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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructure of Al2O3 formed by oxidation of a model NiCrAlY alloy during electron-beam physical vapor deposition of ZrO2–7.6 mol% YO1.5 is examined and compared with that formed on the bare substrate. The growth rate, morphology, and chemical composition of the oxide vary among the different constituents of the alloy surface and are further influenced by the O2 partial pressure and the physical presence of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) layer. These differences, however, are largely limited to the outer oxide layer. The interplay between the TBC and the growing oxide leads to the formation of a fine-grain Al2O3–ZrO2“mixed zone” within the thermally grown oxide. A mechanism is outlined to explain this behavior, based on the dissolution of ZrO2 in a transient Al2O3 structure growing by outward diffusion of Al, and its subsequent reprecipitation when the metastable phase transforms to the stable α-Al2O3 form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of yttrium doping on the microstructure and microchemistry of hot-pressed α-alumina was investigated using a combination of electron microscopy techniques. The implications of microstructure and microchemistry on the improved creep behavior of the doped material are discussed. The samples doped only with yttrium had a bimodal grain-size distribution that was strongly correlated to the frequency and distribution of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) precipitates in the microstructure. Yttrium segregated to most of the grain boundaries, with a normal excess concentration of Gamma= 3.3 ± 0.9 atoms/nm2 at random boundaries. Two types of twin boundaries (Sigma3 and Sigma7) accommodated no yttrium. None of the boundaries or triple-point junctions contained a glassy grain-boundary phase. Strong interaction of the grain boundaries and dislocations with YAG precipitates indicated a pinning mechanism by the precipitates. Yttrium doping did not appear to favor formation of special boundaries in α-alumina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The atomistic structure and electrical properties of a symmetrical 5.4° [001] tilt grain boundary in Fe-doped SrTiO3 have been investigated, respectively, by means of various transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and impedance spectroscopy. In weak-beam dark-field images, the grain boundary is revealed to consist of a periodic array of dislocations; high-resolution TEM images show that the dislocation cores are separated by regions of strained lattice. The impedance response of the bicrystal has been measured in the frequency range 20 Hz ≤f≤ 106 Hz as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The transport of charge across the array of dislocations that form the grain boundary is strongly hindered. Analysis of the impedance data in terms of a double-Schottky-barrier model yields a space-charge potential that exhibits a weak dependence on temperature and oxygen partial pressure and is ∼0.55 V in the investigated regime.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several low-index symmetrical tilt grain boundaries in α-Al2O3 were investigated by combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Bicrystals with a well-defined orientation relation and interface plane were produced by diffusion bonding under ultrahigh vacuum. Grain boundaries like the prismatic and rhombohedral twin develop an atomically sharp and clean interface, whereas higher index grain boundary (GB) planes show a more complex structure and are able to accommodate both Si and Ca in the interface. Additionally, it was found that asymmetric GB planes which occur as facets at rhombohedral and prismatic twins also accommodate impurity atoms.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abnormal grain growth without strong anisotropy or faceting of the grains has been observed in high-purity yttria-doped alumina specimens, often starting at the surface and spreading right through the bulk at higher sintering temperatures. This appears to occur because of an interaction between Si contamination from sintering and the yttria doping; no such effect is seen for undoped samples. Similar microstructures were observed after deliberate Y/Si codoping. Analytical STEM showed that some grain boundaries bordering on large grains contained more Si than Y. HRTEM and diffuse dark-field imaging revealed thin (0.5–0.9 nm) disordered layers at some boundaries bordering large grains. It appears that Si impurities are accumulating at some boundaries and together with the Y inducing a grain boundary structural transformation that accounts for the dramatically increased mobility of these boundaries.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxides such as SrTiO3 are expected to fail via brittle fracture at low temperatures. Surprisingly, in the present study, SrTiO3 single crystals could be plastically deformed in compression in two temperature ranges: from 78 K to ∼1050 K and from 1500 K to 1800 K. SrTiO3 was brittle at temperatures between these two ranges (∼1050–1500 K). This phenomenon of a ductile–brittle–ductile transition, together with microstructural investigations, suggests that the role of dislocations in the plasticity of ceramics must be reconsidered.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polydomain tetragonal (t′) zirconia was deformed in compression along a 〈100〉 orientation at various temperatures between 500° and 1400°C. The stress-strain curves showed a plateau corresponding to ferroelastic deformation, followed by plastic deformation at a higher yield stress level. In both ranges, the strain-rate sensitivity of the stress was measured by stress-relaxation tests. The microstructure of the tetragonal domains after ferroelastic deformation and the dislocation substructure were studied by transmission electron microscopy in a high-voltage electron microscope. As expected, ferroelastic deformation suppressed the tetragonal variant with its c-axis parallel to the loading direction. The dislocation structure consisted of intersecting dislocations on different slip systems with strongly bowed-out segments. The microprocesses of deformation are discussed here by comparing the deformation data with those of cubic zirconia deformed in the same orientation and based on the observed microstructure. The particular microstructure of t′ zirconia seems to prevent recovery, so that the high flow stress of ∼700 MPa is preserved up to 1400°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Multilayer PZT films were prepared by sol-gel processing, and their structure and composition were investigated by cross-sectional TEM and EDX analyses. The films made by firing at 600°C (as-deposited films) are composed of alternating porous and dense layers, and the porosity increases by a factor of 2 through heating at 750°C. The pyrochlore phase observed in the as-deposited films turns to the perovskite phase by the heat treatment at 750°C. The Ti/Zr ratio along the film stacking direction is shown to change with the elevation of heat treatment temperature. The porous soft layers are considered to reduce the thermal stress and prevent the introduction of cracks during the firing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ground state total energies of α- and β-Si3N4 crystals are calculated by an ab-initio method based on local density functional theory. The calculated bulk modulus and pressure coefficients for both crystals are in good agreement with recent experimental measurements. Interatomic pair potentials of the Buckingham form with an additional repulsive term are derived using ab-initio effective charges and total energy data. The effective pair potentials give excellent results on equilibrium lattice parameters, elastic constants, phonon spectra, and lattice specific heat for both crystals. The zone-center optical phonon modes are in good agreement with measured infrared and Raman spectra. The pair potentials for α- and β-Al2O3 are similar but not the same, despite their similarities in the local short-range order. Applications of the pair potentials to the simulation and modeling of surfaces and interfaces in Si3N4 ceramics are discussed.
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