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  • Key words Extraocular muscle  (2)
  • Nudibranchia  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Wiley
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (4)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Wiley
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraocular muscle in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy: cation homeostasis is maintained but is not mechanistic in muscle sparing (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Extraocular muscle ; Cation ; Muscular dystrophy ; Merosin ; dy Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extraocular muscle is uniquely spared from damage in merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Using a murine model, we have tested the hypothesis that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is mechanistic in extraocular muscle protection. Atomic absorption spectroscopy has demonstrated a strong correlation between the perturbation of calcium homeostasis in hindlimb muscle that is severely damaged and the absence of changes in calcium in extraocular muscle. If, as in other skeletal muscles, extraocular muscle fibers are destabilized by merosin deficiency, we would expect an increase in total muscle calcium coupled with an adaptive response in the high capacity/speed of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the eye muscle. However, we have not observed the expected increases in total muscle calcium content, Ca2+-ATPase activity, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger content, or smooth ER Ca2+-ATPase content that are predicted by this model. Instead, these results indicate that the increased membrane permeability that characterizes, and is potentially mechanistic in, myofiber degeneration in muscular dystrophy does not occur in merosin-deficient extraocular muscle. Thus, the high-capacity calcium-scavenging systems are not primarily responsible for extraocular muscle protection in muscular dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051078
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibulo-ocular pathways modulate extraocular muscle myosin expression patterns (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Extraocular muscle ; Muscle development ; Myosin heavy chain ; Vestibular development ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genetic and epigenetic influences that establish and maintain the unique phenotype of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) are poorly understood. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) represents an important input into the EOMs, as it stabilizes eye position relative to the environment and provides a platform for function of all other eye movement systems. A role for vestibular cues in shaping EOM maturation was assessed in these studies using the ototoxic nitrile compound 3’,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to eliminate the receptor hair cells that drive the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Intraperitoneal injections of IDPN were followed by a 2-week survival period, after which myosin heavy chain (MyHC) analysis of the EOMs was performed. When IDPN was administered to juvenile rats, the proportion of eye muscle fibers expressing developmental and fast myosins was increased, while EOM-specific MyHC mRNA levels were downregulated. By contrast, IDPN treatment in adult rats affected only the proportion of fibers expressing developmental MyHC isoforms, leaving the EOM-specific MyHC mRNA unaltered. These data provide evidence that the VOR modulates EOM-specific MyHC expression in development. The lack of significant changes in EOM-specific MyHC expression in adult EOM following IDPN administration suggests that there may be a critical period during development when alterations in vestibular activity have significant and permanent consequences for the eye muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051253
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic cytochemistry of the epidermal mucoid cells ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 114 (1983), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Epidermis ; Golgi apparatus ; Mucoid cells ; Nudibranchia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The epidermal mucoid cells in the cerata ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis were cytochemically tested to determine the composition of their secretory products. The PAS, alcian blue, PA-TSC-SP and high iron diamine stains were used to determine the presence of acidic, sulphated, and periodate-reactive groups on the mucopolysaccharides. The secretory granules in mucoid cells ofA. papillosa consisted of periodate-reactive mucopolysaccharides with acid groups other than sulphates. Each granule also contained fibrils which were not oxidized by periodic acid. The mucoid secretory granules inC. rufibranchialis contained weakly acidic sulphated mucopolysaccharides, but no periodate-reactive polysaccharide groups. In both aeolid nudibranchs the Golgi apparatus at the base of the mucoid cells contained products which stained the same as those in the secretory granules, confirming that the Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of mucoid secretory products. In addition the mucoid cell Golgi complex ofC. rufibranchialis also gave rise to ellipsoid vacuoles which contained sulphated mucopolysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279864
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Golgi apparatus in epidermal mucoid and ellipsoid-vacuolate cells ofAeolidia papillosa andCoryphella rufibranchialis (Nudibranchia) (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 102 (1980), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Golgi apparatus ; Nudibranchia ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The epidermal cell layer of the apical end of the ceras was investigated in two species of aeolid nudibranchs. Based on cellular inclusions, mostly two cell types were found: mucoid and ellipsoid-vacuolate cells. Mucoid cells ofCoryphella rufibranchialis have large heterogeneous and fibrillar secretory granules whereas inAeolidia papillosa, the granules are homogeneous, but vary in electron density from one cell to another. Ellipsoid-vacuolate cells contained large quantities of small vacuoles with an included ellipsoidal structure. Both species contained very numerous ellipsoid-vacuolate cells. Secretory granules and ellipsoid-vacuoles appear to arise from the Golgi apparatus and these contents stain with PAS, suggesting a polysaccharide composition. Mucoid cells contained both secretory granules and ellipsoid-vacuoles which may arise from the same Golgi apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279589
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