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  • barley  (7)
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • Springer  (7)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-temperature-responsive translation elongation factor 1α from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold ; cDNA ; EF-1α ; elongation factor 1α ; low temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone (pBLT63) encoding a protein synthesis elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) was isolated from a low-temperature winter barley shoot meristem library by differential screening. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the low-temperature-induced barley gene shows very high homology with two EF-1α plant genes from tomato and Arabidopsis. The barley genome contains an EF-1α gene family situated on the short arm of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 5. The nucleotide sequence data reported will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number Z23130.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021434
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature-responsive barley genes have different control mechanisms (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 879-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold acclimation ; gene expression ; low temperature genes ; nuclear run-on transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several low-temperature-responsive (LTR) genes from barley have been shown to have high steady-state transcript levels. Run-on transcription was used to determine the control of expression of these LTR genes. Six of these are shown to be transcriptionally regulated (blt 4/9, blt 101, blt 1015, blt 63, blt 49, blt 410) whilst three are post-transcriptionally regulated (blt 14, blt 411, blt 801). Two transcriptionally regulated genes (blt 4/9 and blt 101) and one post-transcriptionally regulated gene (blt 14) have been used in expression studies. The time course for the appearance and decay of these transcripts is given. Initial appearance and steady-state levels of individual transcripts have different temperature characteristics but no single gene correlates with the cold acclimation response. We suggest that these different response profiles may represent a means of fine-tuning the low-temperature response. One gene, blt 4/9, also accumulated high steady-state levels of transcript in response to drought and a nutrient stress. However, only drought has an acclimating effect on barley plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014442
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis and spatial expression pattern of a low-temperature-specific barley gene, blt101 (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 871-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cold ; low temperature ; barley ; gene expression ; cDNA ; shoot meristem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone of the previously unreported low-temperature-induced gene blt101 was isolated after a differential screen of a cDNA library prepared from low-temperature (6 °C day/2 °C night) grown barley shoot meristems. Southern blot analysis of barley ditelosomic addition lines was used to assign this single-copy gene to the long arm of chromosome 4. Analysis of steady-state levels of blt101 mRNA showed the induction of this transcript in shoot meristems upon transfer of barley (cv. Igri) plants from control (20 °C/15 °C) to low (6 °C/2 °C) temperature treatment. Further, the high level of this transcript is maintained at low temperatures but is reduced on transfer from low to control temperatures. The gene is not induced by drought or by foliar application of ABA. Analysis of segregating doubled haploid lines shows that there is no specific association of this gene with either spring/winter growth habit or frost hardiness. Examination of the spatial expression pattern revealed ubiquitous expression of blt101 in low-temperature (6 °C/2 °C) grown barley shoot meristems, mature leaves and roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-temperature-responsive gene from barley encodes a protein with single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity which is phosphorylated in vitro (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 947-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; low temperature ; frost acclimation ; glycine-rich ; RNA-binding protein ; abscisic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A low-temperature-responsive gene, blt 801, isolated from a winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cDNA library prepared from leaf meristematic tissue, was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GR-RNP) which was homology to stress-responsive GR-RNPs from several other plant species. BLT 801 is a two-domain protein, the amino-terminal domain comprises a consensus RNA-binding domain similar to that found in many eukaryotic genes and the carboxy-terminal domain is extremely glycine-rich (68.5% glycine). Blt 801 mRNA also accumulates in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid. The protein encoded by blt 801 has been produced as a recombinant fusion protein using a bacterial expression vector. The fusion protein, a chimaera of glutathione S-transferase and BLT 801, has been used in studies to determine nucleic acid binding and other characteristics. Binding studies with single-stranded nucleic acids show that BLT 801 has affinity for homoribopolymers G, A and U but not C, it also binds to single-stranded DNA and selects RNA molecules containing open loop structures enriched in adenine but low in cytosine. BLT 801 has a consensus motif for phosphorylation by cAMP protein kinase (PKA) at the junction between the two domains which can be phosphorylated by PKA in vitro and which, by analogy to animal studies, may have significance for controlling enzyme function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    mRNA stability and localisation of the low-temperature-responsive barley gene family blt14 (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 33 (1997), S. 1013-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold acclimation ; multigene family ; mRNA stability ; organ specific expression ; post-transcriptional regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription and translation inhibitors have been used to investigate the role of mRNA stability in the low-temperature-regulated expression of the post-transcriptionally controlled low temperature responsive barley gene family, blt14. Genomic clones (blt14.1, blt14.2) representing additional members of the blt14 gene family have been isolated and sequenced. Gene specific probes have been used to analyse the spatial expression of each individual member of the blt14 gene family. Findings indicate that all of the genes are responsive to low temperature, but the organ distribution is different for each gene. The results indicate that blt14.0 mRNA is stabilised by a low-temperature-dependent protein factor. Taken together, the results suggest that organ-specific post-transcriptional mechanisms are important in the low-temperature regulation of blt14 gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005717613224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term regeneration by somatic embryogenesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissue cultures derived from apical meristem explants (1985)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 5 (1985), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; callus culture ; plant regeneration ; somatic embryogenesis ; organogenesis ; apical meristem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cultures were initiated from apical meristem explants of one to four-week-old aseptically-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Atlas 57) plants. Embryogenic callus and plants were produced in three separate experiments; the cultures have retained regenerative capacity for three years after initiation. Our results demonstrate that explants other than immature embryos are embryogenically competent in barley and that regeneration occurs by both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of promoter elements in a low-temperature-responsive gene (blt4.9) from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 551-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: barley ; cold ; electrophoretic mobility shift assay ; lipid transfer protein ; low temperature ; promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The blt4 barley gene family encodes non-specific lipid transfer proteins and has been shown, by in situ localisation, to be expressed in the epidermal cells of leaves. The transcriptionally controlled, low-temperature-responsive member of this gene family, blt4.9, is predominantly expressed in shoot meristems. The promoter region (1938 bp) of blt4.9 contains sequence motifs which have been implicated in responses to low temperature, abscisic acid and other environmental factors. Deletion analysis showed that a 42 bp sequence proximal to, but not including, the CAAT and TATA boxes, confers enhanced low-temperature response to a reporter gene in a barley shoot explant transient expression system. Other promoter regions were shown to contain negative and positive regulatory regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) was used with nuclear proteins from either low-temperature- or control-temperature-treated plants to further investigate the blt4.9 promoter. Synthetic oligonucleotides were used to identify a hexanucleotide, CCGAAA, within the 42 bp, low-temperature-responsive promoter region, as the binding site of a low-mobility nuclear protein complex. This complex was present in nuclear extracts from both low-temperature-treated and control plants and was the only complex formed within this region. Mutation of the CCGAAA motif within the low-temperature-responsive 42 bp promoter sequence reduced low-temperature responsiveness to basal levels. A related upstream element, CCGAC, known to be a low-temperature-responsive element in other plants, did not bind to nuclear proteins in this study. It is proposed that the hexanucleotide CCGAAA, at -195 from the first ATG, is involved in the low-temperature response of blt4.9 in barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006098132352
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