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  • A‐TWAIN  (1)
  • CO2 fluxes  (1)
  • Hydrography  (1)
  • American Geophysical Union  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • American Geophysical Union  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
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    Increasing frequency of mid‐depth salinity maximum intrusions in the Middle Atlantic Bight (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gawarkiewicz, G., Fratantoni, P., Bahr, F., & Ellertson, A. Increasing frequency of mid‐depth salinity maximum intrusions in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(7), (2022): e2021JC018233, https://doi.org/10.1029./2021jc018233.
    Description: Shelfbreak exchange processes have been studied extensively in the Middle Atlantic Bight. An important process occurring during stratified conditions is the Salinity Maximum Intrusion. These features are commonly observed at the depth of the seasonal pycnocline, and less frequently at the surface and bottom. Data collected from NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Ecosystem Monitoring program as well as data collected from the fishing industry in Rhode Island show that the middepth intrusions are now occurring much more frequently than was reported in a previous climatology of the intrusions (Lentz, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001859). The intrusions have a greater salinity difference from ambient water and penetrate large distances shoreward of the shelf break relative to the earlier climatology. The longer term data from the Ecosystem Monitoring program indicates that the increase in frequency occurred in 2000, and thus may be linked to a recent regime shift in the annual formation rate of Warm Core Rings by the Gulf Stream. Given the increased frequency of these salty intrusions, it will be necessary to properly resolve this process in numerical simulations in order to account for salt budgets for the continental shelf and slope.
    Description: Data collection for the Shelf Research Fleet and salary for G. Gawarkiewicz, F. Bahr, and A. Ellertson were provided by the van Beuren Charitable Foundation of Newport, RI. G. Gawarkiewicz, F. Bahr, and A. Ellertson were also supported in analysis of this data by NSF grant OCE-1851261.
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Middle Atlantic Bight ; Shelfbreak front ; Warm core ring ; Intrusion ; Continental shelf processes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Structure, transport, and seasonality of the Atlantic Water boundary current north of Svalbard: Results from a yearlong mooring array (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 124(3), (2019): 1679-1698, doi:10.1029/2018JC014759.
    Description: The characteristics and seasonality of the Svalbard branch of the Atlantic Water (AW) boundary current in the Eurasian Basin are investigated using data from a six‐mooring array deployed near 30°E between September 2012 and September 2013. The instrument coverage extended to 1,200‐m depth and approximately 50 km offshore of the shelf break, which laterally bracketed the flow. Averaged over the year, the transport of the current over this depth range was 3.96 ± 0.32 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s). The transport within the AW layer was 2.08 ± 0.24 Sv. The current was typically subsurface intensified, and its dominant variability was associated with pulsing rather than meandering. From late summer to early winter the AW was warmest and saltiest, and its eastward transport was strongest (2.44 ± 0.12 Sv), while from midspring to midsummer the AW was coldest and freshest and its transport was weakest (1.10 ± 0.06 Sv). Deep mixed layers developed through the winter, extending to 400‐ to 500‐m depth in early spring until the pack ice encroached the area from the north shutting off the air‐sea buoyancy forcing. This vertical mixing modified a significant portion of the AW layer, suggesting that, as the ice cover continues to decrease in the southern Eurasian Basin, the AW will be more extensively transformed via local ventilation.
    Description: We are grateful to the crew of the R/V Lance for the collection of the data. The U.S. component of A‐TWAIN was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant ARC‐1264098 as well as a grant from the Steven Grossman Family Foundation. The Norwegian component of A‐TWAIN was funded by the “Arctic Ocean” flagship program at the Fram Centre. The data used in this study are available at http://atwain.whoi.edu and data.npolar.no (Sundfjord et al., 2017). The data from Fram Strait are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.853902
    Description: 2019-08-15
    Keywords: Atlantic Water ; Svalbard branch ; A‐TWAIN ; seasonality ; Arctic Ocean ; Fram Strait branch
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO2 waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 39 (2012): L07606, doi:10.1029/2012GL051574.
    Description: The carbon system of the western Arctic Ocean is undergoing a rapid transition as sea ice extent and thickness decline. These processes are dynamically forcing the region, with unknown consequences for CO2 fluxes and carbonate mineral saturation states, particularly in the coastal regions where sensitive ecosystems are already under threat from multiple stressors. In October 2011, persistent wind-driven upwelling occurred in open water along the continental shelf of the Beaufort Sea in the western Arctic Ocean. During this time, cold (〈−1.2°C), salty (〉32.4) halocline water—supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 (pCO2 〉 550 μatm) and undersaturated in aragonite (Ωaragonite 〈 1.0) was transported onto the Beaufort shelf. A single 10-day event led to the outgassing of 0.18–0.54 Tg-C and caused aragonite undersaturations throughout the water column over the shelf. If we assume a conservative estimate of four such upwelling events each year, then the annual flux to the atmosphere would be 0.72–2.16 Tg-C, which is approximately the total annual sink of CO2 in the Beaufort Sea from primary production. Although a natural process, these upwelling events have likely been exacerbated in recent years by declining sea ice cover and changing atmospheric conditions in the region, and could have significant impacts on regional carbon budgets. As sea ice retreat continues and storms increase in frequency and intensity, further outgassing events and the expansion of waters that are undersaturated in carbonate minerals over the shelf are probable.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (ARC1041102 – JTM, OPP0856244-RSP, and ARC1040694- LWJ), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CIFAR11021- RHB) and the West Coast & Polar Regions Undersea Research Center (POFP00983 – CLM and JM).
    Description: 2012-10-11
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; CO2 fluxes ; Ocean acidification ; Upwelling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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