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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2)
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  • 1
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    Coral reefs will transition to net dissolving before end of century (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-23
    Description: Ocean acidification refers to the lowering of the ocean’s pH due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 from the atmosphere. Coral reef calcification is expected to decrease as the oceans become more acidic. Dissolving calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) sands could greatly exacerbate reef loss associated with reduced calcification but is presently poorly constrained. Here we show that CaCO 3 dissolution in reef sediments across five globally distributed sites is negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state ( ar ) of overlying seawater and that CaCO 3 sediment dissolution is 10-fold more sensitive to ocean acidification than coral calcification. Consequently, reef sediments globally will transition from net precipitation to net dissolution when seawater ar reaches 2.92 ± 0.16 (expected circa 2050 CE). Notably, some reefs are already experiencing net sediment dissolution.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Environmental controls on modern scleractinian coral and reef-scale calcification (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-09
    Description: Modern reef-building corals sustain a wide range of ecosystem services because of their ability to build calcium carbonate reef systems. The influence of environmental variables on coral calcification rates has been extensively studied, but our understanding of their relative importance is limited by the absence of in situ observations and the ability to decouple the interactions between different properties. We show that temperature is the primary driver of coral colony ( Porites astreoides and Diploria labyrinthiformis ) and reef-scale calcification rates over a 2-year monitoring period from the Bermuda coral reef. On the basis of multimodel climate simulations (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) and assuming sufficient coral nutrition, our results suggest that P. astreoides and D. labyrinthiformis coral calcification rates in Bermuda could increase throughout the 21st century as a result of gradual warming predicted under a minimum CO 2 emissions pathway [representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6] with positive 21st-century calcification rates potentially maintained under a reduced CO 2 emissions pathway (RCP 4.5). These results highlight the potential benefits of rapid reductions in global anthropogenic CO 2 emissions for 21st-century Bermuda coral reefs and the ecosystem services they provide.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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