Zahlreiche Ionen stören auch in größerer Menge nicht. Die Methode wurde zur Eisenbestimmung in Gemischen mit 3d-Typ-Metallen, in natürlichen Wässern und in inländischem Schwefel angewandt.
    Notes: Summary Thiazolylazophenols containing a methyl or a phenyl group in the thiazole ring were synthesized and their potential for the spectrophotometric determination of iron were studied. These dyes react with iron(II) to form brownish complexes, which show a characteristic absorption in near-infrared region. Among them, 2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-4-methoxyphenol is most suitable and the iron(II) complex has the absorption maximum at 815 nm in chloroform. The optimum pH for iron extraction lies between 5.5–9.5 and Beer's law holds up to 6 ppm of iron, with a molar absorptivity of 1.47×104 1 mol−1 cm−1. The composition and the extraction constant of the complex was found to be Fe∶BTAMP=1∶2 and log Kex=−0.76±0.12, respectively. Many kinds of ions can be tolerated even in the presence of large amounts. The method has been applied to the determination of iron in mixtures containing 3d type metal ions, natural waters and native sulfurs with satisfactory results.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A gene that confers bleomycin resistance was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) B-26 into the plasmid anC18. It is of chromosomal origin rather than plasmid and exists in the chromosome making a cluster with the kanamycin-resistance gene. We found that the nucleotide sequence of the bleomycin-resistance gene from the chromosome of MRSA B-26 is identical to that from a staphylococcal plasmid, pUB110. The partial sequence of IS431mec was also found upstream from the DNA fragment containing the bleomycin- and kanamycin-resistance genes.
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