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  • Articles  (125)
  • Wiley  (59)
  • American Geophysical Union  (44)
  • Frontiers Media  (17)
  • Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu  (5)
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  • Articles  (125)
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  • 1
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    Evaluating triple oxygen isotope estimates of gross primary production at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series and Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study sites (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): C05012, doi:10.1029/2010JC006856.
    Description: The triple oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen (17Δ) is a promising tracer of gross oxygen productivity (P) in the ocean. Recent studies have inferred a high and variable ratio of P to 14C net primary productivity (12–24 h incubations) (e.g., P:NPP(14C) of 5–10) using the 17Δ tracer method, which implies a very low efficiency of phytoplankton growth rates relative to gross photosynthetic rates. We added oxygen isotopes to a one-dimensional mixed layer model to assess the role of physical dynamics in potentially biasing estimates of P using the 17Δ tracer method at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) and Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT). Model results were compared to multiyear observations at each site. Entrainment of high 17Δ thermocline water into the mixed layer was the largest source of error in estimating P from mixed layer 17Δ. At both BATS and HOT, entrainment bias was significant throughout the year and resulted in an annually averaged overestimate of mixed layer P of 60 to 80%. When the entrainment bias is corrected for, P calculated from observed 17Δ and 14C productivity incubations results in a gross:net productivity ratio of 2.6 (+0.9 −0.8) at BATS. At HOT a gross:net ratio decreasing linearly from 3.0 (+1.0 −0.8) at the surface to 1.4 (+0.6 −0.6) at depth best reproduced observations. In the seasonal thermocline at BATS, however, a significantly higher gross:net ratio or large lateral fluxes of 17Δ must be invoked to explain 17Δ field observations.
    Description: We acknowledge support from Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (CMORE) (NSF EF-0424599) and NOAA Global Carbon Program (NA 100AR4310093). BL thanks the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation for supporting his project at BATS.
    Description: 2012-11-08
    Keywords: Bermuda Atlantic Time-series ; Hawaii Ocean Time-series ; Primary production ; Triple oxygen isotopes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades : a case study at BATS and HOT (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24 (2010): GB3020, doi:10.1029/2009GB003655.
    Description: The performance of 36 models (22 ocean color models and 14 biogeochemical ocean circulation models (BOGCMs)) that estimate depth-integrated marine net primary productivity (NPP) was assessed by comparing their output to in situ 14C data at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) and the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) over nearly two decades. Specifically, skill was assessed based on the models' ability to estimate the observed mean, variability, and trends of NPP. At both sites, more than 90% of the models underestimated mean NPP, with the average bias of the BOGCMs being nearly twice that of the ocean color models. However, the difference in overall skill between the best BOGCM and the best ocean color model at each site was not significant. Between 1989 and 2007, in situ NPP at BATS and HOT increased by an average of nearly 2% per year and was positively correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index. The majority of ocean color models produced in situ NPP trends that were closer to the observed trends when chlorophyll-a was derived from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rather than fluorometric or SeaWiFS data. However, this was a function of time such that average trend magnitude was more accurately estimated over longer time periods. Among BOGCMs, only two individual models successfully produced an increasing NPP trend (one model at each site). We caution against the use of models to assess multiannual changes in NPP over short time periods. Ocean color model estimates of NPP trends could improve if more high quality HPLC chlorophyll-a time series were available.
    Description: This research was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Agency Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program (NNG06GA03G).
    Keywords: Marine primary productivity models ; BATS HOT trends ; Multidecadal climate forcing
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  • 3
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    Interannual variability of primary production and dissolved organic nitrogen storage in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): G03019, doi:10.1029/2011JG001830.
    Description: The upper ocean primary production measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre showed substantial variability over the last two decades. The annual average primary production varied within a limited range over 1991–1998, significantly increased in 1999–2000 and then gradually decreased afterwards. This variability was investigated using a one-dimensional ecosystem model. The long-term HOT observations were used to constrain the model by prescribing physical forcings and lower boundary conditions and optimizing the model parameters against data using data assimilation. The model reproduced the general interannual pattern in the observed primary production, and mesoscale variability in vertical velocity was identified as a major contributing factor to the interannual variability in the simulation. Several strong upwelling events occurred in 1999, which brought up nitrate at rates several times higher than other years and elevated the model primary production. Our model results suggested a hypothesis for the observed interannual variability pattern of primary production at Station ALOHA: Part of the upwelled nitrate input in 1999 was converted to and accumulated as semilabile dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and subsequent recycling of this semilabile DON supported enhanced primary productivity for the next several years as the semilabile DON perturbation was gradually removed via export.
    Description: This work was supported in part by the Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research and Education (C-MORE) (NSF EF-0424599), Hawaii Ocean Time series program (NSF OCE09–26766), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Marine Biological Laboratory.
    Description: 2013-03-10
    Keywords: Mesoscale activity ; North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ; Dissolved organic nitrogen ; Interannual variability ; Primary production
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Isolation and characterization of bacteria that degrade phosphonates in marine dissolved organic matter (2017)
    Frontiers Media
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 8 (2017): 1786, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01786.
    Description: Semi-labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulates in surface waters of the oligotrophic ocean gyres and turns over on seasonal to annual timescales. This reservoir of DOM represents an important source of carbon, energy, and nutrients to marine microbial communities but the identity of the microorganisms and the biochemical pathways underlying the cycling of DOM remain largely uncharacterized. In this study we describe bacteria isolated from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) near Hawaii that are able to degrade phosphonates associated with high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM), which represents a large fraction of semi-labile DOM. We amended dilution-to-extinction cultures with HMWDOM collected from NPSG surface waters and with purified HMWDOM enriched with polysaccharides bearing alkylphosphonate esters. The HMWDOM-amended cultures were enriched in Roseobacter isolates closely related to Sulfitobacter and close relatives of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria of the Oceanospirillaceae family, many of which encoded phosphonate degradation pathways. Sulfitobacter cultures encoding C-P lyase were able to catabolize methylphosphonate and 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate, as well as the esters of these phosphonates found in native HMWDOM polysaccharides to acquire phosphorus while producing methane and ethylene, respectively. Conversely, growth of these isolates on HMWDOM polysaccharides as carbon source did not support robust increases in cell yields, suggesting that the constituent carbohydrates in HMWDOM were not readily available to these individual isolates. We postulate that the complete remineralization of HMWDOM polysaccharides requires more complex microbial inter-species interactions. The degradation of phosphonate esters and other common substitutions in marine polysaccharides may be key steps in the turnover of marine DOM.
    Description: Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (award #EF0424599 to DK and ED), the National Science Foundation HOT program (OCE-1260164 to M. J. Church and DK), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grants #492.01 and #3777 to ED, #3298 to DR, and #3794 to DK), and the Simons Foundation (award ID 329108 to DK, DR, and ED). Additional support was provided by the Agouron Institute through a fellowship to OS.
    Keywords: Bacterial degradation ; Dissolved organic matter (DOM) ; Phosphonate metabolism ; C-P lyase ; Methane ; Ethylene ; Oligotrophic conditions
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  • 5
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    Microbial group specific uptake kinetics of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 3 (2012): 189, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00189.
    Description: We investigated the concentration dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) in microbial populations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We used radiotracers to measure substrate uptake into whole water communities, differentiated microbial size classes, and two flow sorted groups; Prochlorococcus (PRO) and non-pigmented bacteria (NPB). The Pi concentrations, uptake rates, and Pi pool turnover times (Tt) were (mean, ±SD); 54.9 ± 35.0 nmol L−1 (n = 22), 4.8 ± 1.9 nmol L−1 day−1 (n = 19), and 14.7 ± 10.2 days (n = 19), respectively. Pi uptake into 〉2 μm cells was on average 12 ± 7% (n = 15) of the total uptake. The kinetic response to Pi (10–500 nmol L−1) was small, indicating that the microorganisms were close to their maximum uptake velocity (Vmax). Vmax averaged 8.0 ± 3.6 nmol L−1 day−1 (n = 19) in the 〉0.2 μm group, with half saturation constants (Km) of 40 ± 28 nmol L−1 (n = 19). PRO had three times the cell specific Pi uptake rate of NPB, at ambient concentrations, but when adjusted to cells L−1 the rates were similar, and these two groups were equally competitive for Pi. The Tt of γ-P-ATP in the 〉0.2 μm group were shorter than for the Pi pool (4.4 ± 1.0 days; n = 6), but this difference diminished in the larger size classes. The kinetic response to ATP was large in the 〉0.2 μm class with Vmax exceeding the rates at ambient concentrations (mean 62 ± 27 times; n = 6) with a mean Vmax for γ-P-ATP of 2.8 ± 1.0 nmol L−1 day−1, and Km at 11.5 ± 5.4 nmol L−1 (n = 6). The NPB contribution to γ-P-ATP uptake was high (95 ± 3%, n = 4) at ambient concentrations but decreased to ∼50% at the highest ATP amendment. PRO had Km values 5–10 times greater than NPB. The above indicates that PRO and NPB were in close competition in terms of Pi acquisition, whereas P uptake from ATP could be attributed to NPB. This apparent resource partitioning may be a niche separating strategy and an important factor in the successful co-existence within the oligotrophic upper ocean of the NPSG.
    Description: This work was supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s Marine Microbiology Initiative and The National Science Foundation OCE 0326616 and EF 04-24599, awarded to D. M. Karl.
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  • 6
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    Open ocean particle flux variability from surface to seafloor (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Cael, B. B., Bisson, K., Conte, M., Duret, M. T., Follett, C. L., Henson, S. A., Honda, M. C., Iversen, M. H., Karl, D. M., Lampitt, R. S., Mouw, C. B., Muller-Karger, F., Pebody, C. A., Smith, K. L., & Talmy, D. Open ocean particle flux variability from surface to seafloor. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(9), (2021): e2021GL092895, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092895.
    Description: The sinking of carbon fixed via net primary production (NPP) into the ocean interior is an important part of marine biogeochemical cycles. NPP measurements follow a log-normal probability distribution, meaning NPP variations can be simply described by two parameters despite NPP's complexity. By analyzing a global database of open ocean particle fluxes, we show that this log-normal probability distribution propagates into the variations of near-seafloor fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC), calcium carbonate, and opal. Deep-sea particle fluxes at subtropical and temperate time-series sites follow the same log-normal probability distribution, strongly suggesting the log-normal description is robust and applies on multiple scales. This log-normality implies that 29% of the highest measurements are responsible for 71% of the total near-seafloor POC flux. We discuss possible causes for the dampening of variability from NPP to deep-sea POC flux, and present an updated relationship predicting POC flux from mineral flux and depth.
    Description: B. B. Cael and S. A. Henson acknowledge support from the National Environmental Research Council (NE/R015953/1) and the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (820989, project COMFORT). The work reflects only the authors' views; the European Commission and their executive agency are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information the work contains. S. A. Henson also acknowledges support from a European Research Council Consolidator grant (GOCART, agreement number 724416). C. L. Follett acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation (grants #827829 and #553242). M. H. Iversen acknowledges support from the DFG-Research Center/Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean Floor – Earth's Uncharted Interface”: EXC-2077-390741603 and the HGF Young Investigator Group SeaPump “Seasonal and regional food web interactions with the biological pump”: VH-NG-1000. M. C. Honda acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology – Japan (grants #: KAKENHI JP18H04144 and JP19H05667). M. Conte acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences for support for the Oceanic Flux Program time-series since inception, most recently by NSF OCE grant 1829885. D. M. Karl acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#3794) and the Simons Foundation (SCOPE #329108).
    Keywords: Ballast ; bathypelagic ; biogeochemistry ; log-normal ; particle flux ; variability
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  • 7
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    Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project from 1989-09-22 to 2016-10-15 at station ALOHA. (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: Primary Production
    Description: Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT). Photosynthetic production of organic matter was measured by the 14C tracer method. All incubations from 1990 through mid-2000 were conducted in situ at eight depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175m) over one daylight period using a free-drifting array as described by Winn et al. (1991). Starting HOT-119 (October 2000), we collected samples from only the upper six depths & modeled the lower two depths based on the monthly climatology. During 2015, all incubations were conducted in situ on a free floating, surface tethered array. Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737163
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0926766
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  • 8
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    Sediment trap flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project at station ALOHA. (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: Particle Flux
    Description: Particle flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT). Particle flux was measured at a standard reference depth of 150 m using multiple cylindrical particle interceptor traps deployed on a free-floating array for approximately 60 h during each cruise. Sediment trap design and collection methods are described in Winn et al. (1991). Samples were analyzed for particulate C, N, P & Si. Typically six traps are analyzed for PC and PN, three for PP, and another three traps for PSi. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737393
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0926766
    Keywords: HOT ; time series ; Hawaii Ocean Time-series
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  • 9
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    Phosphonate cycling supports methane and ethylene supersaturation in the phosphate-depleted western North Atlantic Ocean (2020)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sosa, O. A., Burrell, T. J., Wilson, S. T., Foreman, R. K., Karl, D. M., & Repeta, D. J. Phosphonate cycling supports methane and ethylene supersaturation in the phosphate-depleted western North Atlantic Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, (2020), doi:10.1002/lno.11463.
    Description: In oligotrophic ocean regions, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) plays a prominent role as a source of phosphorus (P) to microorganisms. An important bioavailable component of DOP is phosphonates, organophosphorus compounds with a carbon‐phosphorus (C‐P) bond, which are ubiquitous in high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM). In addition to being a source of P, the degradation of phosphonates by the bacterial C‐P lyase enzymatic pathway causes the release of trace hydrocarbon gases relevant to climate and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we investigated the roles of phosphate and phosphonate cycling in the production of methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4) in the western North Atlantic Ocean, a region that features a transition in phosphate concentrations from coastal to open ocean waters. We observed an inverse relationship between phosphate and the saturation state of CH4 and C2H4 in the water column, and between phosphate and the relative abundance of the C‐P lyase marker gene phnJ . In phosphate‐depleted waters, methylphosphonate and 2‐hydroxyethylphosphonate, the C‐P lyase substrates that yield CH4 and C2H4, respectively, were readily degraded in proportions consistent with their abundance and bioavailability in HMWDOM and with the concentrations of CH4 and C2H4 in the water column. We conclude that phosphonate degradation through the C‐P lyase pathway is an important source and a common production pathway of CH4 and C2H4 in the phosphate‐depleted surface waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean and that phosphate concentration can be an important control on the saturation state of these gases in the upper ocean.
    Description: We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Neil Armstrong and chief scientist Benjamin Van Mooy for supporting and leading research at sea. Chiara Santinelli and Eric Grabowski provided analyses of dissolved organic carbon. This research was funded by NSF Chemical Oceanography award OCE‐1634080 to D.J.R. Additional support was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant 3794 to D.M.K. and grant 6000 to D.J.R., and the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE) program grant 329108 to D.M.K., E.F.D., and D.J.R.
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  • 10
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    Two decibar-averaged CTD profiles from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2016 (HOT project) (2019)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Dataset: CTD Profiles
    Description: HOT CTD data are collected using a SeaBird CTD 9-11 (9-11 Plus with dual sensors as of HOT-54) at the maximum sampling rate of 24 samples per second (24 Hz). They are screened for errors and processed to 2-dbar averages. The majority of the sampling effort, approximately 60-72 h per standard HOT cruise, is spent at Station ALOHA. High vertical resolution environmental data are collected with a Sea-Bird CTD having external temperature (T), conductivity (C), dissolved oxygen (DO) and fluorescence (F) sensors and an internal pressure (P) sensor. A Sea-Bird 24-place carousel and an aluminum rosette that is capable of supporting 24 12-L PVC bottles are used to obtain water samples from desired depths. The CTD and rosette are deployed on a 3-conductor cable allowing for real-time display of data and for tripping the bottles at specific depths of interest. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3937
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-0926766
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