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  • Articles  (81)
  • Springer  (64)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (15)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
  • Public Library of Science
  • Physics  (81)
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  • Articles  (81)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate-assisted laser patterning of indium tin oxide thin films (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80.Ba; 81.65.Cf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Maskless laser patterning of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films was studied by the use of a diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YLF laser. The ITO films were sputter-deposited either on lime glass, the standard substrate material for flat panel display applications, or fused quartz so that the efficiency of laser patterning as a function of substrate absorption could be studied. The laser wavelength was varied among infrared (λ=1047 nm), visible (λ=523 nm), and ultraviolet (λ=349 nm and λ=262 nm). It is observed that strong light absorption by the substrate is a crucial requirement for a residue-free patterning of the ITO film. Observations and numerical calculations of the laser-induced surface temperature indicate that material removal occurs via thermal vaporization and that other mechanisms such as photochemical decomposition or spallation can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051550
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static and dynamic properties of XY systems with extended defects in cubic anisotropic crystallines (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 41 (1985), S. 497-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; efects ; random systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Static and dynamic critical behavior ofXY systems in cubic anisotropic crystallines, with extended defects (or quenched nonmagnetic impurities) strongly correlated alongɛ d -dimensional space and randomly distributed ind − ɛ d dimensions, were studied. These extended defects make the systems coordinate anisotropic, resulting in unique critical behavior due to competition between the cubic anisotropy and the coordinate anisotropy. The systems were analyzed by anɛ 1/2 (ɛ≡4 − d) type of expansion with double expansion parameters based on a renormalization-group (RG) approach. Critical exponents were calculated near the second-order phase transition point and the behavior of the first-order transition was evaluated near the tricritical point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01009020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic sweating response of man to infrared irradiation in various spectral regions (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 18-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Sweating ; Infrared irradiation ; Spectral region ; Cutaneous thermoreceptor ; Skin temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to detect differences in the thermal effect of infrared irradiation of different wavelengths, transient sweating response to infrared irradiation in various spectral regions was examined. In Series 1, the ventral or dorsal surface of the nude subject was irradiated repetitively for a period of 4 min (2 min on, 2 min off) by each of three kinds of infrared heaters with main emissivity in ‘near-infrared’ (NIR; 0.7–2.8 μm), ‘intermediate-infrared’ (MIR; 1.5–5.8 μm), and ‘far-infrared’ (FIR; 2.8–25 μm) regions. The sweating response on a non-irradiated area tended to be the greatest with MIR, while the magnitude of the sweating response on the irradiated area showed no consistent differences among various wavelengths. The results infer that MIR stimulated cutaneous thomoreceptors most effectively, while its direct effect on local sweat gland activity was minimal. In Series 2, the effects of 9–12 min irradiations in more restricted ranges of wavelength were compared by the combination of the three kinds of heaters with filters (translucent to wavelength ranges of 1.3–2.7, 2.7–3.5, 3.6–8.0 μm, respectively). The sweating response on a remote area was predominantly greater with the range of 2.7–3.5 μm than with the other wavelength ranges, while the local effect on sweating was minimal with this range. The results of Series 2 reinforce those of Series 1, indicating that the degree of stimulation of cutaneous thermoreceptors and of direct thermal effect on sweat gland activity differ with spectral regions incident on the skin, thus affecting local and remote effects on the sweating response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040958
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    μSR studies of the low‐temperature magnetism in a valence‐fluctuation compound Sm3Se4 (1997)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 104 (1997), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract μ+SR measurements have been performed on a semiconducting valence‐fluctuation compound Sm3Se4 and its reference system Sm2Se3. The μ+SR data indicate the development of spin‐glass‐like magnetic order in Sm3Se4 at low temperatures, while no evidence for the onset of static or quasi‐static magnetism has been detected in Sm2Se3 down to \cong0.1 K. The results are discussed in connection with the previous specific‐heat measurements on Sm3Se4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012667507958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge segregation in Yb4As3 observed using172Yb PAC probe (1996)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 97-98 (1996), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results of PAC measurements in heavy-fermion compound Yb4As3. The quadrupole hyperfine interaction has been investigated over the temperature range 78–850 K. The interpretation of the experimental data yields a microscopic proof of the existence of a charge-ordered state with periodic arrangement of Yb2+ and Yb3+ ions in the low temperature phase. In the high temperature phase all Yb ions are in a valence fluctuating state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150172
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quark-gluon plasma formation in the central rapidity region and finite size effects of colliding nuclei (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (1984), S. 391-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy density of the central products in the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions are calculated. In our estimation, the special attention is paid to the space-time extension of the emission points of the secondary hadrons which are originate in the successive nucleon-nucleon interactions within the finite size of colliding nuclei. The average collision number per produced particle, in the final state interaction, is also calculated and is used as a criterion whether the system is thermalized or not. It turns out that the attainable energy density in the central heavy ion collision is sensitive to the spacetime extension of the emission points. However, if the incident energy and the mass numbers of colliding nuclei are high and large, we can get high enough energy density for the phase transition from a hadronic state to a quark-gluon plasma state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01572664
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusive production ofK s 0 , K s 0 K s 0 andK *±(892) in $$\bar pp$$ interactions at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 GeV/c (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (1984), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract InclusiveK s 0 andK s 0 K s 0 production in $$\bar pp$$ interactions at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 GeV/c are studied. Cross sections ofK s 0 , K s 0 K s 0 andK *±(892) are presented for each incident momentum. The production ofK s 0 andK *±(892) through annihilation process is investigated. It is found that the annihilation process is dominant but decreases with incident momentum. The annihilation process is compared withe + e − interactions. Remarkable similarity between them is found in the $${{x_0 = 2E(K_s^0 )} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{x_0 = 2E(K_s^0 )} {\sqrt s }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt s }}$$ distribution. Events with two detectedK s 0 's are analyzed. The result shows theK s 0 K s 0 pairs are produced in the central region of c.m. system and there is a clearS * signal in theK s 0 K s 0 effective mass distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01572662
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusive Λ production in $$\bar p$$ p interactions at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 GeV/c (1984)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 24 (1984), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Inclusive Λ production in $$\bar p$$ p interactions at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 GeV/c is studied. The inclusive cross sections for Λ and Λ $$\bar \Lambda $$ production are measured. The differential cross sections as functions ofx, y, andP T 2 are given for each beam momentum. It is found that the contribution of indirect production of Λ from resonance decay is considerably enhanced in the region of higher missing mass against Λ. The negative polarization is observed for Λ with largerP T and lower missing mass, and is found to be mainly from two body reactions. Inclusive cross sections for∑ ±(1385) production and the fraction of indirect Λ from∑ ±(1385) decay are measured. The ratio between the cross sections for∑ +(1385) and∑ −(1385) productions is found to be almost constant for wide range of beam momenta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410368
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy flow in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and comparison between models (1987)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (1987), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculate the cross sections of transverse and neutral energy production in the nucleus-nucleus collisions using the additive quark model (AQM) and the wounded nucleon model (WNM). In the case of α−α collisions, the experimental data of the transverse energy (E T ) distribution favor the WNM, whereas those of the total neutral energy and the transverse neutral energy distributions favor the AQM. We predict theE T distributions in the heavy ion collisions using these two models. The AQM and the WNM give the different results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of (vinylbenzylimino)oligo(dl-phenylalanine NCA) macromer with narrow molecular weight distribution (1987)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 18 (1987), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Polymerization conditions of dl-phenylalanine N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) by m, p-vinylbenzylamine were examined for the preparation of (vinylbenzylimino)oligo(dl-phenylanaline NCA) macromer (VB-OPhe) with narrow molecular weight distribution. According to the results obtained, i.e., under the condition of short polymerization time (ca. 2 h) and in relatively high concentrations of the NCA in THF, the polymerizations of the NCA were carried out to give VB-OPhe macromers, which were found to have very narrow molecular weight distributions. Furthermore, their functionalities were proved to be approximately unity by the polymerization method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261886
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