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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 70 (2000), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufschmelzung im Ungleichgewicht dokumentiert an granulitfaziellen Metasedimenten der nördlichen Serre (Kalabrien, Süditalien) Die Sr und Nd Isotopensystematik von Leuko-, Meso- und Melanosomen, einschließlich von 12 Leukosom- und Nebengesteinspaaren, wurde untersucht. Sie treten in migmatitischen Metapeliten der Serre (südliches Kalabrien) auf, deren granulitfazielle Metamorphose als hercynisch eingestuft wird. Die meisten Proben stammen aus dem unteren Teil der mittleren Metapeliteinheit, die eine Mächtigkeit von 5–6 km erreicht. Die in den Migmatitien auftretenden Leukosome sind hauptsächlich K-arme, peraluminöse Leukotonalite. Die Nebengesteine (Metapelite, Metagrauwacken, und Opx-führende Gesteine) sind mehr oder weniger an “granitischer” Komponente verarmt und haben molare A/CNK Verhältnisse bis 15, mit den höchsten Werten in Granat- Sillimanit- reichen Metapeliten. Die Sm/Nd- Verhältnisse sind generell niedriger in den Leukosomen. Rb/Sr ist sehr niedrig (≪ 1) und niedriger als in den Meso- und Melanosomen. Die Sr- und Nd-Isotopenzusammensetzungen variieren stark innerhalb der verschiedenen Nebengesteine und ihrer assoziierten Leukosome. Eine Korrelation der Nd- und Sr- Isotopenzusammensetzungen zwischen koexistierenden Leukosomen und Nebengesteinen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Die Sr- und Nd-Isotopie der Leukosome ist weniger variabel als die der Nebengesteine. Die Melanosome, sie haben A/CNK 〉 3, zeigen die niedrigsten εNd290 Ma Werte als Folge der Retention von Granat und Akzessorien und der Verarmung an Feldspat. Die Leukosome definieren einen hyperbolischen Trend, wobei die meisten Proben in der Mitte zu liegen kommen. Dies wird so interpretiert, dass mehrere Gesteinstypen, die eine gewichtete mittlere Zusammensetzung der an der Aufschmelzung beteiligten Ausgangsmaterialien darstellen, aufgeschmolzen wurden. Die vorherrschenden Leukotonalite und ihre sehr niedrigen Rb/Sr Verhältnisse zeigen, dass Plagioklas eine wichtigere Rolle bei den leukosombildenden Schmelzprozessen spielte als Glimmer. Da Mineralvergesellschaftungen, die arm an Biotit und Alkalifeldspat sind, häufig in metapelitischen Restiten auftreten, müssen K-reiche Schmelzen – sie sind zu erwarten wenn Glimmer aufgeschmolzen werden – vor der Bildung der Leukosome extrahiert worden sein.
    Notes: Summary Leucosomes, mesosomes and melanosomes, including 12 leucosome-host rock pairs have been studied for Sr and Nd isotopic systematics in migmatitic metapelites of the Serre (southern Calabria) which experienced granulite facies conditions in Hercynian times. Most samples came from the deep to middle part of a metapelitic unit, which is 5–6 km thick. The leucosomes presently occurring in the migmatites are mainly K-poor peraluminous leucotonalites; the host rocks (metapelites, metagreywackes and opx-bearing rocks) are more or less depleted in “granitic” component and have molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) (A/CNK) ratios up to 15; the highest values relate to garnet + sillimanite-rich metapelites. Sm/Nd ratios are generally lower in the leucosomes and Rb/Sr ratios are very low (≪ 1) and lower than in related mesosomes and melanosomes. The isotopic Sr and Nd values vary in a wide range within the various kinds of host-rocks and within the leucosomes. A correlation of Nd- and Sr- isotopic compositions between coexisting leucosomes and host-rocks has not been found. The isotopic Sr and Nd values of the leucosomes are less variable than the host-rocks; melanosomes having A/CNK ratios 〉 3 concentrate at the lowest εNd290 Ma values, owing to retention of garnet and accessories and depletion of feldspars. The leucosomes define a hyperbolic trend where most samples concentrate in the middle part. These features are interpreted as reflecting melting of several rock types generating melts having a weighted mean composition from the contributing sources. The prevailing leucotonalites and their very low Rb/Sr ratios indicate that plagioclase played a more important role than mica in the melting processes which produced the studied leucosomes. Since assemblages lacking or very poor in biotite and K-feldspar are common in metapelitic restites, potassic melts, as one should expect from melting of micas, must have been extracted before the leucosomes under study formed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Magma chambers ; Isotope geochemistry ; Fluid inclusions ; Geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The magmatic system feeding the last eruption of the volcano La Fossa, Vulcano Island, Italy was studied. The petrogenetic mechanisms controlling the differentiation of erupted rocks were investigated through petrography, mineral chemistry, major, trace and rare earth element and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic geochemistry. In addition, melt inclusion and fluid inclusion data were collected on both juvenile material and xenolithic partially melted metamorphic clasts to quantify the P–T conditions of the magma chamber feeding the eruption. A regular and continuous chemical zoning has been highlighted: rhyolites are the first erupted products, followed by trachytes and latites, whereas rhyolitic compositions were also found in the upper part of the sequence. The chemical and isotopic composition of the rhyolites indicates that they originated by fractional crystallization from latitic magmas plus the assimilation of crustal material; the trachytes represent hybrid magmas resulting from the mixing of latites and rhyolites, contaminated in the shallow magmatic system. The erupted products, primarily compositionally zoned from latites to rhyolites, are heterogeneous due to syn-eruptive mingling. The occurrence of magma–crust interaction processes, evidenced by isotopic variations (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70474±3 to 0.70511±3;143Nd/144Nd = 0.512550±6 to 0.512614±8;206Pb/204Pb = 19.318–19.489;207Pb/204Pb=15.642–15.782;208Pb/204Pb = 39.175–39.613), is confirmed by the presence of partially melted metamorphic xenoliths, with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.71633±6 to 0.72505±2 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51229±7, in rhyolites and trachytes. AFC calculations indicate a few percentage contribution of crustal material to the differentiating magmas. Thermometric measurements on melt inclusions indicate that the crystallization temperatures of the latites and trachytes were in the range of 1050–1100°  C, whereas the temperature of the rhyolites appears to have been around 1000°  C at the time of the eruption. Compositional data on melt inclusions reveal that the magmas involved in the eruption contained about 1–1.5 wt.% dissolved H2O in pre-eruptive conditions. Secondary fluid inclusions found in metamorphic xenoliths give low equilibration pressure data (30–60 MPa), giving the location of the higher portions of the chamber at around 1500–2000 m of depth.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Magma chambers ; Isotope geochemistry ; Fluid inclusions ; Geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The magmatic system feeding the last eruption of the volcano La Fossa, Vulcano Island, Italy was studied. The petrogenetic mechanisms controlling the differentiation of erupted rocks were investigated through petrography, mineral chemistry, major, trace and rare earth element and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic geochemistry. In addition, melt inclusion and fluid inclusion data were collected on both juvenile material and xenolithic partially melted metamorphic clasts to quantify the P-T conditions of the magma chamber feeding the eruption. A regular and continuous chemical zoning has been highlighted: rhyolites are the first erupted products, followed by trachytes and latites, whereas rhyolitic compositions were also found in the upper part of the sequence. The chemical and isotopic composition of the rhyolites indicates that they originated by fractional crystallization from latitic magmas plus the assimilation of crustal material; the trachytes represent hybrid magmas resulting from the mixing of latites and rhyolites, contaminated in the shallow magmatic system. The erupted products, primarily compositionally zoned from latites to rhyolites, are heterogeneous due to syn-eruptive mingling. The occurrence of magmacrust interaction processes, evidenced by isotopic variations (87Sr/86Sr=0.70474±3 to 0.70511±3; 143Nd/144Nd=0.512550±6 to 0.512614±8; 206Pb/204Pb=19.318–19.489; 207Pb/204Pb=15.642–15.782; 208Pb/204Pb=39.175–39.613), is confirmed by the presence of partially melted metamorphic xenoliths, with 87Sr/86Sr=0.71633±6 to 0.72505±2 and 143Nd/144Nd=0.51229±7, in rhyolites and trachytes. AFC calculations indicate a few percentage contribution of crustal material to the differentiating magmas. Thermometric measurements on melt inclusions indicate that the crystallization temperatures of the latites and trachytes were in the range of 1050–1100° C, whereas the temperature of the rhyolites appears to have been around 1000°C at the time of the eruption. Compositional data on melt inclusions reveal that the magmas involved in the eruption contained about 1–1.5 wt.% dissolved H2O in pre-eruptive conditions. Secondary fluid inclusions found in metamorphic xenoliths give low equilibration pressure data (30–60 MPa), giving the location of the higher portions of the chamber at around 1500–2000 m of depth.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 68 (1979), S. 41-60 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Rb/Sr whole rock method was used to carry out radiometric analyses on about forty samples from the Vedrette di Ries massif. The samples were arranged in five sample groups. The age of this massif was found to be Middle Oligocene, and the best-defined isochron (30±3 m. y.) was obtained with a group of nine samples from the Upper Anterselva Valley. The values of the initial Sr isotopic ratio range between 0.709 and 0.727. This fact suggests that these melts were the result of the anatexis of different crustal materials, with some contributions from components with low (87Sr/86Sr)i values. A genetic link is proposed between these Oligocene melts and the “Tauern metamorphism”.
    Abstract: Résumé Pour analyser radiométriquement environ quarante échantillons du massif de Riesenferner (Vedrette di Ries) on a employé la méthode Rb/Sr sur roche totale. Les échantillons ont été réunis en cinq groupes. Il en résulte que l'âge de ce massif remonte à l'Oligocène moyen. L'isochrone la meilleure (30±3 m.y.) a été obtenue avec un groupe de neuf échantillons provenant de la haute vallée d'Antholz (Anterselva). Les valeurs des rapports initiaux (87Sr/86Sr) se placent entre 0,709 et 0,727: Cela suggère que ces liquides ont été le résultat d'une anatexie portant sur différents matériaux de la croûte, avec contribution de composants à basses valeurs (87Sr/86Sr). On propose un lien génétique entre ces magmas de l'Oligocène et le métamorphisme des 〉Tauern〈.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für eine radiometrische Gesamtgesteinsanalyse von etwa vierzig Proben des Rieserferner-Massivs, hat man sich der Rb/Sr Methode bedient. Die Proben wurden in fünf Gruppen zusammengestellt. Daraus ergibt sich, daß das Alter dieses Massivs Mittel-oligozän ist. Die beste Isochrone (30±3 M. Jahre) wurde mit einer Gruppe von neun Proben, die aus dem oberen Antholzertal ergaben, erreicht. Die Werte der initialen Sr87/Sr86-Isotopenverhältnisse sind zwischen 0,709 und 0,727. Das regt zum Denken an, daß diese Schmelze das Ergebnis von Anatexis von verschiedenen Krustengesteinen mit der Hilfe von Komponenten mit niedrigen Werten (87Sr/86Sr); waren. Zwischen diesen Oligozänschmelzen und der Tauernmetamorphose wird eine genetische Bindung vorgeschlagen.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages have been obtained on six biotites, two muscovites and one hornblende from samples of micaschist, gneiss and amphibolite of Lower Paleozoic to Precambrian age at a depth exceeding 2,000 m in basement rocks of the Larderello-Travale geothermal region. Most of the data cluster in the range 2.5–3.7 Ma, revealing the existence of a Pliocene thermal event to which the origin of the field may be attributed. The resulting duration of the Larderello geothermal field is unexpectedly long. In the basement levels of the two wells examined, unstabilized minimum temperatures of 290° and 380° C were measured. All the biotites show almost complete 40Ar and 87Sr retention at the measured well temperatures. Petrologic evidence (stilpnomelane stability) and experimental data (activation energies and diffusion coefficients) also favour a closure temperature above 400° C for Rb-Sr and K-Ar in biotites, in agreement with recent direct experimental determinations. For the last 3 Ma mean geothermal gradients of 120°–150° C/km have been evaluated in the first 2–3 km, and 60°–65° C/km in the underlying 2 km. A rough estimate of total cooling in the last 3 Ma gives a value of 120° C at 2,500 m depth and 50° C at 4,000 m depth in Sasso 22 well. A mean uplift rate of about 0.2 mm/year is calculated independently.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Along the Western Alps there is geological evidence of late-Alpine (Oligocene) magmatic activity which clearly postdates the Lepontine (Eocene-early Oligocene) metamorphism and related deformation of the Alpine nappe pile. This magmatic activity was notably delayed in relation to the most important convergent processes and may be related to buoyancy of lithosphere, tensional tectonics and thermal updoming subsequent to the collision between the Eurasian and African plates. The geochemical features of the rocks and the geophysical characteristics of the Alpine chain, suggest that: (a) shoshonitic and calcalkaline melts may have been generated by partial melting of metasomatized peridotitic material and subsequent fractional crystallization and crustal contamination; silicic andesites and latites, however, could have been also derived from metasomatized eclogite or deep continental crust material; (b) the ultrapotassic lamprophyres with high K, P, LREE, Th, Zr, U and high 87Sr/86Sr ratios were generated by partial melting of strongly metasomatized mantle; the varied Sr-isotopic ratios may partially also reflect additional radiogenic component from the continental crust following magma segregation from the source.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 68 (1979), S. 421-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Rock samples from the lithologic units forming the Adamello massif were analyzed for Rb and Sr concentrations and for87Sr/86Sr and18O/16O ratios. The most important features are as follows: (a) the strontium and oxygen isotopes show a systematic variation from south to northwest across the massif, the older units in the south being lower both in87Sr and18O; (b) a good positive correlation was found between strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions. Two genetic models are advanced for explaining the results: (1) the mixing of two magmas with different18O and87Sr contents; (2) magma formation at different depths in a crust layered with respect to both oxygen and strontium isotope composition.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annali di matematica pura ed applicata 79 (1968), S. 399-411 
    ISSN: 1618-1891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A general boundary value problem, involving a Stieltjes integral, is considered for a linear system of ordinary differential equations. By a convenient definition of the adjoint problem a classical solvability condition is obtained. Finally, an application to equations with perturbation term a distribution is given.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor ; 125I-labelled compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary 125I-aprotinin has been prepared and purified by affinity chromatography in combination with hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The method allows the preparation of the labelled inhibitor practically carrier-free, in saline solution without organic modifier and the isolated compound retained inhibition activity. Recovery of radioactive material was virtually quantitative, without substantial accumulation of radioactivity on the column. Compared with currently used procedures, the method is more reliable because the labelled polypeptide is collected by following its specific chromatographic signal.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 381-386 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Bovine trypsin ; Porcine kallikrein ; Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibility of determining more than one enzyme at the same time has been examined. A new approach, based on the measurement of a direct and specific chromatographic signal obtained by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) of the stable complex formed with the inhibitor aprotinin, is proposed. A basic procedure for the quantitative determination of trypsin and kallikrein, taken as models, is described. The method is precise with a mean coefficient of variation of 3.1% and 3.5% for trypsin and kallikrein, respectively; the limit of determination for both enzymes is 0.17 nmol ml−1 in the original sample.
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