ALBERT

Description: We obtained Core KX97322-4 (00°01.73′S, 159°14.66′E, 2362 m) from the Ontong Java Plateau in the central WPWP using a giant piston corer on the Science-1 vessel during the Warm Pool Subject Cruise executed in 2008. The sedimentation rate is 0.39–4.95 cm kyr^-1^, with an average time resolution of 0.57 kyr cm^-1^. The age model was established based on downcore stable oxygen isotope measurements on the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (〉500 μm) correlated with the reference benthic stack LR04 using Match 2.3.1 software, combined with five accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (^14^C) dates on the planktonic foraminifer Trilobatus sacculifer (with a sac) (350–500 μm) measured at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA. We measured stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca ratio of planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), using GV IsoPrime mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Thermo-Fisher, iCAP6300 radial) to rebuild paleo-temperature and salinity of the central western Pacific warm pool during the last 360, 000 years, aiming to probe paleo-ENSO progress in late Quaternary.

Description: This data set contains a compilation of records of sea-surface and thermocline temperatures, derived from planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca, for the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (ranges 14.8°N-13.1°S, 115.2°E-158.0°E) over the past 25,000 years. It contains two sets of data-sheets (six sheets). Set 1: the mean anomaly stacks of sea-surface temperature anomaly )(SSTA, sheet 1), thermocline water temperature anomaly (TWTA, sheet 2), oxygen isotope composition of Globigerinoides ruber (Gr-A, sheet 3) and surface water oxygen isotope composition (Δδ18Osw, sheet 4) of IPWP over the last 25 ka. Set 2: the records of Mg/Ca and calibrated temperatures of Cores MD10-3340 (0.52°S, 128.72°E, sheet 5), SO18480 (12.06°S, 121.65°E, sheet 6) and KX21-2 (1.42°S, 157.98°E, sheet 7) firstly reported in this study.

Description: Using a large piston corer on the Science-1 vessel during the Warm Pool Subject Cruise in 2008, we recovered Core KX97322-4 (00°01.73′S, 159°14.66′E, 2362 m) from the Ontong-Java Plateau in the central western Pacific warm pool. The sedimentation rate is 0.39-4.95 cm/kyr, with an average time resolution of 0.57 kyr/cm. The age model was established based on downcore stable oxygen isotope measurements on the benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (〉500 μm) correlated with the reference benthic stack LR04 using Match 2.3.1 software, combined with seven accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (14C) data on the planktonic foraminifer Trilobatus sacculifer (with a sac) (350–500 μm), five data published before and another two new data was performed at NOSMAS and Beta Analytic Inc., USA. We measured stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca ratio of planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber, T.sacculifer, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinella siphonifera, Globorotalia crassaformis and Globorotalia truncatulinoides dextral at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), using GV IsoPrime mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Thermo-Fisher, iCAP6300 radial) to rebuild paleo-temperature and salinity of the central western Pacific warm pool during the last 30,000 years, aiming to probe paleo-ENSO progress during the last deglaciation.

Description: The datasets contains foraminiferal oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) records of MD10-3340, retrieved in the Halmahera Sea. The records of G. ruber (250 to 350 µm) and P. obliquiloculata (350 to 440 µm) were measured at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China with a Finnigan-MAT253 mass spectrometer. Conversion to the international Pee Dee belemnite scale was performed using NBS19 standard, and the long-term variability of δ¹⁸O is better than 0.07 per mil. The records cover the last ~235 ka.

Description: This dataset contains planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca-derived temperature estimates, age control points and δ18O of 5 sediment cores ODP807 (156.625ºE, 3.61ºN, 2804 m water depth), KX21-2 (157.98ºE, 1.417ºS, 1897 m water depth), MD10-3340 (128.725ºE, 0.517ºS, 1094 m water depth), SO18480-3 (121.65ºE, 12.058ºS, 2299 m water depth) and MD98-2162 (117.9ºE, 4.69ºS, 1855 m water depth) from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) over the last 360 ka. Also included are planktonic foraminifera-based IPWP stacks of SST, TWT, upper OHC above 200 m and sea water δ18O (δ18Osw), reconstructed from these five cores and five previously published records in the IPWP (GeoB17426-3: 150.86ºE, 2.188ºS, 1367 m water depth; MD01-2386: 129.793ºE, 1.13ºN, 2816 m water depth; MD06-3067: 126.5ºE, 6.514ºN, 1575 m water depth; SO18460: 129.237ºE, 9.089ºS, 1421 m water depth; MD01-2378: 121.788ºE, 13.083ºS, 1783 m water depth). To reveal the modulation of IPWP OHC on ocean-continent hydrological cyle, we also attached numerical simulated upper OHC (above 200m), δ18Osw (sea water) and δ18Op (atmospheric rainfall) from a 300kyr's transient simulation of the NASA GISS-ModelE2-R model (totally 3000 model years with a acceleration factor of 100). The annual mean OHC and δ18Osw are regional averaged over 15ºS-15ºN, 110ºE-160ºW, and over 5ºS-15ºN, 140ºE-170ºE, respectively. The annual and summer (July-August-September) mean δ18Op are averaged over East Asia (15ºN-40ºN, 85ºE-125ºW). Another upper OHC data (above 20℃ isotherm depth) is also provided by a simulation of the NCAR CESM model under the 300kyr's transient forcing of orbital parameters and greenHouse gases.