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  • American Chemical Society  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (4)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent experiments with liquid gallium cooling of crystal diffraction optics (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 485-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The x-ray beams for the next generation of synchrotrons will contain much more power (1–10 kW) than is available at present day facilities. Cooling the first optical components in these beam lines will require the best cooling technology that one can bring to bear. Argonne continues to pioneer the use of liquid metals as the cooling fluid and has adopted liquid gallium as the liquid metal of choice. Its low melting point, 29.7 °C and its very low vapor pressure make it an easy fluid to handle and its high thermal conductivity and heat capacity make it an excellent cooling fluid. A series of experiments were performed during April 1991 with the wiggler beam at the F2 station of the CHESS facility at Cornell to investigate the cooling of large areas of high power. Two types of cooling crystal geometries were tested, one where the cooling channels were core-drilled just below the surface of the crystal and a second where slots were cut into the crystal just below the surface with a diamond saw. Both crystals performed well with beam powers up to 1050 W and power densities of up to 14.5 W/mm2 at normal incidence.An infrared camera was used to measure the variation in the temperature of the top layer of the silicon crystals. For the core-drilled crystal the peak temperature measured at the center of the beam at a power density of 12.3 W/mm2 was 15 °C hotter than the crystal surface outside of the beam with a flow of liquid gallium of 2 gpm (gallons per minute) and was 10 °C with a flow of 4 gpm. The maximum distortion of the crystal surface distortion of the core drilled crystal was about ±2.0 arcsec for the 2 gpm case with a maximum power density of 10.9 W/mm2 and about 5% of the expected beam intensity was lost at peak power of 14.5 W/mm2. For the slotted crystal the peak temperature difference for a peak power of 10.9 W/mm2 was 3.5 and 2.0 °C for liquid gallium flows of 1 and 2 gpm, respectively. No intensity loss was measured for the maximum power density of 14.5 W/mm2. The fact that the peak temperature differences on the surface of both crystals was decreasing with increased flow of liquid gallium suggests that even higher power densities can be accommodated with higher flows of liquid gallium. This work is supported by the Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142738
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for Isolation of Hemicelluloses Directly from Maple Wood (1947)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 19 (1947), S. 1029-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60012a027
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent experiments with liquid gallium cooling of crystal diffraction opticsa) (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1746-1754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The x-ray beams for the next generation of synchrotrons will contain much more power (1–10 kW) than is available at present day facilities. Cooling the first optical components in these beam lines will require the best cooling technology that one can bring to bear. Argonne continues to pioneer the use of liquid metals as the cooling fluid and has adopted liquid gallium as the liquid metal of choice. Its low melting point, 29.7 °C and its very low vapor pressure make it an easy fluid to handle and its high thermal conductivity and heat capacity make it an excellent cooling fluid. A series of experiments were performed during April 1991 with the wiggler beam at the F2 station of the CHESS facility at Cornell to investigate the cooling of large areas of high power. Two types of cooling crystal geometries were tested. One where the cooling channels were core drilled just below the surface of the crystal and a second where slots were cut into the crystal just below the surface with a diamond saw. Both crystals performed well with photon beam powers up to 1050 W and power densities of up to 14.5 W/mm2 at normal incidence. An infrared camera was used to measure the variation in the temperature of the top layer of the silicon crystals. For the core-drilled crystal the peak temperature measured at the center of the beam at a power density of 12.3 W/mm2 was 15 °C hotter than the crystal surface outside of the beam with a flow of liquid gallium of 2 gpm (gallons per minute) and was 10 °C with a flow of 4 gpm. The maximum distortion of the crystal surface distortion of the core-drilled crystal was about ±2.0 arcsec for the 2 gpm case with a maximum power density of 10.9 W/mm2 and about 5% of the expected beam intensity was lost at peak power of 14.5 W/mm2. For the slotted crystal the peak temperature difference for a peak power of 10.9 W/mm2 was 3.5 °C and 2.0 °C for liquid gallium flows of 1 gpm and 2 gpm, respectively. No intensity loss was measured for the maximum power density of 14.5 W/mm2. The fact that the peak temperature difference on the surface of both crystals was decreasing with increased flow of liquid gallium suggests that even higher power densities can be accommodated with higher flows of liquid gallium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143334
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen radical-mediated DNA damage by redox-active chromium(III) complexes (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 31 (1992), S. 11626-11631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00161a049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemicelluloses from Maple Holocellulose (1948)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 40 (1948), S. 1528-1529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50464a041
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The infrared spectrum of XeH+ (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Fourier transform emission spectrum of XeH+ was observed in the infrared region of the spectrum. The 1–0 and 2–1 vibration–rotation bands for 132XeH+, 131XeH+, and 129XeH+ were recorded from a nickel hollow cathode discharge in xenon and hydrogen. Molecular constants, including Re=1.602 813(6) A(ring), Be=6.560 686(50), αe=0.186 739(14), ωe=2269.9674(11), and ωexe=41.328 30(34) cm−1 for 132XeH+, were extracted from the line positions. Our work represents the first high-resolution detection of XeH+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological relevance of temporal stability in regional fish catches (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The concept of habitat selection based on ‘Ideal Free Distribution’ theory suggests that areas of high suitability may attract larger quantities of fishes than less suitable or unsuitable areas. Catch data were used from groundfish surveys to identify areas of consistently high densities of whiting Merlangius merlangus, cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus in the Irish Sea and plaice Pleuronectes platessa, sole Solea solea, lemon sole Microstomus kitt in the English Channel over a period of 10 and 9 years respectively. A method was introduced to delineate areas of the seabed that held consistently high numbers of fishes objectively from large datasets. These areas may constitute important habitat characteristics which may merit further scientific investigations in respect to ‘Essential Fish Habitats’(EFH). In addition, the number of stations with consistently high abundances of fishes and the number of stations where no fishes were caught gave an indication of the site specificity of the fish species analysed. For the gadoids, whiting was found to be less site specific than cod and haddock, while for the flatfishes, plaice and sole were less site specific than lemon sole. The findings are discussed in the context of previously published studies on dietary specializm. The site specificity of demersal fishes has implications for the siting process for marine protected areas as fish species with a strong habitat affinity can be expected to benefit more from such management schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00244.x
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  • 8
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    Magnetic nanoscopic correlations in the crossover between a superspin glass and a superferromagnet (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-12
    Description: Collective behaviors in which the magnetic response depends not only on the individual constituents but also on their interactions are an area of active research. We have produced a paradigmatic system where DC magnetron sputtered Fe x Ag 100– x ( x  = 15, 35) nanogranular films exhibit a crossover between a superspin glass (SSG) state and a superferromagnetism (SFM), where direct exchange interactions overcome the frustration. The systems have been studied by non-linear susceptibility (NLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The NLS measurements were carried out between 2 and 300 K, in the absence of a biasing magnetic field, with frequencies spanning two decades. These measurements shed light on the complex nature of the interactions and the intricate relationship between direct exchange and long range magnetic interactions. The use of SANS allows us to estimate qualitatively the lengthscale of the magnetic correlations, and therefore identify a clear difference between the collective “supermagnetic” states (i.e., SSG and SFM) while establishing links between the structure and the magnetic interactions.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Adsorption of F127 onto Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Characterized Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2015)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-03
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
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    Microrheology of Bacterial Biofilms In Vitro:Staphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa (2008)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-02
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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