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  • parasitism  (3)
  • Yeast  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of host nutrition on growth and development of the parasitoid waspVenturia canescens (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Venturia canescens ; Plodia interpunctella ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; host quality ; host nutrition ; koinobiont ; development ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of host (Plodia interpunctella; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) nutritional status on development of the solitary endoparasitoid,Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Parasitoids from 3rd (L3) instars reared on a deficient diet during early parasitism took longer to develop and suffered higher mortality than those reared from hosts fedad libitum although there was not a significant difference in the size of eclosing wasps from the two groups. L5 hosts reared at high density produced smaller parasitoids, which developed more rapidly than those reared from hosts from low density containers, although mortality was higher in the latter. In a separate experiment we starved groups of 10–20 hosts (parasitized as L3) daily beginning on the 4th day after parasitism, to determine the host developmental stage required for successful parasitoid development to eclosion. Parasitoid survivorship increased with length of host access to food, while the egg-to-adult parasitoid development time increased throughout the experiment. Parasitoid size decreased with increasing periods of host starvation. The successful emergence ofVenturia depends uponPlodia reaching the size normally attained in the mid-5th instar, or 50–70% of the mass of healthy late 5th instars. Our results show that when earlier instars are parasitized, host growth is essential for successful parasitoid development to eclosion. Furthermore, they suggest that, for many koinobionts, host suitability may be greatly influenced by feeding rate and food quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal influences and costs of parasitism on the development of Corcyra cephalonica and its endoparasitoid Venturia canescens (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 81 (1996), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Corcyra cephalonica ; parasitism ; encapsulation ; host regulation ; host suitability ; Venturia canescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many endoparasitoids develop successfully within a range of host instars. Parasitoid survival is highest when parasitism is initiated in earlier host instars, due to age-related changes in internal (physiological) host defences. Most studies examining fitness-related costs associated with differences in host instar have concentrated on the parasitoid, ignoring the effects of parasitism on the development of surviving hosts that have encapsulated parasitoid eggs. A laboratory experiment was undertaken examining fitness-related costs associated with encapsulation of Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) eggs by fifth (L5) instar larvae of Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Growth and development of both host and parasitoid were monitored in C. cephalonica larvae containing 0, 1, 2, or 4 parasitoid eggs. Adult size and fecundity of C. cephalonica did not vary with the number of eggs per host. However, there was a distinct increase in host mortality with egg number, although most parasitoids emerged from hosts containing a single egg. The most dramatic effect on the host was a highly significant increase in development time from parasitism to adult eclosion, with hosts containing 4 parasitoid eggs taking over 2.5 days longer to complete development than unparasitized larvae. The egg-to-adult development time and size of adult V. canescens did not vary with egg number per host, as demonstrated in a previous experiment using a different host (Plodia interpunctella). The results described here show that there are fitness-related costs to the host associated with resistance to parasitism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187836
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venturia canescens parasitizing Galleria mellonella and Anagasta kuehniella: differing suitability of two hosts with highly variable growth potential (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Venturia canescens ; host suitability ; parasitism ; Anagasta kuehniella ; Galleria mellonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Venturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a solitary larval koinobiont endoparasitoid, ovipositing in several larval instars of different pyralid moth species that are pests of stored food products. After oviposition, the host larva continues to feed and grow for at least several days, the precise time doing so depending on the stage attacked. We examined the relationship between host stage and body mass on parasitoid development in late second to fifth instars of two hosts with highly variable growth potential: the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L) and the flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). G. mellonella is the largest known host of V. canescens, with healthy larvae occasionally exceeding 400mg at pupation, whereas those of A. kuehniella rarely exceed 40 mg at the same stage. Parasitoid survival was generally higher in early instars of G. mellonella than in later instars. By contrast, percentage adult emergence in A. kuehniella was highest in late fifth instar and lowest in late second instar. A. kuehniella was the more suitable host species, with over 45% adult emergence in all instars, whereas in G. mellonella we found less than 35% adult emergence in all instars. Adult parasitoid size increased and egg-to-adult development time decreased in a host size- and instar-specific manner from A. kuehniella. The relationship between host size and stage and these fitness correlates was less clear in G. mellonella. Although both host species were parasitized over a similar range of fresh weights, the suitability weight-range of A. kuehniella was considerably wider than G. mellonella for the successful development of V. canescens. However, in hosts of similar weight under 5 mg when parasitized, larger wasps emerged from G. mellonella than from A. kuehniella. Parasitoid growth and development is clearly affected by host species, and we argue that patterns of host utilization and resource acquisition by parasitoids have evolved in accordance with host growth potential and the nutritional requirements of the parasitoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003007730958
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-site antibiotic resistance mutations in the ribosomal region of yeast mitochondrial DNA (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Antibiotic resistance mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A large proportion of the spontaneous erythromycin resistant mutants isolated from a strain carrying a previously-induced chloramphenicol resistance mutation at cap3 do not map at ery1, the locus most often associated with mitochondrial erythromycin resistance. Most of the new mutations are also nonallelic at spil, spi2, and other known antibiotic resistance loci within the 21S rRNA gene; they are allelic with each other and define the new locus, ery2. Induced second-site erythromycin resistant mutants from the cap r3 strain, as well as spontaneous or induced mutants from strains carrying a cap r 1 mutation, all tend to map at eryl. The cap r3 mutation is apparently necessary for the expression of erythromycin resistance resulting from a second mutation at ery2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445736
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear suppressors of mitochondrial chloramphenicol resistance in Baker's yeast: their use for the isolation of novel mutants (1984)
    Springer
    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Antibiotic resistance mutations ; Suppressor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Strains that are genotypically sensitive to chloramphenicol and also contain one of the nuclear suppressors of mitochondrial chloramphenicol resistance (Waxman et al. 1979) were constructed. A manganese mutagenesis on such a strain produced chloramphenicol resistant mutants, most of which resulted from mutations in nuclear genes. These mutants may be either dominant or recessive, and they probably do not code for membrane proteins. The few mitochondrial mutants fall into several classes, but all result from mutations in the 21S rRNA gene. The suppressor allele effectively prevents the appearance of the most common group of mitochondrial mutants (those that map at cap1), and thereby enhances the selection of novel mutants in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420230
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