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  • 1
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    Close Cassini flybys of Saturns ring moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Saturn’s main ring system is associated with a set of small moons that are either embedded within it, or interact with the rings to alter their shape and composition. Five close flybys of the moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus were performed between December 2016 and April 2017 during the Ring-grazing Orbits of the Cassini mission. Data on the moons’ morphology, structure, particle environment, and composition were returned, along with images in the ultraviolet and thermal infrared. The optical properties of the moons’ surfaces are determined by two competing processes: contamination by a red material formed in Saturn’s main ring system, and by accretion of bright icy particles or water vapor from volcanic plumes originating on the planet’s moon Enceladus.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
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    Close Cassini flybys of Saturns ring moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Saturn’s main ring system is associated with a set of small moons that either are embedded within it or interact with the rings to alter their shape and composition. Five close flybys of the moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus were performed between December 2016 and April 2017 during the ring-grazing orbits of the Cassini mission. Data on the moons’ morphology, structure, particle environment, and composition were returned, along with images in the ultraviolet and thermal infrared. We find that the optical properties of the moons’ surfaces are determined by two competing processes: contamination by a red material formed in Saturn’s main ring system and accretion of bright icy particles or water vapor from volcanic plumes originating on the moon Enceladus.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: Molecular excitation by the simultaneous absorption of two photons provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The excitation of fluorophores having single-photon absorption in the ultraviolet with a stream of strongly focused subpicosecond pulses of red laser light has made possible fluorescence images of living cells and other microscopic objects. The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation. This technique also provides unprecedented capabilities for three-dimensional, spatially resolved photochemistry, particularly photolytic release of caged effector molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denk, W -- Strickler, J H -- Webb, W W -- RR04224/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Kidney/ultrastructure ; *Lasers ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/*methods ; Photochemistry ; *Radiation ; Swine ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Iapetus: unique surface properties and a global color dichotomy from Cassini imaging (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Since 2004, Saturn's moon Iapetus has been observed repeatedly with the Imaging Science Subsystem of the Cassini spacecraft. The images show numerous impact craters down to the resolution limit of approximately 10 meters per pixel. Small, bright craters within the dark hemisphere indicate a dark blanket thickness on the order of meters or less. Dark, equator-facing and bright, poleward-facing crater walls suggest temperature-driven water-ice sublimation as the process responsible for local albedo patterns. Imaging data also reveal a global color dichotomy, wherein both dark and bright materials on the leading side have a substantially redder color than the respective trailing-side materials. This global pattern indicates an exogenic origin for the redder leading-side parts and suggests that the global color dichotomy initiated the thermal formation of the global albedo dichotomy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denk, Tilmann -- Neukum, Gerhard -- Roatsch, Thomas -- Porco, Carolyn C -- Burns, Joseph A -- Galuba, Gotz G -- Schmedemann, Nico -- Helfenstein, Paul -- Thomas, Peter C -- Wagner, Roland J -- West, Robert A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):435-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1177088. Epub 2009 Dec 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitat Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany. Tilmann.Denk@fu-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cassini imaging of Jupiter's atmosphere, satellites, and rings (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem acquired about 26,000 images of the Jupiter system as the spacecraft encountered the giant planet en route to Saturn. We report findings on Jupiter's zonal winds, convective storms, low-latitude upper troposphere, polar stratosphere, and northern aurora. We also describe previously unseen emissions arising from Io and Europa in eclipse, a giant volcanic plume over Io's north pole, disk-resolved images of the satellite Himalia, circumstantial evidence for a causal relation between the satellites Metis and Adrastea and the main jovian ring, and information on the nature of the ring particles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porco, Carolyn C -- West, Robert A -- McEwen, Alfred -- Del Genio, Anthony D -- Ingersoll, Andrew P -- Thomas, Peter -- Squyres, Steve -- Dones, Luke -- Murray, Carl D -- Johnson, Torrence V -- Burns, Joseph A -- Brahic, Andre -- Neukum, Gerhard -- Veverka, Joseph -- Barbara, John M -- Denk, Tilmann -- Evans, Michael -- Ferrier, Joseph J -- Geissler, Paul -- Helfenstein, Paul -- Roatsch, Thomas -- Throop, Henry -- Tiscareno, Matthew -- Vasavada, Ashwin R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1541-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Space Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. carolyn@ciclops.swri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Cassini Imaging Science: initial results on Phoebe and Iapetus (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem acquired high-resolution imaging data on the outer Saturnian moon, Phoebe, during Cassini's close flyby on 11 June 2004 and on Iapetus during a flyby on 31 December 2004. Phoebe has a heavily cratered and ancient surface, shows evidence of ice near the surface, has distinct layering of different materials, and has a mean density that is indicative of an ice-rock mixture. Iapetus's dark leading side (Cassini Regio) is ancient, heavily cratered terrain bisected by an equatorial ridge system that reaches 20 kilometers relief. Local albedo variations within and bordering Cassini Regio suggest mass wasting of ballistically deposited material, the origin of which remains unknown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porco, C C -- Baker, E -- Barbara, J -- Beurle, K -- Brahic, A -- Burns, J A -- Charnoz, S -- Cooper, N -- Dawson, D D -- Del Genio, A D -- Denk, T -- Dones, L -- Dyudina, U -- Evans, M W -- Giese, B -- Grazier, K -- Helfenstein, P -- Ingersoll, A P -- Jacobson, R A -- Johnson, T V -- McEwen, A -- Murray, C D -- Neukum, G -- Owen, W M -- Perry, J -- Roatsch, T -- Spitale, J -- Squyres, S -- Thomas, P C -- Tiscareno, M -- Turtle, E -- Vasavada, A R -- Veverka, J -- Wagner, R -- West, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1237-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. carolyn@ciclops.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Cassini Imaging Science: initial results on Saturn's rings and small satellites (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: Images acquired of Saturn's rings and small moons by the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) during the first 9 months of Cassini operations at Saturn have produced many new findings. These include new saturnian moons; refined orbits of new and previously known moons; narrow diffuse rings in the F-ring region and embedded in gaps within the main rings; exceptionally fine-scale ring structure in moderate- to high-optical depth regions; new estimates for the masses of ring-region moons, as well as ring particle properties in the Cassini division, derived from the analysis of linear density waves; ring particle albedos in select ring regions; and never-before-seen phenomena within the rings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porco, C C -- Baker, E -- Barbara, J -- Beurle, K -- Brahic, A -- Burns, J A -- Charnoz, S -- Cooper, N -- Dawson, D D -- Del Genio, A D -- Denk, T -- Dones, L -- Dyudina, U -- Evans, M W -- Giese, B -- Grazier, K -- Helfenstein, P -- Ingersoll, A P -- Jacobson, R A -- Johnson, T V -- McEwen, A -- Murray, C D -- Neukum, G -- Owen, W M -- Perry, J -- Roatsch, T -- Spitale, J -- Squyres, S -- Thomas, P -- Tiscareno, M -- Turtle, E -- Vasavada, A R -- Veverka, J -- Wagner, R -- West, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1226-36.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. carolyn@ciclops.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Cassini Imaging Science: initial results on Saturn's atmosphere (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) began observing Saturn in early February 2004. From analysis of cloud motions through early October 2004, we report vertical wind shear in Saturn's equatorial jet and a maximum wind speed of approximately 375 meters per second, a value that differs from both Hubble Space Telescope and Voyager values. We also report a particularly active narrow southern mid-latitude region in which dark ovals are observed both to merge with each other and to arise from the eruptions of large, bright storms. Bright storm eruptions are correlated with Saturn's electrostatic discharges, which are thought to originate from lightning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porco, C C -- Baker, E -- Barbara, J -- Beurle, K -- Brahic, A -- Burns, J A -- Charnoz, S -- Cooper, N -- Dawson, D D -- Del Genio, A D -- Denk, T -- Dones, L -- Dyudina, U -- Evans, M W -- Giese, B -- Grazier, K -- Helfenstein, P -- Ingersoll, A P -- Jacobson, R A -- Johnson, T V -- McEwen, A -- Murray, C D -- Neukum, G -- Owen, W M -- Perry, J -- Roatsch, T -- Spitale, J -- Squyres, S -- Thomas, P -- Tiscareno, M -- Turtle, E -- Vasavada, A R -- Veverka, J -- Wagner, R -- West, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1243-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. carolyn@ciclops.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Cassini has identified a geologically active province at the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. In images acquired by the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), this region is circumscribed by a chain of folded ridges and troughs at approximately 55 degrees S latitude. The terrain southward of this boundary is distinguished by its albedo and color contrasts, elevated temperatures, extreme geologic youth, and narrow tectonic rifts that exhibit coarse-grained ice and coincide with the hottest temperatures measured in the region. Jets of fine icy particles that supply Saturn's E ring emanate from this province, carried aloft by water vapor probably venting from subsurface reservoirs of liquid water. The shape of Enceladus suggests a possible intense heating epoch in the past by capture into a 1:4 secondary spin/orbit resonance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porco, C C -- Helfenstein, P -- Thomas, P C -- Ingersoll, A P -- Wisdom, J -- West, R -- Neukum, G -- Denk, T -- Wagner, R -- Roatsch, T -- Kieffer, S -- Turtle, E -- McEwen, A -- Johnson, T V -- Rathbun, J -- Veverka, J -- Wilson, D -- Perry, J -- Spitale, J -- Brahic, A -- Burns, J A -- Delgenio, A D -- Dones, L -- Murray, C D -- Squyres, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1393-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. carolyn@ciclops.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment/chemistry ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Direct measurement of coupling between dendritic spines and shafts (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-03
    Description: Characterization of the diffusional and electrotonic coupling of spines to the dendritic shaft is crucial to understanding neuronal integration and synaptic plasticity. Two-photon photobleaching and photorelease of fluorescein dextran were used to generate concentration gradients between spines and shafts in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. Diffusional reequilibration was monitored with two-photon fluorescence imaging. The time course of reequilibration was exponential, with time constants in the range of 20 to 100 milliseconds, demonstrating chemical compartmentalization on such time scales. These values imply that electrical spine neck resistances are unlikely to exceed 150 megohms and more likely range from 4 to 50 megohms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svoboda, K -- Tank, D W -- Denk, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):716-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Computation Research Department, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Dextrans/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Impedance ; Fluoresceins/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Microscopy/methods ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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