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Effect of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and aminoethoxyvinylglycine on ethylene emanation and somatic embryogenesis from orchardgrass leaf cultures (1989)

Songstad, D. D. ; Petracek, P. D. ; Sams, C. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant cell reports 7 (1989), S. 677-679

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ISSN: 1432-203X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Ethylene emanation rates were assessed from leaf tissues of an embryogenic seed plant (Cycle 0) and regeneration cycle plants selected for enhanced embryogenesis (Cycles I, II and IV). In all experiments, ethylene was assessed from the basal 1 cm portion of the innermost leaf. Ethylene emanation was five-fold higher in Cycle II and Cycle IV plants than in Cycle 0 and nonembryogenic (NE) seed plants. After two days culture on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 30 μM dicamba (SH-30), ethylene emanation from Cycle 0 and Cycle II leaf sections increased by 55-fold. Culture of leaf explants for 30 days on SH-30 containing 1 mM 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) reduced the embryogenic response by 99%. Treatment of leaf explants with 1 mM aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) reduced ethylene emanation but did not affect embryogenesis. The data indicate that ethylene mediated by ACC may hinder the embryogenic response from orchardgrass leaf cultures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272059

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Distribution of the anionic sites in the cell wall of apple fruit after calcium treatment (1994)

Roy, S. ; Conway, W. S. ; Watada, A. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Protoplasma 178 (1994), S. 156-167

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ISSN: 1615-6102

Keywords: Calcium ; Cationic gold ; Cell wall ; Fruit ; Pectin ; Ripening

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The ripening and softening of fleshy fruits involves biochemical changes in the cell wall. These changes reduce cell wall strength and lead to cell separation and the formation of intercellular spaces. Calcium, a constituent of the cell wall, plays an important role in interacting with pectic acid polymers to form cross-bridges that influence cell wall strength. In the present study, cationic colloidal gold was used for light and electron microscopic examinations to determine whether the frequency and distribution of anionic binding sites in the walls of parenchyma cells in the apple were influenced by calcium, which was pressure infiltrated into mature fruits. Controls were designed to determine the specificity of this method for in muro labelling of the anionic sites on the pectin polymers. The results indicate that two areas of the cell wall were transformed by the calcium treatment: the primary cell walls on either side of the middle lamella and the middle lamella intersects that delineate the intercellular spaces. The data suggest that calcium ions reduce fruit softening by strengthening the cell walls, thereby preventing cell separation that results in formation of intercellular spaces.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01545965

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Influence of low temperature preincubation on somatic embryogenesis and ethylene emanation from orchardgrass leaves (1994)

Tomaszewski, Z. ; Kuklin, A. I. ; Sams, C. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 229-234

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ISSN: 1573-5087

Keywords: aminooxyacetic acid ; Dactylis glomerata ; ethylene ; low temperature ; somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of low temperature (4 °C) preincubation on somatic embryogenesis from orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) leaf cultures and to relate these effects to ethylene emanation during the preincubation and incubation periods. Experiments were also conducted with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Segments from the innermost two leaves were cultured on SH medium with 30 μM dicamba at 4 °C for 1 to 7 d before transfer to 21 °C. Results from a paired design showed that the embryogenic response of leaf segments preincubated at 4 °C was equal or superior to nonpreincubated leaves at all time periods. Ethylene emanation was decreased during the low temperature incubation. Transfer of leaf segments from 4 °C to 21 °C was accompanied by a burst of ethylene which rose to control levels within 30 min. AOA at 20 and 40 μM decreased ethylene emanation but did not stimulate the embryogenic response. We conclude that the stimulation of somatic embryogenesis by low temperature is probably due to factors other than suppression of ethylene biosynthesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024797

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