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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins. All vesicle transport steps also have an essential requirement for a member of the Sec1 protein family, including the neuronal Munc18-1 (also known as nSec1) in regulated exocytosis. Here, in adrenal chromaffin cells, we expressed a Munc18 mutant with reduced affinity for syntaxin, which specifically modified the kinetics of single-granule exocytotic release events, consistent with an acceleration of fusion pore expansion. Thus, Munc18 functions in a late stage in the fusion process, where its dissociation from syntaxin determines the kinetics of postfusion events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, R J -- Pevsner, J -- Burgoyne, R D -- R01 NS36670-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adrenal Medulla/cytology ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; Catecholamines/secretion ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromaffin Cells/*physiology ; *Exocytosis ; *Membrane Fusion ; Munc18 Proteins ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Secretory Vesicles/*physiology ; Syntaxin 1 ; Transfection ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is produced by and required for the growth of epithelial cells and is angiogenic in vivo. Since epidermal hyperplasia and angiogenesis are hallmarks of psoriasis, TGF-alpha gene expression was analyzed in epidermal biopsies of normal and psoriatic skin. TGF-alpha messenger RNA and protein are much more abundant in lesional psoriatic epidermis than in normal-appearing skin of psoriatic patients or in normal epidermis. In contrast, messenger RNA levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which inhibits epithelial cell growth, are not significantly different in normal, uninvolved, and lesional psoriatic epidermis. Thus, psoriatic epidermal hyperplasia may involve increased expression of a keratinocyte mitogen (TGF-alpha) rather than deficient expression of a growth inhibitor (TGF-beta 1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elder, J T -- Fisher, G J -- Lindquist, P B -- Bennett, G L -- Pittelkow, M R -- Coffey, R J Jr -- Ellingsworth, L -- Derynck, R -- Voorhees, J J -- 5-T32-AM07197-10/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):811-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Northern ; Epidermis/physiopathology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Psoriasis/*genetics ; Transforming Growth Factors/*genetics/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: The alpha chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovats, S -- Main, E K -- Librach, C -- Stubblebine, M -- Fisher, S J -- DeMars, R -- AI-15586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD-24495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P0I HD-24180/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trophoblasts/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: Cytotrophoblasts, specialized placental cells, proliferate early in pregnancy and then differentiate into tumor-like cells that establish blood flow to the placenta by invading the uterus and its vasculature. In this study, cytotrophoblasts cultured under hypoxic conditions (2 percent oxygen), mimicking the environment near the uterine surface before 10 weeks of gestation, continued proliferating and differentiated poorly. When cultured in 20 percent oxygen, mimicking the environment near uterine arterioles, the cells stopped proliferating and differentiated normally. Thus, oxygen tension determines whether cytotrophoblasts proliferate or invade, thereby regulating placental growth and cellular architecture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genbacev, O -- Zhou, Y -- Ludlow, J W -- Fisher, S J -- CA 56904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD30367/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0512, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/biosynthesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Hypoxia ; Chorionic Villi/growth & development ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Integrin alpha1 ; Mitosis ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Placenta/blood supply/cytology ; Placental Lactogen/analysis ; *Placentation ; Pregnancy ; S Phase ; Trophoblasts/*cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: We have found that two-photon fluorescence imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) provides the sensitivity and spatial three-dimensional resolution to resolve metabolic signatures in processes of astrocytes and neurons deep in highly scattering brain tissue slices. This functional imaging reveals spatiotemporal partitioning of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism between astrocytes and neurons during focal neural activity that establishes a unifying hypothesis for neurometabolic coupling in which early oxidative metabolism in neurons is eventually sustained by late activation of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Our model integrates existing views of brain energy metabolism and is in accord with known macroscopic physiological changes in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasischke, Karl A -- Vishwasrao, Harshad D -- Fisher, Patricia J -- Zipfel, Warren R -- Webb, Watt W -- P41-EB001976-16/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):99-103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Cytoplasm ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Fluorescence ; *Glycolysis ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pyramidal Cells/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: Trophoblast adhesion to the uterine wall is the requisite first step of implantation and, subsequently, placentation. At the maternal-fetal interface, we investigated the expression of selectin adhesion systems that enable leukocyte capture from the bloodstream. On the maternal side, human uterine epithelial cells up-regulated selectin oligosaccharide-based ligands during the window of receptivity. On the fetal side, human trophoblasts expressed L-selectin. This ligand-receptor system was functional, because beads coated with the selectin ligand 6-sulfo sLe(x) bound to trophoblasts, and trophoblasts bound to ligand-expressing uterine luminal epithelium in tissue sections. These results suggest that trophoblast L-selectin mediates interactions with the uterus and that this adhesion mechanism may be critical to establishing human pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genbacev, Olga D -- Prakobphol, Akraporn -- Foulk, Russell A -- Krtolica, Ana R -- Ilic, Dusko -- Singer, Mark S -- Yang, Zhi-Qiang -- Kiessling, Laura L -- Rosen, Steven D -- Fisher, Susan J -- DE 07244/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL 64597/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37GM23547/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HD 42283/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):405-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Stomatology, Anatomy, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; *Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Jurkat Cells ; L-Selectin/immunology/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Luteal Phase ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Oligosaccharides/*metabolism ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblasts/metabolism/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Preterm birth is associated with 5 to 18% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome caused by multiple pathologic processes, leads to 70% of preterm births. The prevention and the treatment of preterm labor have been long-standing challenges. We summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of disease implicated in this condition and review advances relevant to intra-amniotic infection, decidual senescence, and breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance. The success of progestogen treatment to prevent preterm birth in a subset of patients at risk is a cause for optimism. Solving the mystery of preterm labor, which compromises the health of future generations, is a formidable scientific challenge worthy of investment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romero, Roberto -- Dey, Sudhansu K -- Fisher, Susan J -- DA06668/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD076253/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HD002400-23/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):760-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251816. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Wayne State University/the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. romeror@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy, and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Decidua/physiopathology ; Female ; Fetus/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Infection/complications/physiopathology ; Inflammation/complications/physiopathology ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/*etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control ; Placenta/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Syndrome ; Vascular Diseases/complications/physiopathology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Many bacterial infections are hard to treat and tend to relapse, possibly due to the presence of antibiotic-tolerant persisters. In vitro, persister cells appear to be dormant. After uptake of 〈i〉Salmonella〈/i〉 species by macrophages, nongrowing persisters also occur, but their physiological state is poorly understood. In this work, we show that 〈i〉Salmonella〈/i〉 persisters arising during macrophage infection maintain a metabolically active state. Persisters reprogram macrophages by means of effectors secreted by the 〈i〉Salmonella〈/i〉 pathogenicity island 2 type 3 secretion system. These effectors dampened proinflammatory innate immune responses and induced anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. Such reprogramming allowed nongrowing 〈i〉Salmonella〈/i〉 cells to survive for extended periods in their host. Persisters undermining host immune defenses might confer an advantage to the pathogen during relapse once antibiotic pressure is relieved.〈/p〉
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, R J -- Fivash, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Kinetics ; *Models, Immunological ; Protein Binding/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1996-05-17
    Description: The retinal cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a key regulator of phototransduction in the vertebrate visual system. PDE consists of a catalytic core of alpha and beta subunits associated with two inhibitory gamma subunits. A gene-targeting approach was used to disrupt the mouse PDEgamma gene. This mutation resulted in a rapid retinal degeneration resembling human retinitis pigmentosa. In homozygous mutant mice, reduced rather than increased PDE activity was apparent; the PDEalphabeta dimer was formed but lacked hydrolytic activity. Thus, the inhibitory gamma subunit appears to be necessary for integrity of the photoreceptors and expression of PDE activity in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757426/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757426/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsang, S H -- Gouras, P -- Yamashita, C K -- Kjeldbye, H -- Fisher, J -- Farber, D B -- Goff, S P -- EY08285/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- K08 EY000408/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- K08 EY000408-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM 073667-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 17;272(5264):1026-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chimera ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism ; Electroretinography ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Retina/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Degeneration/*enzymology/pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/*enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/pathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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